Kev sib ntaus sib tua loj ntawm Kursk tau pib 70 xyoo dhau los. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk Bulge yog ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob hais txog nws cov peev txheej, lub zog thiab txhais tau tias koom nrog, kev nruj, cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev ua tub rog. Kev Tsov Rog Loj Kursk tau kav 50 hnub thiab hmo ntuj tsis txaus ntseeg (Lub Xya Hli 5 - Lub Yim Hli 23, 1943). Hauv Soviet thiab Lavxias keeb kwm keeb kwm, nws yog ib txwm faib kev sib ntaus sib tua no ua ob theem thiab peb txoj haujlwm: theem tiv thaiv - Kursk tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm (Lub Xya Hli 5-12); ua phem - Oryol (Lub Xya Hli 12 - Lub Yim Hli 18) thiab Belgorod -Kharkov (Lub Yim Hli 3 - 23) kev ua phem Cov neeg German hu ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm "Citadel". Kwv yees li 2, 2 lab tus tib neeg, kwv yees li 7, 7 txhiab tus tso tsheb hlau luam, siv phom tua tus kheej thiab tua phom, ntau dua 29 txhiab rab phom thiab phom (nrog rau khaws cia ntau dua 35 txhiab), ntau dua 4 txhiab lub dav hlau sib ntaus.
Thaum lub caij ntuj no 1942-1943. kev tawm tsam ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab thiab yuam kom tshem tawm ntawm Soviet pab tub rog thaum Kharkov tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm xyoo 1943, yog li ntawd. Kursk cheeb tsam. Kursk Bulge, sab hnub poob tig mus rau sab hnub tuaj, tau txog 200 km dav thiab mus txog 150 km tob. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis - Lub Rau Hli 1943, ncua sijhawm ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, thaum lub sijhawm Soviet thiab German cov tub rog ua haujlwm hnyav npaj rau lub caij ntuj sov, uas yog los txiav txim siab hauv kev ua rog no.
Cov tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb thiab Voronezh tau nyob ntawm Kursk qhov tseem ceeb, ua rau muaj kev phom sij thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm pab tub rog German "Chaw" thiab "Sab Qab Teb". Nyob rau hauv lem, German hais kom ua, tau tsim muaj zog pab pawg poob siab rau ntawm Oryol thiab Belgorod-Kharkov tus choj taub hau, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov tub rog Soviet tiv thaiv hauv cheeb tsam Kursk, puag ncig lawv thiab rhuav tshem lawv.
Cov phiaj xwm thiab quab yuam ntawm ob tog
Lub teb chaws Yelemees. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1943, thaum lub zog ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam tau nkees thiab muaj qhov thaw, tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam sai, nws yog lub sijhawm los npaj cov phiaj xwm rau lub caij ntuj sov. Txawm hais tias swb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad thiab Tsov Rog Caucasus, Wehrmacht khaws nws lub zog ua phem thiab yog yeeb ncuab txaus ntshai heev uas xav ua pauj kua zaub ntsuab. Ntxiv mus, German cov lus txib tau ua ntau qhov kev ntsuas kev tawm tsam thiab thaum pib lub phiaj xwm lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1943, sib piv nrog cov tub rog thaum pib ntawm kev sib tw rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1942, cov Wehrmacht tau nce. Ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob, tsis suav nrog SS thiab Tub Rog Tub Rog, muaj 3.1 lab tus tib neeg, yuav luag zoo ib yam li hauv Wehrmacht thaum pib ntawm kev tawm tsam rau Sab Hnub Tuaj thaum Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941 - 3.2 lab tus tib neeg. Hais txog tus naj npawb ntawm kev tsim, Wehrmacht ntawm xyoo 1943 tus qauv tau tshaj li cov tub rog German ntawm 1941 lub sijhawm.
