Ib qho ntawm cov lus dab neeg ntawm Great Patriotic War txog "tso tsheb hlau luam txuj ci tseem ceeb", tsis tuaj yeem ua, tshem tawm txhua yam tawm ntawm lawv txoj kev, yog cov lus dab neeg hais txog lub tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab ntawm Soviet Union - T -34, KV, thaum thawj lub sijhawm ua tsov rog. Nws twb tau hais qhia tias txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm lawv, cov tub rog German yuav tsum siv dav hlau, txij li cov riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus. Qhov no coj mus rau lwm qhov kev ntseeg - vim li cas thiaj swb thaum pib ua tsov rog yog qhov tsis muaj "tso tsheb hlau luam txaus ntshai". Qhov kev liam, tau kawg, tau muab tso rau ntawm Soviet kev coj noj coj ua, uas tau liam tias tsis nkag siab lawv qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej tsov rog, thiab ntawm Stalin tus kheej.
Cov piv txwv tau muab thaum KV (Klim Voroshilov) rov qab los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog ntau kaum dents los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, tab sis tsis muaj qhov, qhov tseeb tau tshwm sim. Kev nco txog cov neeg German tau ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntau dua; qee qhov nto moo tshaj plaws yog cov cim ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg thib 2 tank G. Guderian raws nws cov lus hais txog "tsis muaj peev xwm" ntawm T-34 rau phom German, hais txog kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav ntawm plaub lub tank sib faib thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1941 sab qab teb. ntawm Mtsensk - nws tau tawm tsam los ntawm T -34 lub tub rog tub rog Katukov. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov lus dab neeg tau tsim, suav nrog hauv Anglo-American cov ntaub ntawv, hais txog "tsis muaj peev xwm" T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam, uas sai sai kov yeej qhov nqes hav, swamps, lawv tsis raug tua los ntawm plhaub, lawv tseb kev tuag thiab kev puas tsuaj. Txawm hais tias nws tau pom meej tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau txav mus rau qhov av ntxhib ntawm qhov nrawm tsis tshaj 10-15 km ib teev.
Txawm hais tias nws yog qhov tseeb tias yog kab lus German tau tawm tsam hauv kev tawm tsam thiab ua rau xav tsis thoob, tom qab ntawd yog qhov ua txhaum ntawm German tus thawj coj, nws tus thawj coj, Major General W. von Langemann und Erlenkamp. Nws tsis tau npaj kev soj xyuas txhawm rau txhawm rau xa cov kem mus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ua ntej ua ntej. Pawg Panzer thib 4 tau muaj nyiaj txaus los npaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lub tank: 50-mm Pak-38 rab phom, 88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, phom tub rog. Tab sis cov neeg German tau tso cai rau lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev xav tsis thoob thiab, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob lees lawv qhov kev ua yuam kev, tau liam tias "txaus ntshai" Lavxias "tso tsheb hlau luam txaus ntshai". Guderian txhawb nqa Langemann tsab ntawv ceeb toom kom tsis txhob ua rau nws lub koob npe nrov.
Qhov txaus siab, Guderian yav dhau los tau sib cav hais tias: "… Lub Soviet T-34 lub tank yog qhov piv txwv zoo ntawm kev siv tshuab Bolshevik rov qab. Lub tank no tsis tuaj yeem piv nrog cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm peb cov tso tsheb hlau luam, ua los ntawm cov tub ncaj ncees ntawm Reich thiab tau rov ua pov thawj lawv qhov zoo tshaj … ".
T-34 qauv 1940.
Thawj qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub tank tshiab Soviet nrog Wehrmacht
Lub Wehrmacht tau ntsib hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog lub tank tshiab Soviet thaum pib ua tsov rog. Nrog kev soj ntsuam ib txwm muaj, kev sib raug zoo ntawm roj tank ntawm cov phom loj thiab cov tub rog, peb cov tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab yuav tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob rau cov neeg German. Kev txawj ntse German tau tshaj tawm txog lub tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1941, txawm hais tias nws tau yuam kev los ntsuas kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv: KV tau kwv yees li ntawm 40 hli, thiab nws yog los ntawm 40 txog 75 hli, thiab T -34 - ntawm 30 hli, thiab lub ntsiab booking yog 40-45 mm.
