Blitzkrieg era tso tsheb hlau luam (ntu 2)

Blitzkrieg era tso tsheb hlau luam (ntu 2)
Blitzkrieg era tso tsheb hlau luam (ntu 2)

Video: Blitzkrieg era tso tsheb hlau luam (ntu 2)

Video: Blitzkrieg era tso tsheb hlau luam (ntu 2)
Video: Koj mus ua neej zoo li cas lawm 11/16/2018 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

“Kev ua xyem xyav tshwm sim txhua lub sijhawm. Tsis sib xws rau txhua qhov kev ua xyem xyav, tsuas yog cov uas muaj peev xwm ua tau hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej yuav ua tiav. Cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav xav zam txim rau qhov ua tsis raug dua li ua tsis tiav."

(G. Guderian. "Tank, forward!" Txhais los ntawm German. M., Kev Tshaj Tawm Tub Rog, 1957)

Nws hloov tawm tias nyob rau ntawm qhov ua ntej ntawm kev tawm tsam Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, Cov Neeg German tau ua tiav qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua tub rog ntawm lawv cov tso tsheb hlau luam hla lub tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm, thiab siab dua txhua tus USSR, yog tias koj tsis suav nrog T -34 thiab KV tso tsheb hlau luam, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tseem tsis tau "ua rau siab" thiab muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo sib xws. Lwm qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog 30 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, uas tsis nyob hauv feem ntau ntawm Soviet lub tsheb, thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub plhaub thiab phom ntawm cov ntawv T-26 thiab BT twb tau sau tseg. Tseeb, qhov kev hais kom ua ntawm Red Army hauv xyoo 1938 tau sim txhim kho lawv thiab tau xaj xaj rab phom 45-mm tshiab nrog txhim kho cov yam ntxwv zoo rau lub turret tshiab ntawm T-26 thiab BT-7 tso tsheb hlau luam. Lub foob pob ua ntxaij rab phom ntawm rab phom tshiab uas hnyav 1, 42 kg xav tias yuav tsum tau ceev ntawm 860 m / s thiab, ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1000 m, txhawm rau 40 mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev sib ntsib 30 degrees. Txawm li cas los xij, ua haujlwm rau nws yeej tsis tau ua tiav nrog kev ua tiav.

Blitzkrieg era tso tsheb hlau luam (ntu 2)
Blitzkrieg era tso tsheb hlau luam (ntu 2)

"Matilda" cov. Lub tank tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej zoo nyob ze Moscow, tab sis … nws muaj qhov tsis zoo maneuverability ntawm Lavxias dej khov! (Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Latrun)

Hauv tebchaws Askiv, kev txhim kho cov phom phom zoo pib hauv xyoo 1935, thiab xyoo 1938 ob-phaus nrawm-tua hluav taws OQF Mk 9 40mm '(lossis theej 42mm) rab phom tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam. Nws cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rab phom hnyav 0.921 kg tau pib ua ntej ntawm 848 m / s thiab, ntawm qhov deb ntawm 450 m, tau hle lub phaj hlau tiv thaiv 57 hli tuab thaum nws tau qaij ntawm 30 degrees, uas yog qhov qhia tau zoo heev nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Tab sis … xyoo 1936, tsuas yog 42 lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam tau tsim hauv tebchaws Askiv, xyoo 1937 - 32, thiab xyoo 1938 - 419, feem ntau ntawm lawv yog siv rab phom rab phom tshuab. Hauv tebchaws Asmeskas, rab phom loj 37-mm, muaj peev xwm nkag tau 48 mm tuab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm qhov deb ntawm 457 m, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1938. Hais txog kev nkag mus rau tej cuab yeej, nws zoo tshaj qhov sib xws ntawm Czech thiab German phom, tab sis qis dua British 40-mm tank phom. Txawm li cas los xij, thawj cov tso tsheb hlau luam uas nws tuaj yeem teeb tsa tau tshwm sim txawv teb chaws tsuas yog xyoo 1939!

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Thawj lub tank Soviet nrog 60 mm tuab tiv thaiv rab phom tiv thaiv phom yog T-46-5.

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Hmoov zoo, cov dab nrog 152, 107 thiab 45-mm rab phom, nrog rau lub foob pob hluav taws, muaj nyob ntawm no tsuas yog hauv cov ntoo dummies. Tank T-39 thiab nws cov kev hloov pauv.