Txog rau German cov lus txib, tsis zoo li Soviet, tos-thiab-pom lub tswv yim, kev tiv thaiv dawb huv tsis tuaj yeem lees txais. Moscow tuaj yeem tos tos nrog kev ua phem loj, lub sijhawm tau ua rau nws - lub zog ntawm cov tub rog tau nce, cov lag luam tau khiav tawm mus rau sab hnub tuaj pib ua haujlwm puv ntoob (lawv txawm tias nce kev tsim khoom piv rau qib ua ntej ua tsov rog), ib feem kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv German tom qab tau nthuav tawm. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsaws ntawm Allied cov tub rog nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe thiab qhib qhov thib ob pem hauv ntej tau loj hlob. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tsis muaj peev xwm los tsim kev tiv thaiv ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Tuaj, uas nthuav los ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Arctic mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub. Tshwj xeeb, Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb raug yuam kom tiv thaiv nrog 32 kev faib ua ntej mus txog 760 km ntev - los ntawm Taganrog ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub mus rau thaj tsam Sumy. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov rog tau tso cai rau Soviet pab tub rog, yog tias tus yeeb ncuab txwv lawv tus kheej rau kev tiv thaiv nkaus xwb, kom ua haujlwm tsis txaus siab nyob rau ntau qhov haujlwm ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Tuaj, tsom mus rau qhov ntau kawg ntawm cov rog thiab cov peev txheej, rub tawm cov peev txheej. Cov tub rog German tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li kev tiv thaiv nkaus xwb, qhov no yog txoj hauv kev kom swb. Tsuas yog kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv xov tooj, nrog kev kov yeej ntawm cov kab hauv ntej, nkag mus rau sab xub ntiag thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, tso cai rau peb cia siab rau lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Qhov kev vam meej loj nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj tau muab kev cia siab, yog tias tsis yog rau yeej hauv kev ua tsov rog, tom qab ntawd rau kev daws teeb meem kev nom kev tswv txaus siab.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 13, 1943, Adolf Hitler tau kos npe rau Kev Ua Haujlwm No. 5, uas nws tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm ntawm kev npaj ua ntej ntawm pab tub rog Soviet thiab "kom ua raws li nws lub siab nyiam yam tsawg ib ntawm cov haujlwm hauv ntej." Hauv lwm cov haujlwm ntawm sab xub ntiag, txoj haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog raug txo kom ntshav los ntawm kev nce qib cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov kab tiv thaiv uas tau tsim ua ntej. Yog li, lub tswv yim ntawm Wehrmacht tau raug xaiv rov qab thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1943. Nws tseem txiav txim siab qhov chaw tawm tsam. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Kursk tau tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1943, thaum kev tawm tsam German. Yog li ntawd, Hitler, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim 5, thov kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk qhov tseem ceeb, xav ua kom puas cov tub rog Soviet nyob ntawm nws. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1943, Cov tub rog German hauv qhov kev taw qhia no tsis muaj zog los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua dhau los, thiab txoj phiaj xwm tawm tsam Kursk qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau ncua mus tas li.
Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 15, Hitler tau kos npe rau Daim Ntawv Ua Haujlwm No. Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb yuav tsum tawm tsam los ntawm Tomarovka-Belgorod kab, tsoo hla Soviet pem hauv ntej ntawm kab Prilepy-Oboyan, txuas ntawm Kursk thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm nws nrog kev tsim ntawm Lub Chaw Amiy pab pawg. Pab Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Chaw tau tsoo los ntawm kab Trosno - thaj tsam sab qab teb ntawm Maloarkhangelsk. Nws cov tub rog tau tsoo los ntawm pem hauv ntej hauv Fatezh-Veretenovo txoj haujlwm, tsom mus rau lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Thiab txuas nrog Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb hauv cheeb tsam Kursk thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm nws. Cov tub rog nruab nrab ntawm pab pawg poob siab, nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Kursk qhov tseem ceeb, cov tub rog ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 2, tau teeb tsa kev tawm tsam hauv nroog thiab, thaum cov tub rog Soviet rov thim rov qab, tam sim ntawd tawm tsam nrog tag nrho lawv lub zog. Txoj kev npaj tau yooj yim zoo nkauj thiab ncaj. Lawv xav txiav tawm Kursk lub taub hau nrog kev sib tsoo los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb - nyob rau hnub 4 nws yuav tsum tau kaw ib puag ncig thiab tom qab ntawd rhuav tshem cov tub rog Soviet rau nws (Voronezh thiab Central Front). Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim qhov sib txawv dav hauv Soviet pem hauv ntej thiab cuam tshuam cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm. Hauv cheeb tsam Orel, lub zog tseem ceeb tau sawv cev los ntawm pab tub rog thib 9, hauv cheeb tsam Belgorod - Pawg Panzer thib 4 thiab Pab Pawg Kempf. Kev Ua Haujlwm Citadel yuav tsum tau ua raws los ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Panther - tshuab rau sab nraub qaum ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob, kev tawm tsam nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj kom mus txog tom qab ntawm pab pawg nruab nrab ntawm pab tub rog liab thiab tsim kev hem thawj rau Moscow.
Kev pib ua haujlwm tau teem sijhawm rau ib nrab Lub Tsib Hlis 1943. Tus thawj coj ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb, Tus Thawj Tub Rog General Erich von Manstein, ntseeg tias nws yuav tsum tau tawm tsam sai li sai tau, tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam Soviet hauv Donbas. Nws kuj tseem tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Pab Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Chaw, Field Marshal General Gunter Hans von Kluge. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus thawj coj hauv German qhia nws qhov kev xav. Walter Model, tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog 9, muaj txoj cai zoo nyob hauv Fuhrer qhov muag thiab thaum lub Tsib Hlis 3 nws tau npaj tsab ntawv ceeb toom uas nws tau hais txog kev ua xyem xyav txog qhov ua tiav ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Citadel yog tias nws pib thaum ib nrab lub Tsib Hlis. Lub hauv paus ntawm nws qhov kev xav tsis meej yog cov ntaub ntawv txawj ntse ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntawm kev tawm tsam 9th Army ntawm Central Front. Soviet cov lus txib tau npaj ua kom sib sib zog nqus thiab muaj kev txhim kho kab tiv thaiv zoo, ntxiv dag zog rau nws rab phom loj thiab tiv thaiv lub peev xwm. Thiab cov chaw kho tshuab tau raug tshem tawm ntawm txoj haujlwm mus rau tom ntej, coj lawv tawm ntawm qhov ua yeeb ncuab tuaj yeem tawm tsam.
Kev sib tham ntawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom no tau tshwm sim rau 3-4 Tsib Hlis hauv Munich. Raws li Tus Qauv, Sab Hauv Pem Hauv Ntej raws li cov lus txib ntawm Konstantin Rokossovsky tau muaj qhov yuav luag ob npaug hauv cov naj npawb ntawm cov chav sib ntaus thiab cov cuab yeej tshaj li pab tub rog German thib 9. Qauv 15 pawg tub rog sib faib muaj ib nrab ntawm cov tub rog tsis tu ncua; hauv qee qhov kev faib ua feem, 3 ntawm 9 tus tub rog caij nkoj tsis tu ncua tau raug tshem tawm. Roj teeb Artillery muaj peb rab phom hloov plaub, thiab hauv qee lub roj teeb ib lossis ob rab phom. Txog thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 16, kev faib ua feem ntawm pab tub rog thib 9 muaj qhov nruab nrab "kev muaj zog sib ntaus" (tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua) ntawm 3, 3 txhiab tus tib neeg. Txog kev sib piv, 8 pab tub rog ntawm 4 Panzer Army thiab pab pawg Kempf muaj "kev sib ntaus muaj zog" ntawm 6, 3 txhiab tus neeg. Thiab cov tub rog xav tau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab ntawm Soviet pab tub rog. Ib qho ntxiv, Pawg Tub Rog thib 9 tau ntsib teeb meem thauj loj. Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb, tom qab Stalingrad kev puas tsuaj loj, tau txais kev tsim qauv, uas xyoo 1942 tau rov kho dua tshiab. Tus qauv feem ntau yog cov tub rog sib faib uas tau nyob ua ntej txij li xyoo 1941 thiab xav tau kev hloov pauv sai.
Qauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom tau ua rau muaj kev ntseeg siab rau A. Hitler. Lwm tus thawj coj tub rog tsis tuaj yeem hais tawm cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg tawm tsam kev suav ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm 9th Army. Yog li ntawd, peb txiav txim siab ncua ncua kev pib ua haujlwm ib hlis. Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Hitler tom qab ntawd dhau los ua ib qho kev thuam tshaj plaws los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij German, uas thawb lawv qhov yuam kev mus rau Tus Thawj Coj Loj.
Otto Moritz Walter Model (1891 - 1945).
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias txawm hais tias qhov kev ncua no ua rau muaj zog ntxiv ntawm cov tub rog German, Soviet cov tub rog kuj tseem muaj zog ntxiv. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Tus Qauv pab tub rog thiab Rokossovsky lub hauv ntej txij lub Tsib Hlis txog rau Lub Xya Hli thaum ntxov tsis tau zoo dua, tabsis tseem ua rau cov neeg German tsis zoo. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1943, Lub Hauv Paus Nruab Nrab suav nrog 538,400 tus txiv neej, 920 tso tsheb hlau luam, 7,800 phom, thiab 660 lub dav hlau; thaum ntxov Lub Xya Hli - 711, 5 txhiab tus neeg, 1785 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom tua tus kheej, 12, 4 txhiab rab phom thiab 1050 lub dav hlau. Tus Qauv Tub Rog 9 hauv nruab nrab Lub Tsib Hlis muaj 324, 9 txhiab tus neeg, kwv yees li 800 lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom tua phom, 3 txhiab rab phom. Thaum pib ntawm Lub Xya Hli, Pawg Tub Rog 9 tau mus txog 335 txhiab tus neeg, 1014 tso tsheb hlau luam, 3368 phom. Ib qho ntxiv, nws yog lub Tsib Hlis uas Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej pib tau txais kev tiv thaiv lub tank mines, uas yuav dhau los ua kev puas tsuaj tiag ntawm German cov tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog nyob hauv Tsov Rog Kursk. Kev lag luam hauv Soviet ua haujlwm tau zoo dua qub, ntxiv cov tub rog nrog cov cuab yeej siv nrawm dua li kev lag luam German.
Txoj kev npaj rau kev tawm tsam ntawm pab tub rog ntawm 9th Army los ntawm Oryol cov lus qhia tau txawv me ntsis los ntawm cov txheej txheem raug rau German lub tsev kawm ntawv - Tus qauv yuav tawg mus rau hauv kev ua yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv nrog cov tub rog, thiab tom qab ntawd nqa lub tank tso rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov tub rog yuav tsum tau tawm tsam nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub tank loj, phom tua phom, dav hlau thiab phom loj. Ntawm 8 lub tsev txawb uas tub rog 9 muaj, tsuas yog ib qho tau raug coj mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua - Pawg Panzer 20. Hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog thib 9, 47th Panzer Corps yuav tsum tau ua ntej raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm Joachim Lemelsen. Thaj tsam ntawm nws qhov kev npaj ua ntej nruab nrab ntawm cov zos Gnilets thiab Butyrki. Ntawm no, raws li kev txawj ntse German, muaj kev sib tshuam ntawm ob lub tebchaws Soviet - 13 thiab 70th. Thawj thawj zaug ntawm 47th Corps, 6th Infantry thiab 20th Panzer Division tau tawm tsam, lawv tau ntaus thawj hnub. Hauv qhov kev sib tw thib ob, qhov muaj zog dua tau nyob - 2nd thiab 9th Panzer Division. Lawv yuav tsum tau qhia ua ntej rau hauv kev kov yeej, tom qab tsoo Soviet txoj kab kev tiv thaiv. Hauv kev coj ntawm Ponyri, ntawm sab laug ntawm 47th Corps, 41st Panzer Corps tau nce qib raws li cov lus txib ntawm General Josef Harpe. Hauv thawj lub nroog muaj 86th thiab 292nd Cov Kev Sib Txuas Lus Me Nyuam Yaus, hauv qhov tshwj tseg - Pawg Panzer 18th. Mus rau sab laug ntawm 41st Panzer Corps yog 23rd Army Corps nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm General Friesner. Nws xav tias yuav xa kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog lub zog ntawm 78th kev ua phem thiab 216th cov tub rog sib cais ntawm Maloarkhangelsk. Ntawm sab xis ntawm 47 Corps, 46th Panzer Corps ntawm General Hans Zorn tau nce mus. Hauv nws qhov kev tawm tsam thawj zaug tsuas muaj cov tub rog ua rog - 7th, 31st, 102nd thiab 258th kev faib tub rog. Peb qhov kev tsim khoom txawb ntxiv - lub tsheb loj thib 10 (lub tank grenadier), kev sib faib tank thib 4 thiab 12th tau nyob hauv pawg tub rog tshwj tseg. Von Kluge yuav tsum tau muab lawv rau Tus Qauv tom qab cov tub rog tawm tsam mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm tom qab cov kab tiv thaiv ntawm Central Front. Nws ntseeg tias Tus Qauv pib tsis xav tawm tsam, tab sis tau tos rau Red Army los tawm tsam, txawm tias tau npaj cov kab tiv thaiv ntxiv nyob tom qab. Thiab nws tau sim ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim khoom hauv lub sijhawm thib ob, yog li, yog tias tsim nyog, hloov lawv mus rau ib qho haujlwm uas yuav tawg raws li cua daj cua dub ntawm cov tub rog Soviet.
Cov lus txib ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb tsis txwv rau kev tawm tsam Kursk los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 4th Panzer Army ntawm Colonel-General Hermann Goth (52nd Army Corps, 48th Panzer Corps thiab 2nd SS Panzer Corps). Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Kempf raws li cov lus txib ntawm Werner Kempf yog txhawm rau nce qib nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Cov pab pawg tau sawv nrog pem hauv ntej mus rau sab hnub tuaj raws tus Dej Seversky Donets. Manstein ntseeg tias sai li sai tau thaum kev sib ntaus sib tua pib, Soviet cov lus txib yuav pov rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua muaj zog nyob sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kharkov. Yog li ntawd, kev tawm tsam ntawm 4 Panzer Army ntawm Kursk yuav tsum tau txais kev nyab xeeb los ntawm sab hnub tuaj kev coj los ntawm lub tank Soviet tsim nyog thiab kev tsim kho tshuab. Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Kempf yuav tsum tuav txoj kab tiv thaiv ntawm Donets los ntawm 42nd Army Corps (39th, 161st thiab 282nd Infantry Division) ntawm General Franz Mattenkloth. Nws Pawg Panzer 3, raws li cov lus txib ntawm General of Panzer Forces Hermann Bright (6th, 7th, 19th Panzer thiab 168th Infantry Division) thiab 11th Army Corps of General of Panzer Forces Erhard Raus, ua ntej pib ua haujlwm thiab txog thaum Lub Xya Hli 20, nws tau hu ua Reserve of the High Command of the Special Forces of Rous (106th, 198th and 320th Infantry Division), tau xav kom muab cov haujlwm ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua phem ntawm 4th Panzer Army. Nws tau npaj los pab pawg Kempf rau lwm pawg tub rog, uas yog nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm pab tub rog, tom qab nws tau ntes thaj tsam txaus thiab ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev nqis tes ua nyob rau sab qaum teb.
Erich von Manstein (1887 - 1973).
Cov lus txib ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb tsis txwv rau qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab no. Raws li kev nco qab ntawm tus thawj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm 4 Panzer Army, General Friedrich Fangor, ntawm kev sib tham nrog Manstein thaum lub Tsib Hlis 10-11, txoj kev tawm tsam tau hloov kho raws li kev pom zoo ntawm General Hoth. Raws li kev txawj ntse, tau hloov pauv qhov chaw ntawm lub tank Soviet thiab cov tub rog siv tshuab tau pom. Cov peev txheej hauv tebchaws Soviet tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua sai, hla mus rau hauv txoj kev hauv nruab nrab ntawm Donets thiab Psel dej hauv cheeb tsam Prokhorovka. Muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai los ntawm sab xis ntawm 4 Panzer Army. Qhov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj. Goth ntseeg tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia txog kev tsim muaj zog tshaj plaws uas nws tau mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Russia cov rog rog. Yog li, 2nd SS Panzer Corps Paul Hausser ua ib feem ntawm 1st SS Panzer Grenadier Division "Leibstantart Adolf Hitler", 2nd SS Panzer Grenadier Division "Reich" thiab 3rd SS Panzer Grenadier Division "Totenkopf" ("Death's Head") yog tsis xav tias yuav nce ncaj qha mus rau sab qaum teb raws tus dej Psel, nws yuav tsum tig mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj mus rau thaj tsam Prokhorovka txhawm rau rhuav tshem lub tank Soviet tso tseg.
Kev paub txog kev ua tsov rog nrog Red Army tau ntseeg German cov lus txib uas muaj zog tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yuav zam tsis tau. Yog li ntawd, cov lus txib ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb tau sim txo qis lawv qhov tshwm sim. Ob qho kev txiav txim siab - kev tawm tsam ntawm Kempf pawg thiab tig thib 2 SS Panzer Corps mus rau Prokhorovka muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev txhim kho Kev Sib Tw ntawm Kursk thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Soviet 5th Guards Tank Army. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev faib cov rog ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb mus rau qhov tseem ceeb thiab pab cuam kev tawm tsam nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob tsis pub Manstein ntawm cov peev txheej loj. Hauv txoj kev xav, Manstein muaj qhov tshwj tseg - Walter Nering's 24th Panzer Corps. Tab sis nws yog tus pab pawg ntawm pab tub rog thaum muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet hauv Donbass thiab nyob deb deb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev tawm tsam rau sab qab teb lub ntsej muag ntawm Kursk. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tau siv rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Donbass. Cov peev txheej loj uas Manstein tuaj yeem coj mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tam sim ntawd, nws tsis muaj.
Txog kev ua phem, cov tub rog zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov chav sib ntaus sib tua uas npaj tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Wehrmacht tau koom nrog, tag nrho ntawm 50 kev sib cais (suav nrog 16 lub tank thiab lub cev muaj zog) thiab muaj ntau qhov sib txawv. Tshwj xeeb, tsis ntev ua ntej kev ua haujlwm, 39th Tank Regiment (200 Panthers) thiab 503rd Heavy Tank Battalion (45 Tigers) tuaj txog hauv Army Group South. Los ntawm huab cua, pab pawg tawm tsam tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm 4th Air Fleet of Field Marshal of Aviation Wolfram von Richthofen thiab 6th Air Fleet raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm Colonel General Robert Ritter von Graim. Hauv tag nrho, ntau dua 900 txhiab tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm tau koom nrog Kev Ua Haujlwm Citadel, kwv yees li 10 txhiab rab phom thiab phom, ntau dua 2700 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom tua phom (suav nrog 148 tshiab T-VI Tsov rog hnyav, 200 T-V Panther tso tsheb hlau luam thiab 90 phom "Ferdinand "), txog 2050 lub dav hlau.
