Hauv qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev nom kev tswv tsis ruaj khov hauv Lavxias peev thiab nyob rau sab nrauv, kev tawm tsam nyob rau pem hauv ntej nws tus kheej, Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Ib Ntus tsis ntseeg ntawm cov thawj coj, Lub Hauv Paus thiab lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus tsim cov phiaj xwm rau kev tawm tsam lub caij ntuj sov. Muaj tseeb, cov thawj coj tsis paub tias nws yuav tuaj yeem thim cov tub rog tawm ntawm qhov av, seb cov tub rog, uas tau saj ntau yam "kev ywj pheej thiab txoj cai", yuav pom zoo tuag.
Cov tub rog tau sib tham, pom zoo rau cov kev xav ntawm yuav luag txhua tus neeg hais lus thiab tam sim ntawd tsis nco qab txog nws, mloog tus tom ntej, leej twg tuaj yeem hais qhov tsis sib xws kiag li. Nyob hauv tib pawg, feem ntau ib tus tub rog tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj los tawm tsam, thaum lwm tus pom zoo tsuas yog tiv thaiv, hauv qhov thib peb, tsis muaj ib qho kev txiav txim siab, nyob ntawd lawv tau daig kab nuv ntses rau hauv av thiab mus tsev ntawm lawv tus kheej, "qhov twg cov neeg German tsis tuaj yeem mus txog "thiab qhov uas nws yuav tsum tau koom nrog hauv kev faib cov av dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tso neeg coob tuaj yeem tshwm sim tam sim tom qab "kev pom zoo thiab ua tiav" kev txiav txim siab los tawm tsam mus rau qhov kawg. Vim li ntawd, tag nrho pab tub rog zoo li lub tsev vwm. Thiab hauv cov xwm txheej no, Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Ib Ntus, vam khom rau Sab Hnub Poob, thiab cov phoojywg tau thov kom Lub Hauv Paus Loj tuaj tawm tsam.
Txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev yaum cov tub rog poob rau ntawm pawg thawj coj los ntawm tus neeg ua phem yav dhau los Savinkov, ntawm "cov neeg nyiam" cov thawj coj thiab Kerensky. Kerensky tau mus ntsib Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob thiab taug kev ncig cov tub rog uas npaj rau kev tawm tsam. Hnub no nws tau txais ib nrab-tso dag, ib nrab-saib tsis taus lub npe menyuam yaus ntawm "tus thawj yaum." Kerensky, leej twg ntawm ib qho poob ntawm qhov ua txhaum ntawm Masonic "nraub qaum" tau nce mus rau qhov siab ntawm lub zog, pom meej nws tus kheej, ntseeg hauv nws "kev muaj peev xwm zoo" thiab "tsis muaj neeg piav tau" ntawm cov neeg thiab pab tub rog, hauv nws "tub rog kev coj noj coj ua ".
Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam, uas tau ncua los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1917 mus rau lub caij ntuj sov, tau txais yuav txawm tias ua ntej Lub Ob Hlis Kev Tawm Tsam hauv qab Alekseev. Lub tshuab tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau xa los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob raws li cov lus txib ntawm General A. E. Gutor nrog cov tub rog ntawm 11th thiab 7th pab tub rog nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Lvov, thiab pab tub rog thib 8 mus rau Kalush. Cov seem ntawm Lavxias sab nrauv - Sab Qaum Teb, Sab Hnub Poob thiab Romanian - tau xa cov pab cuam tawm tsam txhawm rau cuam tshuam cov yeeb ncuab thiab txhawb pab tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob.
Kerensky nyob rau pem hauv ntej
Ua txhaum
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 16 (29), 1917, rab phom loj ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob tau qhib hluav taws rau ntawm cov tub rog Austro-German. Qhov tseeb, Lavxias cov lus txib tau sab laug nrog ib qho kev sib cav - ntau rab phom loj. 3 txhiab rab phom tau rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm, tsis txhob txwm ua kom lub siab tawv ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias. Rau kev txhawb nqa ntau dua ntawm tus ntsuj plig, General Gutor xaj kom ncua kev npaj phom loj rau ob hnub ntxiv. Lub Rau Hli 18 (Lub Xya Hli 1), cov tub rog 11 thiab 7 tau tawm tsam, uas tau tawm tsam Lvov: thawj zaug, hla dhau los ntawm sab qaum teb, mus rau Zborov - Zlochev, thib ob los ntawm pem hauv ntej, mus rau Brzezany. Pawg tub rog thib 8 yuav tsum ua tus pab cuam tawm tsam Galich hauv hav Dniester thiab saib xyuas Carpathian kev taw qhia.