Txhua yam no, txawm li cas los xij, yog kev txhawb siab tsis muaj zog rau Heinz Guderian, uas tau paub txog kev lag luam muaj zog ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees cov neeg tawm tsam thiab paub tias txawm tias tam sim no Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Askiv tsis muaj lub tank txaus, qhov no tsis txhais tau tias lawv yuav yog tsis muaj., thiab tej zaum yuav muaj ntau ntawm lawv tom qab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, paub zoo txog peev txheej kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees nws tus kheej, nws nkag siab tias nws yuav tsis muaj ntau lub tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm nws qhov pov tseg, thiab sim ua kom tau zoo tshaj plaws los qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsheb uas nws muaj. Nws tus kheej tau tsim txoj cai lij choj ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tub rog, raws li cov tsheb thauj khoom yuav tsum tau tswj lub tank tsis muaj teeb meem, ob hnub thiab hmo ntuj, tua kom raug, tuaj yeem saib xyuas lawv lub tsheb thiab tswj nws cov txheej txheem hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lawv tus kheej. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov neeg tsav tsheb tank tau raug xaiv thiab tau kawm. Yog tias, tom qab thawj qhov kev qhia ua tau zoo, cov kws qhia tsis tau pom ib qho kev nce qib hauv cov tub rog, tom qab ntawd lawv tau raug xa mus rau cov neeg tua phom lossis cov thauj khoom. Cov neeg tsav tsheb tau raug cob qhia kom txav mus los hauv kab, uas ntau mais tau npaj rau 2-3 hnub raws txoj kev tshwj xeeb.

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Txhua yam zoo li hauv kev ua rog. Ua haujlwm ntawm T-34 tus qauv tau ua tiav hauv lub tsev txias!

Qhov tseeb ntawm chav kawm uas lawv ua raws tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov neeg taug kev los ntawm Kriegsmarine, thiab cov kws qhia los ntawm Luftwaffe, tsis muaj cov mos txwv, qhia cov neeg tua phom kos duab kom raug. Cov neeg nqa khoom yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua kom tau raws li tus txheej txheem nruj rau thauj cov phom phom, muab qhov hluav taws kub ntau los ntawm lub tank, thiab cov phom yuav tsum tau tua hluav taws sai thiab raug ntawm lub hom phiaj, uas tus thawj coj tau qhia rau lawv. Cov tub rog tau mob siab rau lawv lub sijhawm dawb los saib xyuas lub tank, thiab tseem mob siab rau koom nrog kev tawm dag zog lub cev, uas tau txiav txim siab tseem ceeb rau lawv, txij li, los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm lawv cov kev pabcuam, cov tub rog yuav tsum ua nrog nqa hnyav txhua lub sijhawm. Cov tub rog zoo tshaj plaws tau txhawb, qhov phem tshaj tau raug tshuaj xyuas tas li.

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"Kev sim hiav txwv"

Tom qab Soviet tankmen nco qab: "Yog tias lub tank German nco koj nrog thawj qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, tom qab ntawd nws yeej tsis plam qhov thib ob." Ob yam tseem ceeb: qhov pom tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev qhia zoo muab rau German tankers tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tua.

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Bundesarchiv: yees duab ntawm T-34 tawg. Lub caij ntuj sov 1942. Qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov roj hmab tau ua rau pom cov log no. Cov suab nrov los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tuaj yeem hnov rau ob peb kilometers!

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Lwm daim duab los ntawm Bundesarchive. T-34 rhuav tshem ntawm txoj kev ntawm Stalingrad. Qhov chaw uas lub plhaub tsoo raug pom meej. Thiab muaj ob peb hits. Vim li cas qhov no? Puas yog nws muaj peev xwm nres lub tank nrog ntaus ib zaug? Pom tseeb yog li, yog tias muaj tsib ntawm lawv!