Cov lus hais hauv German hais txog kev cia siab rau kev siv hom tshiab ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog. Qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev tuaj txog ntawm cov cuab yeej tshiab yog ib qho laj thawj vim li cas qhov kev ua phem tau raug ncua mus rau lub sijhawm tom qab. Nws tau kwv yees tias cov tso tsheb hlau hnyav hnyav hnyav (Cov kws tshawb fawb Soviet "Panther", uas cov neeg German tau suav tias yog lub tank nruab nrab, suav tias yog hnyav) thiab rab phom uas siv rau tus kheej yuav dhau los ua ib rab phom rau Soviet tiv thaiv. Cov tub rog nruab nrab thiab hnyav T-IV, T-V, T-VI tau koom nrog Wehrmacht, tua phom "Ferdinand" ua ke tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo thiab muaj riam phom loj. Lawv cov phom 75-mm thiab 88-mm nrog kev tua ncaj qha ntawm 1.5-2.5 km yog kwv yees li 2.5 npaug ntawm cov phom 76, 2-mm ntawm lub tank loj Soviet nruab nrab T-34. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim tias qhov siab tshaj plaws pib ntawm lub plhaub, cov kws tsim qauv German tau ua tiav cov cuab yeej nkag mus. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv Soviet cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tiv thaiv tus kheej-propelled howitzers-105-mm Vespe (German Wespe-"wasp") thiab 150-mm Hummel (German "bumblebee"), uas yog ib feem ntawm cov phom loj ntawm kev sib cais tank, kuj tau siv. Cov tsheb German sib ntaus tau zoo heev Zeiss optics. German Air Force tau txais Focke-Wulf-190 tus neeg tua hluav taws tshiab thiab Henkel-129 tua dav hlau. Lawv yuav tsum tau txais huab cua zoo tshaj thiab ua kev tawm tsam txhawb rau cov tub rog uas tau nce qib.
Tus kheej-propelled howitzers "Wespe" ntawm pawg tub rog thib ob ntawm cov tub rog loj ntawm "Great Germany" thaum lub Peb Hlis.
Cov dav hlau tua Henschel Hs 129.
Cov lus txib German tau sim khaws qhov haujlwm zais cia, kom ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg. Txog qhov no, lawv tau sim qhia cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug ntawm Soviet kev coj noj coj ua. Peb tau ua tiav kev npaj hnyav rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Panther hauv thaj tsam ntawm Pab Pawg Pawg Sab Qab Teb. Lawv tau nqa tawm kev soj ntsuam pom, hloov tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam, siv ferry txhais tau tias, ua haujlwm sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj cua, qhib lawv tus neeg sawv cev, tshaj tawm cov lus xaiv, thiab lwm yam. ua tau, nkaum ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Cov xwm txheej tau ua tiav nrog German kev ua tib zoo thiab cov txheej txheem, tab sis lawv tsis muab cov txiaj ntsig xav tau. Cov lus txib hauv Soviet tau paub zoo txog kev tawm tsam yeeb ncuab yav tom ntej.
German tiv thaiv tso tsheb hlau luam Pz. Kpfw. III hauv Soviet lub zos ua ntej pib ua haujlwm Citadel.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv lub nraub qaum los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tsim pab pawg, thaum lub Tsib Hlis-Lub Rau Hli 1943, German cov lus txib tau teeb tsa thiab ua ntau qhov kev rau txim loj rau kev tawm tsam Soviet pab pawg. Tshwj xeeb, tawm tsam txog 20 txhiab. Bryansk cov neeg koom nrog tau koom nrog hauv 10 kev sib faib, thiab hauv cheeb tsam Zhytomyr tiv thaiv cov koomhaum xa 40 txhiab. pab pawg Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev npaj tseem tsis tau ua tiav, cov neeg koom tes tau khaws lub peev xwm kom muaj zog tshuab rau cov neeg nyob.