Thawj ob hnub coj qee qhov ua tiav rau cov tub rog uas tau nce qib. Cov tub rog Austro-German tau poob siab los ntawm kev siv phom loj. Ib qho ntxiv, cov yeeb ncuab tsis tau xav tias cov neeg Lavxias tseem muaj peev xwm los teeb tsa qhov kev tawm tsam loj. Hauv qee thaj tsam, 2-3 kab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab trenches raug ntes. 9th Austro-Hungarian Corps ntawm Zborov, uas tuav kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 11th Army ntawm General Erdeli, tau swb thiab thim rov qab rau qhov tshwj tseg, nws tau hloov los ntawm 51st German Corps. Cov tub rog Finnish thiab cov koom pheej Czechoslovak tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv tus kheej hauv Tsov Rog Zborov. Cov tub rog Finnish tau ntes lub zog Mount Mogila uas muaj zog heev, uas tau suav hais tias yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau. Thiab lub tshuab ntawm Czechoslovakians ua rau cov tub rog Austro-Hungarian, uas suav nrog Czechs nyob rau hauv ib feem loj.
Hauv xov tooj los ntawm AF Kerensky mus rau Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Ib Ntus thaum Lub Rau Hli 18 (Lub Xya Hli 1), 1917, Kerensky tshaj tawm tias: "Hnub no yog kev kov yeej kev tawm tsam loj, cov tub rog Lavxias tau tawm tsam nrog kev mob siab rau." Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev ua tiav tau luv luv. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi los txhim kho thawj qhov ua tiav - tsis muaj cov tub rog nyob rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm kev tawm tsam, thiab ib feem dhau ntawm cov tub rog tau tawg. Xaiv cov khoom poob siab uas pib qhov kev tawm tsam feem ntau raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub sijhawm no. Austro-German cov lus txib tau rov zoo sai thiab tau ntsuas los tshem tawm qhov kev kov yeej. Hloov chaw ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov ntshav tawm, cov peev txheej tau tuav cov rooj sib tham thiab dhau qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm "tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab" hauv tsoomfwv cov peev txheej thiab "lub ntiaj teb tsis muaj kev koom nrog thiab cov nuj nqis." Tub rog thib 11 qhov kev tawm tsam nres, nws txuas ntxiv tsuas yog kev sib ntaus sib tua phom loj. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 22 (Lub Xya Hli 5), cov tub rog ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 11 tau sim rov tua dua, tabsis tsis pom qhov ua tiav. Cov yeeb ncuab twb tau ntsuas los ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv.
Qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws nyob ntawm kab 7 ntawm Pab Tub Rog General Belkovich. Pab pawg poob siab ntawm pab tub rog (plaub tus tub rog) tau txav mus los zoo thiab nyob nrog 2-3 tus yeeb ncuab muaj zog tiv thaiv kab. Qhov chaw ntawm Botmer cov tub rog German yav qab teb tau raug thawb ib sab ntawm Tsov Rog ntawm Brzezan. Txawm li cas los xij, twb tau tsaus ntuj ntawm 19 thiab yav tav su ntawm 19 (Lub Xya Hli 2), kev tawm tsam hnyav ntawm cov tub rog German-Turkish feem ntau ua rau peb tsis ua tiav. Cov xwm txheej hauv thaj av tsis tau tso cai muab kev txhawb nqa phom loj. Thiab peb cov tub rog tau poob nws qhov kev sib ntaus yav dhau los: thawj qhov kev xav tau ploj mus, cov tub rog khov sai, hla mus rau qhov tiv thaiv, tab sis lawv tsis tau qhia lawv lub zog yav dhau los. Ntawm 20 qhov kev faib tub rog ntawm 7 pab tub rog: 8 kev sib ntaus sib tua, 2 - tuav kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab 10 - tuav lub rooj sib tham nyob tom qab. Nws tsis yog tsis muaj dab tsi uas Ludendorff tau sau tseg: "Cov no tsis yog cov neeg Lavxias yav dhau los lawm."