Tab sis dab tsi yog qhov xwm txheej hauv Red Army nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, peb saib qhov kev txiav txim ntawm NKO No. 0349 ntawm Kaum Ob Hlis 10, 1940, uas txhawm rau txuag cov khoom siv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau hnyav thiab nruab nrab (T-35, KV, T-28, T-34) thiab "tswj hwm lawv nyob rau hauv kev npaj sib ntaus sib tua tas li nrog cov peev txheej ntau tshaj plaws" rau kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev tsav tsheb thiab tua, tso ua ke lub tank thiab cov qauv, tso cai siv sijhawm 30 teev hauv ib xyoos ntawm txhua lub tsheb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua kev cob qhia, thiab 15 teev rau kev sib ntaus *. Txhua qhov kev tawm dag zog tau hais kom ua ntawm T-27 tso tsheb hlau luam (ob lub tankettes!); T-27s raug cais tawm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog phom loj thiab kev tsim thiab tau hloov mus rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib faib tank ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10 tso tsheb hlau luam rau txhua tus tub rog. Qhov tseeb, qhov no zoo ib yam li kev kawm tsav tsheb npav lossis thauj khoom hnyav thaum tsav tsheb me me zoo li niaj hnub no Oka lossis Matis.

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T-34-76 tsim los ntawm STZ. Cov seem ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm lub dav hlau German nyob ze Voronezh. Xyoo 1942. (Bundesarchiv)

Qhov no yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntau qhov teeb meem kev siv ntawm Soviet cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Yog li, T-34-76 tso tsheb hlau luam, tsim tawm xyoo 1940-1942, rau txhua qhov lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig, muaj ntau qhov tsis xws luag, uas tsuas yog tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm 1943-1944. Kev ntseeg tau ntawm "lub plawv ntawm lub tank" - nws lub cav tau qis heev. Kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm 100 lub sijhawm teev rau diesel-2 ntawm qhov sawv ntsug tau ua tiav tsuas yog xyoo 1943, thaum German-ua Maybach cov tshuab roj av tau yooj yim ua haujlwm 300-400 teev teev hauv lub tank.

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BA-6 V. Verevochkina txawm tua!

Cov tub ceev xwm ntawm NIBTP (Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Armored Range), uas tau sim T-34 thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1940, qhia ntau yam kev tsim qauv tsis zoo hauv nws. Hauv nws daim ntawv tshaj tawm, NIBTP txoj haujlwm tau hais ncaj qha: "Lub tank T-34 tsis ua tau raws li qhov xav tau niaj hnub no rau chav kawm ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no: lub tank lub zog tua hluav taws tsis tuaj yeem siv tau tag nrho vim qhov tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov cuab yeej soj ntsuam, qhov tsis xws luag hauv teeb tsa riam phom thiab kho qhov muag, qhov nruj ntawm qhov sib ntaus sib tua thiab qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm kev siv cov mos txwv khib; nrog lub hwj chim txaus ntawm lub cav diesel, qhov nrawm tshaj plaws, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tank tau xaiv tsis ua tiav,uas txo qhov ceev thiab maneuverability ntawm lub tank; tactical siv lub tank nyob rau hauv kev sib cais los ntawm cov hauv paus kho yog tsis yooj yim sua vim qhov tsis ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb - lub ntsiab clutch thiab chassis. Cov nroj tsuag tau thov kom nthuav dav qhov ntev ntawm lub turret thiab chav sib ntaus, uas yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag ntawm kev teeb tsa riam phom thiab kho qhov muag; los txhim kho qhov tshiab ntim cov mos txwv; hloov cov cuab yeej soj ntsuam uas twb muaj lawm nrog cov tshiab, niaj hnub no; rov ua haujlwm chav nyob ntawm lub ntsiab clutch, kiv cua, gearbox thiab chassis. Txhawm rau nce lub sijhawm lees paub ntawm V-2 lub cav diesel kom tsawg kawg 250 teev. " Tab sis los ntawm kev pib ua tsov rog, txhua qhov kev tsis txaus no tau khaws cia yuav luag tag nrho.

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BT-7 zoo nkaus li zoo li qhov tiag. Puas yog txoj kab ntawm txoj kab tsis zoo ib yam thiab kev koom tes ntawm txoj kev taug yog qhov sib txawv.

