Riam phom dab neeg. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau "Bofors" 40-mm L60

Riam phom dab neeg. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau "Bofors" 40-mm L60
Riam phom dab neeg. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau "Bofors" 40-mm L60

Video: Riam phom dab neeg. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau "Bofors" 40-mm L60

Video: Riam phom dab neeg. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau
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Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1930, Sweden tau pib ntsuas rab phom 40 mm tshiab, uas yog tsim los ntawm Victor Hammar thiab Emmanuel Jansson, tus tsim qauv ntawm Bofors cog. Tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem kwv yees txoj hmoo ntev rau riam phom no.

Kev nthuav dav tshaj plaws thiab siv kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, nquag siv los ntawm ob tog ua tsov rog. Hauv tag nrho, ntau dua 100,000 qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm txhua hom thiab kev hloov kho tau tsim hauv ntiaj teb. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws, "Bofors" tseem tab tom ua haujlwm.

Cov phom ntev tau tsim nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si hauv av thiab nkoj nrog ntau qhov kev hloov kho (casemate, rub, tiv thaiv tus kheej tiv thaiv thiab tsis muaj tub rog, tsheb ciav hlau, dav hlau).

Raws li xyoo 1939 (thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev tawm tsam kev ua phem nyob hauv Europe), cov tuam txhab Swedish tau xa Bofors mus rau 18 lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb thiab kos npe rau daim ntawv tso cai pom zoo nrog 10 ntau lub tebchaws. Kev lag luam tub rog ntawm lub tebchaws Axis thiab cov phoojywg hauv Pawg Tiv Thaiv-Hitler tau koom nrog kev tso phom.

Belgium tau dhau los ua thawj tus neeg yuav av phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Thawj tus neeg siv khoom ntawm L60 cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom yog Dutch lub nkoj, uas tau teeb tsa 5 tus ntxaib sib dhos ntawm hom no ntawm lub nkoj cruiser "De Ruyter".

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tebchaws uas yuav Bofors L60 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau thaum kawg ntawm 30s suav nrog: Argentina, Belgium, Tuam Tshoj, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Fabkis, Greece, Norway, Latvia, Netherlands, Portugal, Great Britain, Thaib thiab Yugoslavia.

Bofors L60 tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tso cai hauv Belgium, Finland, Fabkis, Hungary, Norway, Poland thiab UK. Bofors L60 tau tsim tawm ntau qhov tseem ceeb hauv Canada thiab Asmeskas. Ntau tshaj 100 txhiab 40-mm Bofors cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tsim tawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb thaum kawg Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II.

Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 40-hli uas tsim tawm hauv ntau lub tebchaws tau yoog raws qhov xwm txheej hauv cheeb tsam tsim thiab siv. Cheebtsam thiab cov phom ntawm cov "haiv neeg" sib txawv feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau.

Ntau tshaj 5, 5 txhiab Bofors tau xa raws li qiv-xaum rau USSR.

Riam phom dab neeg. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau "Bofors" 40-mm L60
Riam phom dab neeg. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau "Bofors" 40-mm L60

"Bofors" tiv thaiv "Txoj Kev ntawm Lub Neej"

Cov phom tsis siv neeg yog ua raws li kev siv lub zog thim rov qab raws li cov phiaj xwm nrog luv thim rov qab ntawm lub thoob. Txhua qhov kev nqis tes ua tsim nyog rau kev txhaj tshuaj (qhib lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj tom qab txhaj tshuaj nrog tshem lub tes tsho, tsoo tus neeg tua phom, pub cov cartridges rau hauv chav, kaw lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab tso tus neeg tawm tsam) tau ua tiav. Lub hom phiaj, lub hom phiaj ntawm rab phom thiab kev muab cov yeeb yaj kiab nrog cov cartridges rau hauv lub khw yog nqa tawm ntawm tus kheej.

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Lub foob pob tawg loj 900-gram (40x311R) tawm ntawm lub thoob ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 850 m / s. Tus nqi tua hluav taws yog li 120 rds / min, uas nce me ntsis thaum rab phom tsis muaj lub ces kaum loj loj. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias lub ntiajteb txawj nqus pab lub mos txwv muab cov txheej txheem. Qhov projectile tus kheej qhov hnyav tau pab ua kom lub tshuab rov ua haujlwm.

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Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws kub yog 80-100 rds / min. Lub plhaub tau ntim nrog 4-kab yeeb yaj kiab, uas tau ntxig rau tus kheej. Cov phom muaj lub qab nthab tiag tiag txog 3800 m, nrog thaj tsam ntau dua 7000 m.

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Lub cannon tsis siv neeg tau nruab nrog lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm uas niaj hnub rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Cov phom tua kab rov tav thiab ntsug muaj qhov pom kev zoo, tus tswv cuab thib peb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau nyob tom qab lawv thiab ua haujlwm nrog cov cuab yeej siv khoos phis tawj. Qhov pom tau siv lub roj teeb 6V.

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Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias Lub Tebchaws Yelemees muaj nws tus kheej 37-mm Rheinmetall tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom tshuab, 40-mm Bofors L60 tau nquag siv hauv kev ua tub rog ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes thiab nws cov phoojywg. Kev ntes Bofors raug ntes hauv tebchaws Poland, Norway, Denmark thiab Fabkis tau siv los ntawm cov neeg German raws li lub npe 4-cm / 56 Flak 28.

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Tab sis daim ntawv theej loj tshaj plaws ntawm Bofors L60 yog Soviet 37-hli tsis siv neeg phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. 1939g ib. tseem hu ua 61-K.

Tom qab qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm kev sim tso tawm rau hauv cov khoom lag luam loj ntawm cov nroj tsuag ze Moscow. Kalinin (Tsis Muaj. 8) ntawm German 37-mm automatic phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau "Rheinmetall", txuas nrog qhov xav tau ceev rau rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, nyob rau qib siab tshaj plaws nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim cov phom phom dav hlau. raws li cov txheej txheem Swedish, uas los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau txais kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb.

Cov phom tau tsim los ntawm kev coj ua ntawm M. N. Loginov thiab xyoo 1939 nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam raws li lub luag haujlwm "37-mm automatic anti-aircraft gun mod. Xyoo 1939 ".

Raws li kev coj ua ntawm kev pabcuam phom, nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj huab cua ntawm thaj tsam li 4 km thiab ntawm qhov chaw siab txog 3 km. Yog tias tsim nyog, rab phom kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av, suav nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tsheb tiv thaiv.

Hais txog nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub foob pob, 40-mm Bofors rab phom loj me ntsis zoo dua li 61-K-nws tau ua rau me ntsis hnyav dua qhov projectile ntawm qhov nrawm muzzle. Xyoo 1940, kev sim sib piv ntawm Bofors thiab 61-K tau ua hauv USSR, raws li lawv cov txiaj ntsig, pawg thawj coj tau sau tseg kwv yees qhov sib npaug ntawm cov phom.

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61-K thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg yog lub ntsiab txhais ntawm kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm cov tub rog Soviet nyob rau pem hauv ntej. Lub peev xwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm rab phom tso cai rau nws ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog cov yeeb ncuab pem hauv ntej-kab kev ya dav hlau, tab sis txog thaum xyoo 1944 cov tub rog tau ntsib qhov tsis txaus siv rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Tsuas yog qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog yog peb pab tub rog txaus los ntawm kev tawm tsam huab cua. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1945, muaj txog 19,800 61-K thiab Bofors L60 rab phom.

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Tom qab xaus Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, 37-mm 61-K thiab 40-mm Bofors L60 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau koom nrog ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, hauv ntau lub tebchaws lawv tseem ua haujlwm.

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