Tus thawj coj hauv ntej, General Gutor, tseem vam tias yuav ntxiv dag zog rau cov tub rog thiab rov pib ua phem. Nws tau txhawb nqa pab tub rog thib 11 nrog ob pab tub rog los ntawm Volhynia thiab Romanian pem hauv ntej, thiab pab tub rog thib 7 nrog tus saib xyuas. Kev pab cuam tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Kornilov's 8th Army yuav tsum pab txhawb txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog thiab tub rog tau qhia kev ntshai: lawv pom tias hauv qhov kev tawm tsam tsis ua tiav, tsuas yog cov uas tseem khaws lawv cov kev tawm tsam mus rau qhov ua phem thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv tuag. Tias cov tub rog loj heev nyob rau lub sijhawm twg los tau npaj tawm los ntawm kev mloog lus thiab tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem txwv cov tub rog coob. Tab sis Kerensky tsis pom qhov no. Nws ntseeg tias pab tub rog tau ze rau qhov yeej loj, uas yuav ntxiv dag zog rau Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Ib Ntus hauv lub tebchaws thiab txawv tebchaws.
Lub Rau Hli 23 (Lub Xya Hli 6), 1917, Kornilov cov tub rog tau tawm tsam thib 3 Austro-Hungarian pab tub rog ntawm Terstiansky hauv hav Bystritsa. Thawj ob hnub ntawm kev tawm tsam, 16 Corps xa cov yeeb ncuab mloog mus rau sab qab teb. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 25 (Lub Xya Hli 8), nyob rau hauv qhov xob laim ntawm 300 rab phom, pawg thib 12 ntawm General Cheremisov tau tawm tsam. Lub hauv ntej ntawm pab tub rog Austrian tau tawg los ntawm Yamnitsa. Lub 26th Austro-Hungarian Corps tau swb tag nrho (nws cov seem tau raug tshem tawm thiab muab pov rau hauv 40th German Reserve Corps). Thaum nruab hnub, cov yeeb ncuab poob ntau dua 7 txhiab tus neeg thiab 48 rab phom tsuas yog cov neeg raug kaw. Tag nrho hav Bystritsa nyob hauv peb txhais tes. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 26 (Lub Xya Hli 9), peb cov tub rog tau tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam. Kev txhawb nqa German ntxiv thiab cov tub rog 13 tau raug thim rov qab. Cov tub rog German sab qab teb khoov nws sab xis, uas tau nthuav tawm tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm 26 lub cev. Cov tub rog ntawm pawg thib 11 thiab 19th thiab pawg Kornilov tshiab poob siab ua rau lawv tus kheej hauv cov kev sib ntaus sib tua no.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 27-28 (Lub Xya Hli 10-11), peb cov tub rog tseem txuas ntxiv mus. Cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Pawg Tub Rog thib 8 tau txais Brusilov thiab Kaledin kev coj noj coj ua. Kornilov txuas ntxiv lawv, nws tau raug hlub thiab hwm los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog. Kev poob siab ntawm cov tub rog thib 12 tau hla mus rau Lomnitsa, ntawm sab xis ntawm pab tub rog Zaamurians coj Galich nrog tshuab nrawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov chav ntawm Zaamur thib 1 thiab 4 tau coj 2 txhiab tus neeg raug kaw thiab 26 phom. Qhov kev faib 164 tau tuaj yeem tawm tsam cov neeg German sai sai thiab coj Kalush, cov neeg German tau khiav tawm. Hauv qhov kev ua phem rau Kalush, peb cov tub rog tau nqa 1,000 tus neeg raug kaw thiab 13 rab phom. Tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Austrian thib 3, Terstiansky, raug tso tawm, thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Austro-German pem hauv ntej, Leopold ntawm Bavaria, tau xa Litzman mus rau Lomnitsa, uas twb tau cawm Austro-Hungarian pab tub rog ib xyoos dhau los. Rau ob hnub tom ntej, Kornilov sib npaug pem hauv ntej, rub tawm cov tub rog lagging. Qhov tsis muaj cov tub rog loj nyob hauv qhov chaw raug, qhov teeb meem tas li ntawm peb cov tub rog hauv kev ua tsov rog no tsis tso cai rau peb txhim kho kev kov yeej. Ib qho ntxiv, Lomnica raug dej nyab ntau heev, cuam tshuam nrog kev ua ntej ntawm pab tub rog, cov yeeb ncuab tau rhuav tshem txoj kev hla.