Ib qho ntxiv, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias T-34 plaub-ceev lub iav tsis ua tiav hauv kev tsim qauv thiab yooj yim tawg thaum hloov lub zog los ntawm tus tsav tsheb tsis muaj kev paub. Txhawm rau zam kev tawg, yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse, ua haujlwm kom tsis siv neeg, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog lub sijhawm teev uas tau faib rau kev tsav tsheb los ntawm kev xaj ntawm NCO. Kev tsim cov clutches kuj tsis ua tiav, uas yog vim li cas feem ntau ua tsis tiav. Cov twj tso kua roj kuj tseem tsis txaus ntseeg. Feem ntau, lub tank T-34 nyuaj rau kev tswj hwm, xav tau kev qhia siab thiab lub cev muaj zog los ntawm tus tsav tsheb. Thaum lub sijhawm taug kev ntev, tus neeg tsav tsheb tau poob 2-3 kg hauv qhov hnyav - nws nyuaj heev. Feem ntau, tus neeg siv xov tooj cua tau pab tus neeg tsav tsheb hloov lub zog. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tsis muaj qhov nyuaj nrog kev tswj hwm, thiab yog tias tus tsav tsheb tsis ua tiav, yuav luag txhua tus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem hloov nws tau yooj yim.

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Qee lub tsheb xyoo 1930 saib zoo heev. Piv txwv li, qhov no Czechoslovak BA PA-III (1929)

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R. Gorokhovsny txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv cov tsheb maus taus.

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"Hovercraft Tank". Lwm pearl ntawm R. Gorokhovsky.

Cov cuab yeej soj ntsuam T-34 suav nrog tsom iav periscopes ntawm tus tsav tsheb thiab hauv lub turret ntawm lub tank. Xws li lub periscope yog lub thawv qub nrog tsom iav ntsia ntawm lub kaum sab xis saum toj thiab hauv qab, tab sis cov tsom iav no tsis tau ua los ntawm iav, tab sis … ntawm cov hlau txhuam. Tsis xav tsis thoob, lawv cov duab zoo tau qias neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum piv rau German optics los ntawm Karl Zeiss Jena. Cov iav qub qub qub nyob hauv periscopes thiab ntawm ob sab ntawm lub turret, uas yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev soj ntsuam lub tank tus thawj coj. Nws muab tawm tias nws nyuaj heev rau nws los saib xyuas lub tshav rog thiab ua tiav lub hom phiaj.

Nws nyuaj heev ua pa hauv chav sib ntaus tom qab txhaj tshuaj vim yog cov pa luam yeeb; cov neeg coob tau hlawv tawm thaum tua, vim tus kiv cua hauv lub tank tsis muaj zog heev. Lub hatches hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, raws li txoj cai, yuav tsum raug kaw. Ntau lub nkoj thauj khoom tsis kaw lawv, txwv tsis pub nws tsis tuaj yeem taug qab qhov xwm txheej hloov pauv. Rau tib lub hom phiaj, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntawm ib lub sijhawm los lo koj lub taub hau tawm ntawm lub dawm. Tus neeg tsav tsheb kuj tseem tso lub hauv paus qhib ntawm nws txhais tes.

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Heinrich Himmler tshuaj xyuas T-34 SS faib "Das Reich" ze Kharkov (Plaub Hlis 1943). (Bundesarchiv)

Roughly zoo ib yam, uas yog, tsis yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws, yog rooj plaub nrog KV tso tsheb hlau luam, uas tseem tau nruab nrog cov clutches tsis zoo thiab cov iav. Los ntawm lub plhaub tsoo, KV feem ntau cuam tshuam lub turret, thiab T-34s feem ntau raug tsoo los ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb lub dawm, rau qee qhov laj thawj tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub npog ntsej muag. Nws kuj tseem tsis meej vim li cas hauv KV tso tsheb hlau luam cov neeg tsim khoom tau tawg, thiab tsis ncaj, zoo li ntawm T-34, phaj pem hauv ntej. Nws xav tau hlau ntau dua, thiab tsis ntxiv kev nyab xeeb rau lub tsheb hlo li.

Tsis yog tsuas yog kev qhia ntawm Soviet cov neeg ua haujlwm tank nyob rau qib qis tshaj, tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm kev hais kom ua thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qee qhov kev tsim tawm rau Lub Rau Hli 1941: hauv 35th TD ntawm 9th tus neeg ua haujlwm kho tshuab KOVO, tsis txhob siv 8 tus tub rog ua tub rog hais kom ua, muaj 3 (manning 37%), cov thawj coj hauv tuam txhab - 13 hloov 24 (54, 2%), pawg tub rog commanders - 6 siv 74 (8%). Hauv 215th MD, 22nd MK KOVO tsis muaj 5 tus tub rog hais kom ua, 13 tus thawj coj hauv tuam txhab, ua haujlwm nrog cov tub ceev xwm hais kom ua haujlwm tshiab - 31%, txuj ci - 27%.