Ib qho ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab yog kev sib tsoo ntawm 7th Panzer Division of the 3rd Panzer Group of Gotha thaum Lub Rau Hli 22 ntawm tus choj hla Neman ze lub nroog Alytus (Olita) nrog rau 5th Soviet lub tank faib, nws muaj 50 qhov tshiab tshaj T-34s, tsis suav lwm lub tso tsheb hlau luam. Kev faib German feem ntau yog siv riam phom nrog Czech "38 (t)", muaj 167 ntawm lawv, T-34s tsuas yog 30 chav nyob. Kev sib ntaus sib tua nyuaj, cov neeg German ua tsis tau zoo los txuas tus choj, tab sis peb T-34s tsis tuaj yeem tsoo lawv tawm, cov neeg German tau rub lawv cov phom loj, tsim kev tawm tsam mus rau sab nraub qaum thiab nraub qaum, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov kev hem thawj ntawm ib puag ncig, peb faib tawm. Ntawd yog, thawj hnub, Wehrmacht "tau ntsib" nrog lub tank Soviet tshiab kawg, thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.
Lwm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshwm sim hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog Radziechów thaum Lub Rau Hli 23, thaum cov koom haum ntawm cov kws kho mob thib plaub thiab cov tub rog ntawm pawg tub rog German 11 pawg sib tsoo. German tso tsheb hlau luam tsoo rau hauv lub nroog thiab muaj lawv sib tsoo nrog peb T-34s. Kev sib ntaus sib tua nyuaj, tab sis cov rog tsis sib xws - cov tub rog German lub tank, txhawb nqa nrog rab phom loj, thiab peb ob lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua tsis muaj phom loj, peb thim rov qab. Raws li Soviet cov ntaub ntawv, Cov neeg German poob 20 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, 16 phom tiv thaiv lub tank, peb poob-20 BT tso tsheb hlau luam, rau T-34s. Peb caug-plaub raug ntaus los ntawm 88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntxiv, German tankers, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm 88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, ua kom zoo dua ntawm txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv zoo, tsoo tawm, raws li lawv cov ntaub ntawv, 40-60 Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam, raws li peb cov ntaub ntawv, kev tshem tawm ntawm Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob thib 4 poob 11 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, tsoo 18 lub tsheb tso yeeb ncuab ntau dua. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum Lub Rau Hli 25, 88-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau rhuav tshem 9 KV, Soviet cov ntaub ntawv lees paub tus lej no.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 24, 6th Panzer Division ntawm Wehrmacht ntawm Reinhardt corps tau ntsib nrog 2nd Soviet lub tank faib ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab thib 3. Kev faib tebchaws Soviet muaj 30 KV, 220 BT thiab ntau lub kaum T-26, Kev faib Landgraf muaj 13 lub tso tsheb hlau luam (tsis muaj phom), 30 Panzer IV, 47 Panzer II, 155 Czech Panzer 35 (t). Tab sis cov neeg German muaj ntau hom phom loj, yog li ntawd, cov neeg German muaj peev xwm tawm tsam 30 KV, thiab tom qab ntawd mus tawm tsam ua ke nrog rau 1st Panzer Division, ib puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem 2nd Soviet Panzer Division.