Commander-in-Chief Gutor npaj rov pib ua phem rau lub Rau Hli 30 (Lub Xya Hli 13). Pawg tub rog thib 11 yuav tsum tawm tsam Zlochev, thib 7 - txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab ua ntej, pab tub rog thib 8 - mus tua Rogatin thiab Zhidachev. Nrog rau ob sab kev pab ntawm pab tub rog 11 thiab 8, nws tau npaj los tuav cov tub rog German sab qab teb hauv cov pincers. Ob peb hnub tom ntej no, ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm Lub Hauv Paus, Sab Hnub Poob, Sab Qaum Teb thiab Romanian tau xav tias yuav pib ua phem. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo siab nrog "kev ywj pheej", cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, Sab Qaum Teb thiab Romanian rov lees txais los tuav cov rooj sib tham, pov npav, tsis xav tawm tsam, thiab kev ua haujlwm tau ncua rau ob peb hnub. Ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob, vim muaj kev sib sau los ntawm cov tub rog coob, qhov kev tawm tsam kuj tseem raug ncua ib hnub dhau ib hnub thiab tos kom txog thaum cov yeeb ncuab rub tawm cov peev nyiaj thiab pib tawm tsam.
Kornilov nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tub rog
German counteroffensive
Austro-German hais kom tsis txhob tos cov neeg Lavxias kom ua tiav qhov kev tawm tsam thiab npaj lawv cov kev tawm tsam. Berlin paub tias pab tub rog Fab Kis tsis npaj phiaj xwm loj rau Sab Hnub Poob. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hmo ua ntej ntawm kev tawm tsam Lavxias, 7 xaiv Tus Saib Xyuas kev sib cais ntawm pawg thib 3 thiab thib 10 tau xa los ntawm Fabkis mus rau Lavxias pem hauv ntej. Kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tub rog no tseem nyob hauv Fab Kis, thiab cov tub rog tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm 23 qhov tshwj tseg, 51st thiab Beskydy corps ntawm Zlochevsky tshem tawm. Cov tub rog no tuaj txog hauv Galicia tom qab kev tawm tsam Lavxias ntawm 11 thiab 7th pab tub rog poob. Ob qhov kev sib faib raug xa mus cawm pab tub rog Austrian thib 3 ntawm Lomnica, thiab qhov seem tau mus rau Zborov, tsim Zlochevsky kev tshem tawm ntawm General Winkler ntawm sab xis ntawm 2nd Austro-Hungarian pab tub rog. Cov neeg Austrians tau txhawb lawv cov tub rog nrog kev sib cais los ntawm Italian pem hauv ntej. Tus thawj coj-Thawj Coj ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Leopold ntawm Bavaria, tau xaj kom Zlochevsky sib cais kom tawm tsam kev tawm tsam hauv kev coj ua dav dav ntawm Tarnopol txhawm rau rov ua txoj haujlwm poob. Txog qhov no, Zlochevsky kev sib cais tau coj mus rau 12 kev sib cais (11 ntawm lawv yog German) thiab tsom mus rau sab laug ntawm sab laug ntawm Lavxias 11 Army.
Kev sib sau ntawm peb cov tub rog tseem tsis tau ua tiav, thaum thaum kaj ntug thaum Lub Xya Hli 6 (19), Austro-German pab tub rog tau tawm tsam sai sai, npaj los ntawm kev luv tab sis tsoo ntawm 600 phom thiab 180 phom. Cov hmoov tshauv tau tsoo los ntawm 25 lub nkoj, uas tsis tau qhia txawm tias qhov qis kawg nkaus. Kev rhuav tshem 6th Grenadier Division tau sib cais thiab tag nrho cov tub rog tau khiav tawm. Los ntawm Grenadier Division, uas poob nws qib, nws muaj peev xwm sau txog 200 tus neeg. Cov tub rog tawm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txog 3 txhiab tus neeg raug kaw thiab 10 phom. Cov neeg German tau dhau los ntawm qhov kev ua tiav no. Lawv tawm tsam cov neeg nyob ze 5 Siberian Corps, tab sis 6th Siberian Division tau tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam. Cov neeg Germans tsis kov Siberians ntxiv lawm thiab xa lub tshuab mus rau sab qab teb.
Lub davhlau ntawm 25 Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog tau ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo tagnrho. Nws txoj kev thim rov qab coj mus rau kev tawm tsam ntawm pawg neeg 17th. General Erdeli tau sim tawm tsam nrog 49th Corps, tab sis nws tau raug thim rov qab thiab cov tub rog no tau rub mus rau hauv lub dav hlau dav hlau ntawm kev tawm mus. Tus Saib Xyuas 1 thiab Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog 5 tau thim rov qab tom qab lawv. Pab tub rog thib 11 tau poob sib nrug thiab ntog rov qab. Txoj cai flank ntawm 7th Army, nthuav tawm los ntawm kev ya dav hlau ntawm pab tub rog 11, tau tawm tsam, thiab General Belkovich pib thim nws dhau ntawm Zolotaya Lipa. Desertion tau mus txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Yog li, ib pab tub rog poob siab, xa mus rau tom qab ntawm pab tub rog 11 raws li kev tshem tawm, hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog Volochisk, tau ntes 12 txhiab tus neeg khiav tawm hauv ib hmo.
Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pab tub rog 11 hauv lawv cov xov tooj mus rau cov lus txib tau piav qhia qhov xwm txheej raws li hauv qab no: "Hauv qhov kev xav ntawm cov koog tsis ntev los no tau txav mus los tom ntej los ntawm kev ua siab loj ntawm cov neeg tsawg, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab ua rau tsis zoo. Kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tau nrawm nrawm. Feem ntau ntawm cov seem yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm kev nce kev puas tsuaj. Tsis muaj kev hais lus ntawm lub hwj chim thiab mloog lus ntxiv, kev yaum thiab kev ntseeg tau poob lawv lub zog - lawv tau teb nrog kev hem, thiab qee zaum nrog kev tua … Qee chav nyob tawm ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm yam tsis tau kev tso cai, txawm tias tsis tos tus yeeb ncuab txoj kev. Rau ntau pua mais mus rau tom qab, muaj kab ntawm cov neeg khiav dim nrog thiab tsis muaj phom - noj qab nyob zoo, muaj zog, zoo nkaus li tsis raug txim. Qee zaum tag nrho cov seem tawm zoo li ntawd … ".
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 8 (21), nws twb yog kev puas tsuaj rau tag nrho Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob. Tib hnub ntawd, General Gutor raug tshem tawm ntawm kev hais kom ua. Brusilov tau tsa Kornilov tus thawj coj ua tus thawj. "Ntawm thaj chaw, uas tsis tuaj yeem hu ua kev sib ntaus sib tua, muaj qhov txaus ntshai, txaj muag thiab txaj muag, uas cov tub rog Lavxias tsis paub txij thaum pib ntawm nws lub neej," qhov no yog li cas Kornilov piav qhia txoj haujlwm ntawm nws xub ntiag. Nws tau xaj kom Pawg Tub Rog thib 11 thiab 7th thim dhau ntawm Seret. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, pab tub rog thib 8 yuav tsum tau thim rov qab, thiab tsuas yog nyob hauv Galich thiab Kalush yuav tsum raug swb yam tsis muaj kev sib ntaus.
Zlochevsky tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab, txav mus yuav luag yam tsis tau ntsib kev tawm tsam, tig los ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus yuav luag ntawm lub kaum sab xis mus rau sab qab teb. Sab nraub qaum ntawm 7 tus tub rog Lavxias raug tsoo. General Winkler, tsoo 11 pab tub rog, tawm tsam pab tub rog 7 nyob rau sab nraub qaum thiab nraub qaum. Hmoov zoo, cov neeg German tsis muaj tub rog caij nees. Lub Bavarian Cavalry Division tau yav tas los xa mus rau Galich kom muaj Kornilov's 8th Army. Txwv tsis pub, qhov xwm txheej rau Lavxias cov kev pabcuam tom qab yuav dhau los ua qhov txaus ntshai. Tag nrho pab pawg ntawm Böhm-Ermoli pab tub rog (2nd Austro-Hungarian Army, South German Army thiab 3rd Austro-Hungarian Army) tau tawm tsam. Cov tub rog Sab Qab Teb German tau nias rau 7th pab tub rog Lavxias los ntawm sab xub ntiag. Cov tub rog Austro-Hungarian thib 3 ua tib zoo ua raws pab tub rog thib 8, tsis txhob ua siab phem rau nws. Austro-German cov lus txib, tseem tsis tau paub txog qhov loj ntawm kev puas tsuaj uas tau ua rau cov yeeb ncuab, yuam kom cov tub rog tsis txhob khawb dhau Tarnopol thiab kab Seret.