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Soviet T-34s hauv kev pabcuam hauv German Wehrmacht. Tus thawj coj lub cupola los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam German pom ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam. Nws zoo li yog lub tswv yim zoo, tab sis … tus pej thuam, zoo li ua ntej, tseem tshuav ob npaug. Tus thawj coj ntawm lub tank, uas tseem yog tus tua phom, tau hnyav heev nrog kev saib xyuas rab phom. Thiab vim li cas nws kuj xav tau tus pej thuam? Cov yees zoo sib xws tau teeb tsa ntawm Soviet T-34 qauv 1943 nrog lub txiv ntseej. Lub pej thuam no dav dua, tab sis txhua yam zoo ib yam - tus thawj tswj hwm lub tank tsis tuaj yeem siv nws. Puas yog cov neeg Germans tsis nkag siab tiag tias nws tau poob haujlwm los tso cov turrets ntawm cov pej thuam nqaim ntawm peb caug-plaub? Tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev "lo" lub nkoj thib peb rau hauv 1941 tus qauv ntauwd!

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Tankmen ntawm 2nd SS Panzer Division "Das Reich" ntawm lawv lub tank Pz. III ze Kursk. Muaj ntau lub kaus mom zoo. Nws yog qhov yooj yim tawm ntawm lub tank hlawv! (Bundesarchiv)

Nthuav tawm yog qhov kev xav ntawm tus kheej ntawm lub tank Rem Ulanov, nrog rau kuv tus kheej tau muaj lub sijhawm los ntsib thiab sib tham thaum kuv yog tus kws kho phau ntawv xov xwm "Tankomaster": "Thaum kuv ua haujlwm hauv pab tub rog, kuv muaj lub sijhawm los nrog ntau lub tso tsheb hlau luam. thiab rab phom tua tus kheej. Kuv yog tus kws tsav tsheb-tus kws kho tsheb, tus thawj coj tsav tsheb, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm lub roj teeb, lub tuam txhab, tus tub rog, tus kws tshaj lij sim hauv Kubinka thiab ntawm qhov chaw qhia hauv Bobochino (Leningrad Oblast). Txhua lub tank muaj nws tus kheej "kev tso cai" rau kev tswj hwm, kov yeej cov teeb meem, tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hloov pauv. Kom yooj yim ntawm kev tswj hwm, Kuv yuav tso German T-III thiab T-IV tso tsheb hlau luam ua ntej … Kuv nco ntsoov tias kev tsav tsheb Pz. IV tsis tau nkees vim qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov qib; Lub rooj nrog lub nraub qaum kuj tau hloov pauv kom yooj yim - hauv peb lub tso tsheb hlau luam lub rooj zaum ntawm tus tsav tsheb -tshuab tsis muaj nraub qaum. Tsuas yog qhov khaus khaus ntawm lub zog ntawm kev sib kis thiab cua sov los ntawm nws, uas ua rau sab xis. Lub cav 300-horsepower Maybach tau pib yooj yim thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Pz. IV tau tshee hnyo, nws qhov kev ncua tau nruj dua Pz. III, tab sis softer dua li T-34. Lub tank German tau dav dua li peb caug peb-plaub. Qhov chaw yooj yim ntawm lub qhov taub, suav nrog hauv ob sab ntawm lub turret, tso cai rau cov neeg coob, yog tias tsim nyog, kom tawm hauv lub tank sai sai …"

* Hnub no, cov uas tau kawm paub tsav tsheb hauv qeb "B", raws li txoj haujlwm tau pom zoo los ntawm Ministry, yuav tsum caij skate ntawm lub tsheb cob qhia nrog tus kws qhia rau 56 teev ntawm lub tsheb nrog phau ntawv xa lossis 54 teev nrog tsis siv neeg kis tau tus mob Rau cov uas kawm ua tus tsav tsheb (qeb "C"), txoj haujlwm muab 72 teev rau phau ntawv qhia thiab 70 rau kev xa khoom tsis siv neeg. Thiab qhov no yog rau cov neeg niaj hnub nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb kev siv tshuab. Rau cov neeg nrhiav neeg nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab txawm cog rau hauv lub tank, txawm tias 100 teev yuav pom meej tsis txaus!

Pom zoo: