Heckler & Koch tsis kam tham nrog xovxwm, vim nws cov neeg tseem ceeb yog Bundeswehr thiab cov tub rog ntawm NATO lub tebchaws. Nws tsis yooj yim kom tau paub nrog H&K riam phom tshiab hauv pab tub rog nws tus kheej. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm no tsis yog txhua qhov raug kaw, tab sis qhov tseeb tias Bundeswehr xa cov cuab yeej siv tub rog tshiab kawg rau "khiav -hauv" mus rau thaj chaw muaj teeb meem - mus rau Afghanistan, Africa, Balkans thiab Middle East, yog li hauv Tebchaws Yelemees nws tus kheej tseem yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj neeg pom. Txawm li cas los xij, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tub Rog German tau zam qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab peb tau ua siab zoo muab lub sijhawm los paub txog hauv kev nthuav dav nrog ib qho ntawm kev txhim kho qib siab ntawm lub tuam txhab German - tus qauv MP7, uas yog lub hauv paus hom tshiab ntawm caj npab me - PDW (Tus Kheej) Riam phom).
Lub sij hawm PDW tau pib nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 1980s thaum Heckler & Koch qhia txog MP5K-PDW, qhov sib txawv ntawm MP5K lub tshuab rab phom nrog cov khoom ntim. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog PDW tiag tiag, suav nrog kev sib zog me me ntawm rab phom, qhov hluav taws kub ntawm rab phom submachine thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm rab phom tua phom: 9x19 daim cartridge tsis tso cai tsim riam phom uas yuav ua tau raws li qhov xav tau tsis sib xws. Thawj kauj ruam tiag tiag hauv qhov kev taw qhia no tau ua los ntawm cov neeg Belgians, uas tau nthuav tawm thaum ntxov 90s ib qho nyuaj los ntawm tsib-seveN rab yaj phom thiab PDW FN P90 rab yaj phom chambered rau daim tshiab 5, 7x28. Heckler & Koch pom nws tus kheej hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ntes thiab tsuas yog kaum xyoo tom qab ua txhaum FN kev tswj hwm los ntawm kev muab nws cov ntawv PDW hauv qhov muaj peev xwm 4, 6x30. Txij thaum ntawd los, tus qauv Belgian thiab German PDW tau sib tw ua ke, thiab NATO tsis tau txiav txim siab thaum kawg uas nws nyiam ua qhov kev xaiv, tso cai rau cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg koom nrog ua nws tus kheej.
PDW rau Bundeswehr
Niaj hnub no, hauv pab tub rog German, kev faib ua feem ntawm cov tub rog caij nkoj, uas yog cov tub rog uas yuav tsum tau tua cov yeeb ncuab ncaj qha nrog rab phom loj, yog qhov me me. Qhov no yog vim ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab kev tawm tsam kev ua phem thiab kev txaus siab ntawm cov tub rog niaj hnub nrog hnyav thiab thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis uas xav tau ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev thauj khoom, txhawb nqa thiab muab khoom. Yog li, hauv cov tub rog niaj hnub no muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb, thawj txoj haujlwm uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev koom nrog ncaj qha rau kev ua phem. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov tub rog ntawm pawg no (cov tsav tsheb sib ntaus thiab cov tsheb, kev kho mob, cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov tub rog ntawm kev tsim kho vaj tsev thiab kho vajtse, thiab lwm yam) tsis muaj kev pov hwm tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thiab yog li xav tau tus kheej -tiv thaiv riam phom. Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, ntau hom riam phom me tau ua nws lub luag haujlwm hauv Bundeswehr: P1 thiab P8 rab phom, MP2 Uzi submachine phom, nrog rau cov phom G3 thiab G36.
Rab yaj phom thiab rab phom submachine muaj ob qhov tsis zoo thaum siv rau lub hom phiaj qhia. Thawj qhov tsis txaus siab qhov tseeb, uas ua kom ntseeg tau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tua hluav taws tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov luv. Qhov tsis zoo thib ob yog qhov tsis muaj zog nkag mus rau ntawm rab phom rab phom, uas ua rau hluav taws tua cov neeg muaj zog tiv thaiv los ntawm lub cev tej cuab yeej ua haujlwm tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, tsis hais txog kev tua ntawm lub tsheb yooj yim.
Cov phom loj tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus thiab muab cov tub rog nrog nws rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej yog ib qho ntawm kev sib cav. Txawm li cas los xij, kev paub siv phom G3 thiab G36 tau qhia tias, vim nws qhov loj me, rab phom feem ntau dhau los ua ib qho teeb meem hauv kev ua tub rog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw txwv (hauv lub cockpit ntawm lub tsheb, dav hlau lossis dav hlau, hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua), rab phom thiab cov khoom sib dhos rau nws cov ntawv txuas muaj qhov ntim loj txaus uas tuaj yeem siv tau ntau dua.
Kev kawm txog teeb meem los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb ntawm BWB (pab tub rog rau cov khoom siv thiab khoom siv) qhia tawm qhov xav tau los txhim kho thiab siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej tshwj xeeb uas yuav ua raws peb yam kev xav tau:
- qhov piv txwv yuav tsum yog riam phom puv ntoob uas muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws ib zaug thiab tsis siv neeg;
- raws li nws qhov ntev, riam phom yuav tsum nyob hauv txoj haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm rab phom thiab rab phom submachine;
- hais txog cov khoom siv foob pob ntau ntawm PDW daim ntawv thov, riam phom tshiab yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab zoo dua li riam phom chambered rau 5, 56x45 thiab xyuas kom muaj kev swb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub cev nyob deb li ntawm 200 m.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshaj lij German tau sau tseg tias peb tsis tham txog kev hloov pauv hom me me uas twb muaj lawm. PDW tau pom los ntawm lawv raws li kev ntxiv rau cov cuab yeej siv foob pob hluav taws uas twb muaj lawm, tso cai rau lawv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov phom me, cov phom me thiab cov phom loj.
Keeb kwm ntawm MP7
Kev tiv thaiv tus kheej tiv thaiv tus kheej PDW MP7 tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 90s raws li NATO "tub rog hloov kho tshiab" txoj haujlwm AC225 ntawm 1989-16-04, hauv Tebchaws Yelemees hu ua Infanterist der Zukunft (IdZ) - cov tub rog yav tom ntej. Txawm hais tias qhov no, Heckler & Koch tau pab nyiaj txiag tsim PDW tag nrho los ntawm nws tus kheej cov nyiaj. Lub tuam txhab Oberndorf yog lub chaw tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe nyob sab Europe thiab cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau Bundeswehr, yog li nws cov kws tsim qauv paub tseeb tias cov tub rog German xav tau dab tsi. Cartridge 4, 6x30 tau tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom mos txwv hauv tebchaws Askiv Royal Ordnance, Radway Green (ib feem ntawm BAE Systems) nrog Dynamit Nobel.
Dua li qhov tseeb tias riam phom tshiab tsis yog rab phom submachine, nws tseem tau txais "rab phom submachine" lub npe Maschinenpistole 7 (MP7), vim hom riam phom me no tsis tau muab rau hauv Bundeswehr cov phom phom. Tus lej "7" txhais tau tias qhov no yog tus qauv piv txwv xya uas tau muab rau hom riam phom no thiab pom zoo muab rau pab tub rog German. Cov neeg ua ntej ntawm PDW MP7 hauv phau ntawv teev npe yog MP1 (Thompson M1A1 submachine gun), MP2 (Uzi), MP3 thiab MP4 (Walther MP-L thiab MP-K feem), thiab H & K MP5. Tus qauv ntawm rab phom submachine uas tau xaiv lub npe MP6 tsis tau tshaj tawm hauv xovxwm qhib. Txhawm rau zam kev siv cov ntawv Askiv-ntawv luv, Bundeswehr tau tsim nws lub ntsiab lus "Nahbereichwaffe" (riam phom ze ze) rau PDW. Txawm li cas los xij, txog tam sim no lub npe no tsis tau txais thiab yog qhov tsawg heev.
Tus qauv MP7 tau nthuav tawm thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1999, tab sis nws qhov kev sim qhia pom tias xav tau ntau tus qauv kev hloov pauv: nplaim hluav taws ntes thiab lub npog txais lub tswb tau nthuav qhia, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau picatinny tau txuas ntxiv thiab ua kom tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm tus txais, tsau pem hauv ntej pom ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab pom, ua raws li ib feem ntawm cov pa tso pa ntaus ntawv.
Cov kev txhim kho no tau ua tiav xyoo 2001, tom qab ntawd cov riam phom tshiab tau nkag mus rau hauv pab tub rog tshwj xeeb (KSK), cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb (DSO) thiab tub ceev xwm tub rog. Tom qab kev hloov kho tshiab xyoo 2003, PDW tau txais MP7A1 qhov ntsuas thiab hauv daim ntawv no tau txais los ntawm Bundeswehr los hloov MP2A1 lub tshuab xa xov tshuab phom nrog cov khoom siv hlau. Kev hloov kho niaj hnub suav nrog kev hloov pauv qhov zoo ntawm rab yaj phom tuav thiab taub qab, qhia txog txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau ntxiv "picatinny" thiab lub ntsej muag sib dhos uas pom tau.
Hauv pab tub rog German, MP7A1 tau npaj los ua kom cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua (cov neeg siv phom tshuab, pab tub rog tsav tsheb) thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua phem (kho mob thiab thauj, tub ceev xwm tub rog). Nws ntseeg tias kev rov ua dua tshiab yuav daws ob yam teeb meem tseem ceeb. Thawj yog txhawm rau muab cov tub rog nrog riam phom tiv thaiv tus kheej, uas lawv tuaj yeem ua tau, ntawm thaj tsam ze, ua tau tiag tiag tiv thaiv sab kev tawm tsam nrog riam phom. Txoj haujlwm thib ob yog tshem tawm ntau hom riam phom tiv thaiv tus kheej uas twb muaj lawm, yog li kev ua kom raug, ua noj, tsav tsheb thiab tsav dav hlau siv ib qho piv txwv ntawm riam phom tiv thaiv tus kheej, uas, ntxiv rau, muaj cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws thiab txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog tseem ceeb phom loj G36. Hauv qhov no, NATO cov kws tshaj lij hu rau PDW qhov kev txiav txim siab "3: 1 kev txiav txim siab", txij li cov riam phom tshiab suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm peb hom riam phom me: rab phom, rab phom me thiab rab phom loj.
Xyoo 2002, Heckler & Koch pib tsim rab phom nyob rau hauv caliber 4, 6x30, lub npe hu ua Ultimate Combat Pistole (UCP) kev teev npe pej xeem thiab npe tub rog P46. Ua ke nrog MP7, rab yaj phom no yog los ua ib feem ntawm cov caj npab me me ua rau 4, 6x30, zoo li nws cov neeg Belgian. Tab sis txog tam sim no, cov tub rog tsis tau txaus siab rau P46 thiab txoj hmoo ntxiv ntawm txoj haujlwm tseem nyob hauv nqe lus nug. Hauv kev ua lag luam pej xeem, UCP (P46) kuj tseem tsis tau lees paub, feem ntau yog vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb nqaim - kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv tib neeg lub zog hauv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub cev.
Tsis zoo li rab yaj phom, PDW MP7 thov kom muaj kev thov dav dua. Ntxiv rau kev siv tub rog, riam phom no tau txhawb kev txaus siab ntawm VIP cov kev pabcuam kev nyab xeeb thiab tus tiv thaiv cev xeeb tub, rau leej twg uas muaj peev xwm zais tau yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Lwm qhov ntawm thaj chaw uas siv tau ntawm PDW MP7 yog cov tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb (raws li cov lus hais los ntawm tub ceev xwm German, tub sab tub nyiag hauv lub tsho tiv thaiv mos txwv yog qhov tseeb tshiab uas yuav tsum tau suav nrog hnub no).
Cov cuab yeej ntawm Bundeswehr PDW tab tom pib ntawm qhov qis thiab hauv cov chav ib txwm nws tseem yog qhov txawv. Thawj pawg loj ntawm MP7A1 (434 daim ntawv) tau xa hauv 2003 thiab txog rau hnub no tag nrho cov tub rog yog kwv yees li 2,000 leej. PDW tab tom raug sim hauv DSO faib, raws li IdZ program. Tshwj xeeb, MP7A1 tau txais ua riam phom ntawm tus kheej lub tshuab phom ntawm cov tub rog pab tub rog uas muaj phom MG4. Tsis zoo li MG3, rab phom tshuab tshiab yog siv los ntawm ib tus neeg, yog li yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab tua tus kheej nrog riam phom tiv thaiv tus kheej ntau dua li rab phom 9-mm yav tas los siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm Bundeswehr muab lawv cov neeg tiv thaiv nrog PDW MP7A1. Ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb siv MP7A1, koj tuaj yeem sau lub npe KSK twb tau hais tseg (60 daim ntawv tau xa hauv xyoo 2002), Tub Rog tshwj xeeb hauv Navy, GSG-9 thiab Hamburg tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb. MP7A1 kuj tseem yog ib txoj hauv kev los daws cov teeb meem nyiaj txiag. Kev yuav khoom ntawm 1000 PDW tus nqi 3 lab euros rau Bundeswehr yog ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm tau txais hauv xyoo 2009 txhawm rau txhim kho German kev lag luam.
Ua rau PDW txaus siab sab nraum Lub Tebchaws Yelemees ib yam. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2003, Asmeskas Tub Rog Tub Rog tau ua qhov kev sib piv ntawm MP7 thiab P90. Rau lub hom phiaj no, cov neeg Asmeskas tau yuav 12 MP7 chav los ntawm Heckler & Koch, uas tau nruab nrog lub qhov ncauj thiab tau npaj rau kev sim los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm nyoob hoom qav taub. Thaum kuaj, cov kws tsav dav hlau hnav lub PDW hauv lub hnab ntim lub duav, thiab lub qhov ncauj sib cais hauv lub hnab tsho ntawm lub tsho cawm siav. Xyoo 2003, UK Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg tau npaj kom tau txais 15,000 yam riam phom, feem ntau yog rau tub ceev xwm. Tub ceev xwm Askiv siv nws hauv MP7SF (Ib Leeg Hluav Taws) ib nrab hloov pauv. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2007, Norwegian Ministry of Defense tau xaj 6,500 MP7A1s los hloov 9mm rab phom submachine. Hauv tag nrho, MP7 tau siv los ntawm 17 lub tebchaws; nws tseem tau txais los ntawm UN cov tub rog.