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 9 (22), cov tub rog 11 thiab 7 tau mus txog Seret, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem tuav ntawm kab no. Hauv Pab Tub Rog 11, Pawg 45, uas tau pab rau nws sab laug sab laug, tau pib tuav lub rooj sib tham thiab tseem tau khiav. Hauv 7 Pawg Tub Rog, Pawg Tub Ceev Xwm 22 yeem yeem tawm ntawm lub hauv ntej. Txoj cai sab xis ntawm pab tub rog thib 8, thib 3 Caucasian Corps, tau nthuav tawm thiab pib thim rov qab. Tus thawj coj tshiab ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 8, General Cheremisov, tau hais kom cov tub rog rov qab mus rau Stanislavov. Lub caij no, Kornilov tau sim cawm qhov xwm txheej los ntawm kev ua tiav nrog kev ntsuas nyuaj thiab nquag. "Pawg neeg tuag" los ntawm txoj kab hauv ntej tau tawg, qhov uas lawv yooj yim poob rau hauv pawg neeg ceeb toom, cov neeg tawm tsam thiab cov neeg khiav tawm, tau raug coj mus rau tom qab, qhov uas lawv tau pib ua lub luag haujlwm tshem tawm. Cov chav khiav tawm tau raug kaw, cov neeg khiav tawm raug ntes, cov neeg ua phem tau raug tua ntawm qhov chaw. Kev dav dav thiab txaus ntshai ntawm 10-11 (23-24) Lub Xya Hli pib hloov pauv mus rau kev tawm mus, txawm li cas los xij, nrawm thiab tsis zoo ib yam. Los ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob mus rau Bukovina, kev tswj hwm ntawm 1st Army ntawm Vannovsky tau pauv mus. Cov tub rog tshiab thib 1 tau txais Pawg Tub Rog thib 8's sab laug-flank corps. General Erdeli tau txais Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb, thiab yav dhau los tus thawj coj ntawm Pab Pawg Tshwj Xeeb, General Baluev, tau coj pab tub rog thib 11.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 10 (23), Pawg Tub Rog 11 tau nyob ntawm Stryp. Nyob rau plaub hnub ntawm kev ua tub rog puas tsuaj los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm "kev ywj pheej" Lub Ob Hlis Kev Tawm Tsam, peb cov tub rog tau tso txhua yam uas tau txais los ntawm kev ua siab loj thiab ntshav ntawm ntau pua txhiab tus tub rog Lavxias thaum plaub lub hlis ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Brusilov kev kov yeej xyoo 1916. Winkler qhov kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Tarnopol, tab sis tau rov qab los ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas Lavxias. Tus tiv thaiv Lavxias tau kov yeej Prussian ib zaug ntxiv. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev sib tsoo dav dav, cov tub rog ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas 1st thiab 2nd tau sib ntaus sib tua. Lub Xya Hli 11 (24), muaj kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj rau Tarnopol. Thaum tau tua tus Tub Rog 7, Cov Tub Rog Sab Qab Teb German tau tawm mus rau cov lus ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 8, hem nws nrog ib puag ncig. Cov tub rog thib 8 yuav tsum tawm ntawm Stanislavov. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 12 (25), Cov Neeg German tau tua tus Tub Rog Tub Rog thib 5, thiab cov neeg tiv thaiv, uas tawm mus rau ntawm ntug dej, sab laug Tarnopol. Cov tub rog thib 7 tau lees paub Buchach thiab Monasterzhiska. Txoj kab Strypa tau ploj lawm. Nyob rau tib hnub ntawd, Pawg Tub Rog Austro-Hungarian 7th tau tawm tsam kev ua phem, Lavxias 1st Army, tso kev tawm tsam, maj mam pib thim tawm nrog rau kev tawm tsam dav dav ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob.
Thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Xya Hli 12 (25), Kornilov tau kos npe xaj xaj kom rov qab dav dav mus rau xeev ciam teb. Chervonnaya Rus thiab Bukovina ua rau cov yeeb ncuab. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 13-14 (26-27), peb cov tub rog thaum kawg tawm ntawm Galicia, hnub tim 15 peb cov tub rog tau rov qab hla Zbruch. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov tub rog Lavxias tau nres ntawm txoj kab Brody-Zbarazh, r. Zbruch. Los ntawm kev ntsuas nquag thiab txiav txim siab, Kornilov tau teeb tsa tus txheeb ze nyob tom qab thiab ua rau cov thawj coj rov kho kev txiav txim hauv pab tub rog.
Cuam tshuam los ntawm nws txoj kev ua tiav, Suav Botmer txiav txim siab yuam Zbruch thiab tawm tsam Podolia. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 16 (29), Cov tub rog German sab qab teb tau tawm tsam tag nrho hauv ntej thiab, yam tsis tau xav txog lawv tus kheej, cov neeg German thiab Austrians tau txais kev tawm tsam nyuaj. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 17 (30), Austro-German pab tub rog tau rov sim tua, tab sis ntsib nrog kev tawm tsam los ntawm pab pawg 7 thiab 8. Hnub tom ntej, Cov Tub Rog Yav Qab Teb tau rov tawm tsam tag nrho pem hauv ntej, tab sis ua tiav tsuas yog kev ua tiav hauv nroog. Cov tub rog Austro-German thiab Turkish tau qaug zog. Kornilov tau xaj ib qho kev tawm tsam dav dav. Nov yog nws qhov kev txiav txim zaum kawg uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub hauv ntej. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 19, nws tau raug xaiv los ua Tus Thawj Coj Loj Tshaj Plaws thiab muab lub hauv paus rau General Baluev. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 19 (Lub Yim Hli 1), Cov tub rog Lavxias tau rhuav tshem cov neeg German Beskid thiab 25 Austro-Hungarian. Gusyatin tau tawm tsam, cov yeeb ncuab raug pov rov qab dhau Zbruch. Yim-hnub kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Zbruch tau xaus nrog kev yeej ntawm Lavxias caj npab, tab sis nws tseem nyob hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm kev swb yeej thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tebchaws thiab pab tub rog.
Cov txiaj ntsig
Kerensky qhov "ua phem", tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib zog los ntawm cov phoojywg thiab Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws, uas xav txhawb nws lub meej mom nyob hauv lub tebchaws thiab ntawm Entente lub zog, ua tsis tiav. Cov lus ceeb toom ntawm cov thawj coj, uas tau taw qhia tias cov tub rog tawg, tsis kam tawm tsam rau "bourgeois thiab cov peev txheej" ntev dua, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsuas yog muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej, tsis tau hnov dua. Nyob rau hnub ntxov, cov tub rog Lavxias, siv cov phom loj sib xyaw ua ke, ua rau Austro-German cov tub rog tsis muaj zog nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, ua tiav qee qhov ua tiav, tshwj xeeb yog pab tub rog thib 8 ntawm Kornilov. Tab sis tsis ntev cov tub rog npaj ua ntej tshaj plaws, suav nrog "cov tub rog tuag", tau tso ntshav tawm, tsis muaj cov tub rog caij tsheb los tsim kev kov yeej, cov tub rog tsis xav tawm tsam, cov tub rog tau tso tseg ntau yam, tuav cov rooj sib tham, sab laug txoj haujlwm txawm tias tsis muaj yeeb ncuab siab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum cov yeeb ncuab hais kom siv cov peev txheej thiab teeb tsa kev tawm tsam, pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tub rog uas vam meej tsuas yog tawg. Cov neeg Germans ntau dua li tsis yooj yim mus tom ntej yam tsis muaj kev tawm tsam. Cov koog uas tseem tab tom tawm tsam yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus, raws li lawv cov neeg nyob sib ze tau khiav tawm. Yog li, pem hauv ntej dov rov qab rau lub xeev ciam teb, tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm qhov hnyav, ntshav sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov phiaj xwm yav dhau los tau ploj. Kornilov, tau xaiv los ntawm tus thawj coj ua ntej, coj tus txheeb ze txiav txim nrog nyuaj nyuaj thiab nres tus yeeb ncuab tawm tsam.
Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qaum Teb, uas tau xa cov pab cuam tawm tsam, pom lawv tus kheej hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws. Cov tub rog yooj yim tsis xav tawm tsam. Sab qaum teb pem hauv ntej "nce qib" thaum Lub Xya Hli 8-10 (21-23), tab sis kev tawm tsam tsis ua tiav. Lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm tau tshaj tawm rau Lub Hauv Paus: "Tsuas yog ob qhov kev sib faib tawm ntawm rau rau tus muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tau … Qhov kev faib ua feem thib 36, uas tau siv ob kab yeeb ncuab trench thiab tab tom taug kev thib peb, tig rov qab los ntawm kev qw nrov nrov tom qab; Lub Tsev Haujlwm 182nd tau tsav mus rau lub taub hau los ntawm kev siv caj npab; thaum cov yeeb ncuab qhib rab phom loj rau ntawm pawg sib faib, lawv qhib qhov hluav taws kub tsis cais leej twg ntawm lawv tus kheej. Los ntawm pawg 120th, tsuas yog ib pab tub rog tau tawm tsam. "Tsuas yog Revel Death Shock Battalion tau tawm tsam ua siab loj. Tab sis cov neeg tsav nkoj poob siab tau kawm tsis zoo thiab raug kev txom nyem txaus ntshai.
Kev tawm tsam ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau ua los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog thib 10. Tus thawj coj hauv ntej Denikin paub tias cov tub rog yuav tsis tawm tsam. Nws tuaj nrog cov lus dag nkaus xwb, xau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua phem rau cov ntawv xov xwm kom cov yeeb ncuab yuav tsis thim cov tub rog tawm ntawm nws xub ntiag mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb. Rau peb hnub, rab phom loj tau ua rau pem hauv ntej, uas nyob hauv qhov chaw tau rhuav tshem tus yeeb ncuab txoj kab tiv thaiv tag nrho, hauv qhov chaw ua rau nws tsis ncaj ncees. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm 14 qhov kev sib faib npaj rau kev tawm tsam, tsuas yog 7 mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam, ntawm uas 4 tau dhau los ua kev npaj sib ntaus. hnub kawg. Ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm Lub Hauv Paus thaum Lub Xya Hli 16 (29), tus thawj coj ntawm Western Front, General Denikin, tau tshaj tawm: "Cov koog tau txav mus rau kev tawm tsam, taug kev ob lossis peb kab yeeb ncuab kab hauv kev ua koob tsheej thiab …. rov qab mus rau lawv cov trenches. Kev ua haujlwm tau thwarted. Kuv muaj 184 pab tub rog thiab 900 phom nyob hauv 19-verst sector; cov yeeb ncuab muaj 17 pawg tub rog nyob hauv thawj kab thiab 12 hauv kev khaws cia nrog 300 phom. 138 pawg tub rog tau raug coj mus ua rog tawm tsam 17, thiab 900 rab phom tawm tsam 300 ". Yog li, peb cov tub rog tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ua lej, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem siv nws, vim tias lawv tau tawg tag.
Lub Rau Hli qhov kev tawm tsam ua rau pom qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kev tawm tsam ntawm Petrograd garrison, uas tsis xav mus rau pem hauv ntej. Anarchists thiab Bolsheviks tau txais koob meej ntawm lawv. 3-5 (16-18) Lub Xya Hli, muaj kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 1st Machine-Gun Regiment, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Petrograd cov chaw tsim khoom, cov neeg tsav nkoj Kronstadt raws li cov lus hais ntawm kev tshem tawm tam sim ntawm Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Ib Ntus thiab hloov pauv lub zog rau Soviets. Kev tsis txaus ntseeg tau tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes ncaj qha ntawm cov neeg tsis ntseeg siab thiab ib feem ntawm Bolsheviks. Qhov no coj mus rau txoj cai nruj ntawm Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Ib Ntus. Kerensky hloov Lvov ua tus thawj coj ntawm tsoomfwv, khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab tub rog. Kornilov tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj loj tshaj plaws. Petrograd thiab Petrograd cov tub rog nyob rau hauv 45th Infantry thiab 14 Cavalry Kev Sib cais uas tau tuaj txog ntawm pem hauv ntej (qhov no qhia tau tias Tsar Nicholas muaj lub sijhawm ua tub rog tshem tawm ntawm Lub Ob Hlis-Lub Peb Hlis coup). Bolshevik Party tau raug liam tias yog neeg saib xyuas thiab ua phem rau hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes. Trotsky, Krylenko thiab qee tus neeg tawm tsam tau raug ntes (txawm hais tias lawv raug tso tawm sai). Lenin thiab Zinoviev tau khiav tawm ntawm Petrograd thiab mus rau txoj haujlwm tsis raug cai. Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj pov thawj txaus ntseeg ntawm Lenin kev ua haujlwm zais cia tau nthuav tawm.
Lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Petrograd garrison
