Lavxias Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob, tsiaj qus, qus qus … Huab cua hnyav, tsis muaj peev txheej txaus, nyob deb tsis txaus ntseeg, cov neeg hauv paus txawm tsis tau tshawb fawb, qee zaum ua rau Asmeskas Asmeskas Qhab nrog lawv cov kev tawm tsam … Kev txhim kho ntawm Siberia thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob yog qhov loj heev, peb hwm, muaj nuj nqis thiab muaj yeeb koob! Nws yog lub sijhawm ntev dhau los, tab sis txawm tias nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub neej ntawm cov neeg Lavxias me me hauv cov chaw no nyuaj thiab txaus ntshai txhua hnub. Cov xwm txheej no, ntxiv rau kev nyob sib ze ntawm Asmeskas thiab Tuam Tshoj, suav nrog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsiaj hauv ntiaj teb thiab kev sib cais ntawm thaj av me me los ntawm European ib feem ntawm Russia, ua rau tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm ntawm kev ua tub rog ntawm thaj av cov pej xeem.
Cov neeg uas tau mus rau qhov tsis paub, paub cov tebchaws no hauv tebchaws Russia, tuag vim yog kub cev, ua npaws, mob khaub thuas thiab cov xib xub ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig … Poyarkov, Khabarov, Shelikhov, Baranov, Rezanov … thiab ntau ntxiv, ntau lwm tus - cov no tib neeg yog cov ntseeg tseeb, tsis nyiam cov tub ntawm Russia, hmoov tsis, yuav luag tsis nco qab hnub no los ntawm cov neeg ua tsis ncaj ncees.
Kev txhim kho ntawm Siberia thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob yog txoj haujlwm txaus ntshai, ci ntsa iab daws los ntawm tag nrho galaxy ntawm cov tub rog tub rog thiab kws tshawb fawb-cov neeg taug kev ntawm tebchaws Russia. Ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws, tus tub tiag ntawm nws lub sijhawm, yog Vyacheslav Panteleimonovich Vradiy.
Yug los xyoo 1871 hauv St. Petersburg, thaum tseem hluas, Vradiy tau dhau los ua ib tus kws paub tsiaj txhu nto moo, mob siab rau koom nrog hauv haiv neeg, taug kev ntau, tom qab ntawv tshaj tawm thiab kho phau ntawv xov xwm "Siberian Thought". Vyacheslav Panteleimonovich tau ua ntau yam rau Amur Cheeb Tsam Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Zej Zog Lore. G. S. Novikov-Daursky, uas twb muaj lawm txij thaum Lub Yim Hli 16, 1891. Xyoo 1904, Vradiy tau tshaj tawm nws "Cov ntaub ntawv, cov lus tseeb thiab cov lus xaus los ntawm kev mus ncig Asia ob xyoos", qhov tseem ceeb rau nws qhov kev xav ntawm lub neej ntawm Lavxias cov pej xeem ntawm Far East. Yog lawm, peb xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov teeb meem cuam tshuam txog phom thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv, teeb tsa los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv lawv txoj haujlwm.
Tawm hauv St. Petersburg mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob thiab npaj yuav ua kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm zoology, haiv neeg, thiab lwm yam, Vyacheslav Panteleimonovich tseem teeb tsa nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj kom tau txais cov lus teb tas mus li rau cov lus nug hauv qab no: hom riam phom twg rau kev yos hav zoov thiab kev tiv thaiv tus kheej yuav tsum yog tus kws tshawb fawb khaws cia kom taug kev hla cov "tebchaws nyob deb" no? Cov lus nug nyob deb ntawm tsis ua haujlwm - ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias nyob rau hnub ntawd tus kws tshawb fawb kawm txog haiv neeg thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm thaj av tshiab tau ua rau nws lub neej mob siab rau thiab, yog tias nws xav ua neej nyob, nws yuav tsum muaj kev hais kom ua zoo ntawm riam phom.
Ua raws li txoj kab nruab nrab thiab sab qaum teb kev yos hav zoov Lavxias, Vradiy nqa nrog nws rab phom ob rab phom, thiab rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej-rab phom loj 5-rab phom loj. Qhov ua tau zoo ua ke, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tshua muaj nqis rau hauv av Asia, Vyacheslav paub tias "tsis yog txhua yam zoo li riam phom yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, hais txog kev ua tau zoo thiab siv tau rau cov xwm txheej ntawm thaj chaw no." Tawm hauv Vladivostok mus rau qhov deb thiab tom qab ntawd tsis paub Manchuria, tus neeg taug kev tau sab laj nrog tus tsim ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Tuam Tshoj Kev Tsheb nqaj hlau, tau nug hauv lub nroog cov khw muag riam phom. Raws li nws tau dhau los, rab phom, raws li Vradia, "tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm no, nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Vladivostok thiab hauv taiga ntawm Manchuria, tsuas yog, feem ntau yuav zoo li lom zem, tab sis tsis yog phom loj. Ib rab phom, ntawm chav kawm, tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev khaws cia, tab sis qhov tseeb yog riam phom ntxiv, thiab tsis yog lub ntsiab, raws li peb muaj nyob hauv nruab nrab lossis sab qaum teb Russia …"
Hauv Vladivostok, cov khw muag khoom siv riam phom muaj Vradia Winchesters (lub sijhawm ntawd, nyob rau tebchaws Russia Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob thiab hauv ntiaj teb, cov qauv ntawm xyoo 1892 thiab 1894 feem ntau tau faib), German Mauser phom thiab txawm tias "phom nrov Mauser" (pom tseeb, peb tham txog St. 96). Feem ntau ntawm txhua tus neeg ua lag luam tau qhuas "German rab phom me me". Tej zaum, ntawm no peb tab tom tham txog "commission" Mauser arr. 1888
Hauv Smith lub khw Asmeskas, uas muag Asmeskas cov riam phom (thiab cov zaub mov kaus poom, los ntawm txoj kev) hauv Vladivostok, tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias tau hais khov kho "qhia kom khaws cia ntawm yim lossis kaum ib puag ncig nyuaj." Vradiy tau sau tseg tias feem coob ntawm cov neeg Lavxias hauv Vladivostok thiab Ussuriyskaya txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau, uas muaj tsawg kawg qee lub tswv yim ntawm kev yos hav zoov, siv Winchesters. Txog ntawm no, hauv cheeb tsam Ussuri, qhov chaw uas koj tuaj yeem ua rau tus tsov, liab "hma phem" liab, thiab thaum kawg, "tus cwj pwm zoo Ussuri dais nrog dab tshos dawb" - koj yuav tsum tau npaj tas li thiab muaj nrog koj rab phom, tab sis rab phom.
Txheeb xyuas riam phom ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Lavxias ntawm Vladivostok, Vradiy sau hais tias lawv tsis pom riam phom ntau zaus (tshwj tsis yog rab phom). Tab sis, yog tias muaj ib qho, nws yuav yog qhov nruab nrab-caliber nyuaj tsav, uas yog qhov tsis tshua muaj neeg nyiam ntawm cov neeg hauv zos. Raws li rau cov neeg nyob hauv Vladivostok ib puag ncig thiab cov neeg nyob hauv Lavxias nyob hauv "kev sib hais haum sib txawv thiab thaj chaw," lawv, thawj lub sijhawm, yuav muaj yeej Winchester - ob qho tib si rau yos hav zoov loj lossis noog noog, thiab rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej.
Tsim nyog ua raws li kev paub dhau los, Vradiy tau txais kaum-kev txhaj tshuaj nyuaj hauv Vladivostok, uas yog qhov yooj yim heev thaum lub sijhawm ntoj ncig. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua thawj daim ntawv thov ntawm yam tshiab ntawm cov av xuab zeb ntawm Sunguri, uas tom qab ntawd tau npog tag nrho nrog suav tsis txheeb ntawm geese. Raws li nws tau muab tawm, rab phom ntev-phom ceev yog qhov zoo rau yos hav zoov loj. Qhov riam phom no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg taug kev thaum sib cav nrog "Manchus qus". Raws li Vradiy sau, "rab phom no yooj yim raws li qhov hluav taws kub rau kev tua hluav taws thaum muaj xwm ceev." Ntawm txoj kev mus rau Manchuria, Vradiy pom tias cov neeg ua haujlwm ntiag tug ua dej voyages nruab nrab ntawm Khabarovsk thiab Manchuria raws tus Dej Sungari tau ua tub rog los ntawm Tsoomfwv Lavxias nrog "tag nrho cov tub rog ntawm cov phom tub rog ntawm peb cov qauv tshiab, uas yog lub homphiaj txaus ntshai ntawm ntau tus neeg Lavxias thiab neeg txawv teb chaws uas ib txwm xav kom muaj rab phom Russia tus kheej rau koj tus kheej ". Thaum tau mus ntsib lub nkoj ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub nkoj, Vyacheslav Panteleimonovich tau pom ntau tus peb-kab Mosin phom loj, tsau hauv kab raws cov phab ntsa hauv racks tshwj xeeb. Tus thawj tub rog zoo siab hais rau tus neeg taug kev tias cov phom no yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj rau kev tawm tsam Manchus, uas feem ntau ua rau cov nkoj Lavxias tawm ntawm ntug dej. Ntxiv rau qhov nyuaj tsav, "peb kab" kuj tau txaus siab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Suav txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Ib tus neeg yos hav zoov, lub taub hau ntawm ib qho ntawm cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv uas tsis muaj neeg nyob ntawm Sungari, tus neeg taug kev pom qhov riam phom tsis txawv txav rau nws - "rab phom ob rab phom, ib qho ntawm cov phom uas yog" zom ", thiab hauv qab ob qho no cev, tj - hauv qab no, nruab nrab ntawm lawv, muaj ib lub thoob rau kev tua mos txwv - cov xov haum ". Raws li Vradia, "cov neeg yos hav zoov pom cov phom peb-phom no, uas yog, rab phom, ua ke nrog qhov haum, siv tau tshaj plaws rau Manchu cov neeg yos hav zoov. Kev sau cia tias rab phom no tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau pua rubles, Vyacheslav Panteleimonovich pom cov riam phom no zoo tshaj rau cov neeg yos hav zoov yos hav zoov uas tau siv los tua phom loj ua si thiab tsuas yog qee zaum ntsib cov tsiaj loj thiab txaus ntshai. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo tshaj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis Vradiy hais ncaj ncees tias "cov phom zoo li no, tau kawg, tsuas yog rau cov qauv kim …". Zoo, tsis muaj dab tsi hloov pauv txij li ntawd: hauv peb lub sijhawm, kev ua kom zoo yog qhov txaus siab kim. Hauv ob peb xyoos ntawm nws txoj kev mus rau Neeg Esxias, V. P. Vradiy tau dhau los ua tus neeg yos hav zoov, uas tseem paub yuav ua li cas sawv rau nws tus kheej hauv kev sib cav ncaj qha nrog ntau pawg tub sab. Kev paub dhau los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb hauv thaj tsam muaj teeb meem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los teb cov lus nug rau qhov xav tau - hais txog kev siv riam phom tshaj plaws rau cov neeg taug kev hauv Asia. Hauv cov lus ntawm Vradia nws tus kheej, "yog tias peb txiav txim siab tias rab phom twg yog qhov siv tau tshaj plaws, feem ntau, rau tag nrho Sab Hnub Tuaj, tom qab ntawd peb yuav tsum hais tias yog nws yog rab phom, tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum nqa nrog koj xwb Winchester lossis rab phom ceev ua tub rog (phom phom. Kwv yees. Yu. M. M.), Los yog, thaum kawg, Mauser rab yaj phom; qhov kawg no tuaj yeem pom zoo rau tus neeg yos hav zoov nrog cov nyiaj tau los nruab nrab."
Raws li Vradiy cov lus pov thawj, lub zog nruab nrab hauv Vladivostok tom qab ntawd raug nqi li 40-60 rubles. thiab kim dua. Qee lub sij hawm koj tuaj yeem yuav lub hard drive thib ob zoo rau 15-25 rubles. Tom qab ntawd, ntxiv rau nws, Vradiy pom zoo ib qho zoo li qub 20-16 rab phom loj lossis rab phom loj "Berdan", uas yog tom qab ntawd nrov thoob plaws tebchaws Russia. Hais txog qhov phom sij peb-rab phom ib rab phom, peb tus kws tshawb fawb pom zoo nws rau cov neeg yos hav zoov muaj nyiaj. Ib qho ntxiv, nws taw qhia nws qhov tsis txaus: qhov loj thiab tsis tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej vim tias tus nqi hluav taws tsawg (piv rau cov tsav nyuaj thiab cov ntawv xov xwm tub rog).