Lub Wehrmacht los ntawm thawj hnub sib tsoo nrog lub tsheb tshiab Soviet, tab sis qhov no tsis txwv nws, nws muaj riam phom muaj peev xwm tsoo KV thiab T-34. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tau raug phom 105-mm (10.5 cm) thiab rab phom tiv thaiv 88-mm, qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm F. Halder.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog "tso tsheb hlau luam txuj ci tseem ceeb"
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab thaj tsam 10, rab phom 5 cm tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tawm tsam KV thiab T-34 thaum pib ua tsov rog, tab sis tom qab ntawd 50-hli Pak-38 tau pib ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, nws yog tau txais hauv xyoo 1940. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank nkag mus rau 78-mm homogeneous armor ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 metres, thiab qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ntaus KV thiab T-34 hauv cov xwm txheej zoo. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau tsoo lub npog ntsej muag pem hauv ntej ntawm T-34, lub plhaub taum pauv, nws tsuas tuaj yeem tsoo ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1, 1941, Wehrmacht muaj 1,047 ntawm cov phom no, raws li lawv cov khoom tau nce ntxiv, cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank tau pib txais lawv, lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tawm tsam KV thiab T-34 tau loj hlob tas li. Raws li NII-48 xyoo 1942, Pak-38 suav txog 51.6% ntawm kev phom sij txaus ntshai los ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ntaus.
50 mm PAK-38 rab phom.
105 hli German lub teeb pom kev zoo li cas.
Ib rab phom los ntawm koob nrov ntawm German phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 8, 8 cm FlaK 18, 36 thiab 37. Nws suav tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv cov dav hlau phom ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Nws tau siv tsis tau tsuas yog txhais tau tias tiv thaiv huab cua, tab sis kuj yog rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank, txij li tus qauv tiv thaiv lub tank phom loj ntawm cov neeg German xyoo 1941 tau dhau los ua tsis muaj zog rau Soviet hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam.
Teeb meem ntawm KV thiab T-34
Thaum lub plhaub thiab cov mos txwv loj loj tsoo KV, tus pej thuam tuaj yeem tsoo, ua rau lub kaus mom tiv thaiv. Lub cav KV muaj lub zog me me khaws cia, yog li lub cav feem ntau dhau los thiab ua kom sov, ua tsis tiav ntawm lub ntsiab thiab sab clutches. Tsis tas li ntawd, "Klim Voroshilov" tau qeeb, tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo. Diesel V-2 los ntawm kev pib ua tsov rog yog "nyoos", nws cov peev txheej tag nrho tsis pub dhau 100 teev ntawm kev sawv ntsug, 40-70 teev ntawm lub tank. Piv txwv: German roj av "Maybachs" ua haujlwm 300-400 teev, peb GAZ-203 (ntawm T-70 tso tsheb hlau luam) thiab M-17T (sawv ntawm BT-5, BT-7, T-28, T-35) txog 300 teev …
Hauv T-34, cov phom tiv thaiv phom ntawm 37-hli phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau thim cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 300-400 metres, thiab 20-mm cov cuab yeej ua rau ລູກ ປືນ zoo li tau khawb ob sab. Nrog kev tsoo lub projectile ncaj qha, tus neeg tsav tsheb lub hauv ntej hneev thiab "kua" ntawm lub tshuab rab phom, qhov tsis muaj zog, tsis ua tiav ntawm lub ntsiab thiab sab clutches poob los ntawm. Lub pob pob ntawm Dektyarev lub tank lub tshuab rab phom tau tsim los rau cov mos txwv thiab cov foob pob tawg, nws tsis tuav 37-mm zoo li. Lub hauv ntej ntawm lub tank tseem muaj teeb meem.
Tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab "tsoo" ua ntej mus txog kev sib ntaus, lossis raug tso tseg vim muaj kev tawg. Feem ntau, kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tuag hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, Wehrmacht tuav lawv ua tiav. Qhov seem ntawm "tsis yog kev sib ntaus sib tua" yog nkag siab heev, rau kev tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog, puas tsuaj rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam, uas tuaj yeem kho nyob rau lwm qhov xwm txheej (nrog lub hauv ntej ruaj khov lossis thaum lub sijhawm ua phem), yuam kom lawv tawg thiab tso tseg. Qhov no tseem muaj tseeb rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam uas tau siv roj tawm thaum tawm mus. Lub tank ntawm Wehrmacht, rov qab los xyoo 1943-1945, poob txog tib yam khoom siv vim tsis muaj peev xwm khiav tawm nws.