Rau kev mus ncig txhua hnub nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Harbin thiab lwm lub nroog Manchu (taug kev zoo ib yam, tsis yog mus yos hav zoov), Vradiy xav pom zoo tias koj ib txwm muaj rab phom ntev nruab nrab txhim khu kev qha nrog koj, tsim nyog rau nqa hauv koj lub hnab tshos. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, thaum tsis muaj rab phom me me, cov tub rog rab phom tseem pom zoo rau cov haujlwm no. Thaj, yog vim li cas rau cov lus pom zoo los ntawm Lavxias teb sab ethnographer tau hnyav heev … Thaum rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg thiab txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nws txoj kev mus, Vyacheslav Panteleimonovich los txog qhov kawg: "tus neeg yos hav zoov zoo tib yam thiab, tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg ncig tebchaws feem ntau, leej twg tuaj yeem tsim kev phom sij rau nws Lub Neej Sab Hnub Tuaj (nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb), yuav tsum muaj peb hom riam phom hauv nws tus kheej thiab hauv Manchuria. Cov no yog: ua ntej (los ntawm txhua qhov txhais tau tias!) - Winchester lossis rab phom tub rog (tom kawg zoo dua), qhov thib ob - qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab cov phom tua phom lossis rab phom Berdan du (qhov thib ob yooj yim dua rau cov me) thiab, thib peb, ib tus neeg Amelikas qhov nruab nrab lossis qee qhov lwm yam - lossis rab phom uas koj tuaj yeem nqa nrog koj, yog li nws yuav tsis txaj muag thaum taug kev ntev lossis luv luv. Thiab ib qho ntxiv ntawm cov lus qhia: rau txhua qhov riam phom tau hais tseg, koj yuav tsum muaj cov khoom npaj ua ntej thiab siv tau daim cartridges, vim tias hauv Manchuria muaj ntau qhov chaw uas koj yuav tsum khaws cov cartridges yuav luag ib xyoos ua ntej… "Zoo, niaj hnub no muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo dhau los muaj ntau dua qhov tseem ceeb, txawm hais tias peb paub daws teeb meem los ntawm lawv cov kev xav ib yam nkaus. Yog lawm, "loj Mauser" tus neeg yos hav zoov niaj hnub no ntawm "cov nyiaj tau los nruab nrab" tsis zoo li ua kom tiav nws cov khoom siv phom sij, tab sis lwm yam, tsis muaj dab tsi hloov pauv hauv paus. Cov kab lis kev cai yos hav zoov tau mob siab rau khaws cia. Thiab kev tsim cov yos hav zoov thiab riam phom mus pw, nrog rau qhov xav tau rau lawv, tseem tsis hloov pauv.
Thiab peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis txaj muag! Txawm tias "lub rooj zaum" "botanist" los ntawm lub peev, hauv thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam sab nrauv ntawm Lub Tebchaws, sai dhau los ua tus neeg yos hav zoov thiab tua rog, muaj txuj ci kev tshaj lij thiab tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej. Qhov tseeb, tag nrho ntawm kev phom sij, lub neej ntawm cov neeg nrhiav kev paub, txawm tias los ntawm cov tshuaj txhuam hniav Petersburg dandies, tam sim ntawd ntuav tawm txhua tus tib neeg rot, sai sai coj tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus tub rog - nyuaj, tsis muaj lub cev tsis txaus ntseeg, tsis quav ntsej nws kev txom nyem, ntshav, hnyav psychosomatic kev nyuaj siab thiab kev hem thawj tas mus li rau lub neej.
Cov neeg Lavxias taug kev taug txoj kev tsiaj qus thiab tsis paub dej ntws tsis yog rau nyiaj thiab koob meej, tab sis rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm Russia. Cov tub ceev xwm ntawm pab tub rog thiab tub rog, cov kws tsim khoom lag luam thiab kws tshawb fawb, uas los ntawm lawv cov kev coj ua ntxiv lub zog ntawm Lub Tebchaws, tsis tau muab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus kheej ua ntej, saib xyuas, ua ntej tshaj plaws, txog lub xeev cov txiaj ntsig. Cov npe ntawm cov neeg uas nthuav cov ciam teb ntawm Tebchaws Russia mus rau Asmeskas California, cov npe uas yuav tsum yog thawj kab ntawm cov npe ntawm cov neeg zoo tshaj plaws hauv Russia, tam sim no yuav luag tsis nco qab lawm. Lawv txoj kev siv, uas hloov pauv daim duab qhia chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab raug rau lub cim xeeb tsis hloov pauv ntawm txhua tus neeg, tau hloov pauv los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg hais txog "tsis muaj txiaj ntsig" ntawm Far East rau Russia. Nws yog lub sijhawm los saib rov qab thiab them se rau cov poj koob yawm txwv. Tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev. "Tus uas tsis nco txog yav dhau los tsis muaj lub neej tom ntej," cov neeg txawj ntse hais. Cov lus ntawm kev txawj ntse. Thiab tseem ceeb heev hnub no.