Cov Nazis tshuaj xyuas lub padded KV-1 nrog ntxiv. armored cov ntxaij vab tshaus.
Lwm txoj hauv kev ntawm Wehrmacht
Cov lus txib ntawm Wehrmacht, ntsib nrog lub tank tshiab Soviet, sim ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv lub peev xwm ntawm pab tub rog. Lub phom 75-mm Fab Kis ntawm lub xyoo 1897 tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank-lub cev rab phom tau muab tso rau ntawm PAK-38 lub tsheb. Tab sis cov txiaj ntsig tau me me, tsis muaj kev lees paub los tsoo Soviet lub taub hau taub hau, yog li lawv tau sim tsoo sab. Tab sis txhawm rau txhawm rau tsoo lub tank kom ua tiav, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsoo ntawm qhov deb ntawm 180-250 meters. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav luag tsis muaj cov cuab yeej ua phom rau nws, tsuas yog ua kom tawg thiab tawg tawg tawg tawg. Qhov tsis zoo thaum tua cov phom loj yog qhov qis ntawm qhov ncauj ntawm qhov projectile - li 450 m / s, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau suav cov hlau lead.
Cov tub rog Soviet tau tsoo nrog rab phom 75-mm ntawm German T-IV (Pz. IV) tso tsheb hlau luam siv cov mos txwv sib sau ua ke. Qhov no tsuas yog lub tank German uas muaj peev xwm tsoo T-34 thiab KV.
German 75-hli phom tiv thaiv lub tank nrog cov cuab yeej ua rog-tho thiab cov phom loj, PAK-40, Pak-41 phom (lawv tau tso tawm rau lub sijhawm luv luv thiab hauv cov pawg me) tau dhau los ua riam phom zoo tiv thaiv KV thiab T- 34. Pak-40 tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus tiv thaiv German tiv thaiv lub tank: xyoo 1942 lawv tsim 2114 chav, xyoo 1943-8740, xyoo 1944-11 728. Cov phom no tuaj yeem tsoo T-34s ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1200 meters. Muaj tseeb, muaj teeb meem ntawm cov hluav taws ncig, tom qab ob peb qhov kev txhaj tshuaj qhib cov neeg raug faus kom tob hauv av uas nws tsuas yog ua tau kom tso phom nrog kev pab los ntawm lub tsheb laij teb.
Ntawd yog, Wehrmacht raug yuam kom siv phom hnyav, txav qeeb tawm tsam lub tank Soviet tshiab, uas tsis yooj yim rau kev txav mus los puag ncig los ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv, dav hlau, thiab cov yeeb ncuab phom loj.
PAK-40 German 75mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank.
Cov txiaj ntsig
Cov lus dab neeg hais txog "Lavxias supertanks" muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo heev - nws txhawb kev siv tshuab, ua rau tib neeg tsis txaus ntseeg. Lawv hais tias cov neeg Lavxias muaj "tso tsheb hlau luam txaus ntshai", tab sis siv tsis tau lawv kom raug thiab thaum kawg thim rov qab mus rau Moscow.
Txawm hais tias nws tau pom meej tias txawm tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam tiv thaiv zoo muaj lawv qhov tsis muaj zog thiab muaj kev phom sij rau cov yeeb ncuab. Qhov no kuj muaj tseeb rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tshiab tshaj plaws - "tsov", "panthers". Muaj cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, phom hnyav lub cev, nws muaj peev xwm tsoo lub tank rau sab nrog phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tso tsheb hlau luam raug tsoo los ntawm kev ya dav hlau thiab cov phom loj, uas tau ntaus ua ntej kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog. Sai sai, ob qho tib si Wehrmacht thiab Red Army tau nce qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub tank thiab phom phom rau 75-mm.
Tsis tas yuav tsim lwm zaj dab neeg - "hais txog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab." Cov tub rog Soviet tshiab muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm "menyuam yaus", lawv raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab, thiab T-34 tsis yog rau qhov tsis suav tias yog lub tank zoo tshaj ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.
T-34 1941 tso tawm hauv Armored Museum hauv Kubinka.
