Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant tau rov pib tsim Su-25UB. Lawv kev tsim kho tau pib nyob rau xyoo dhau los ntawm kev muaj nyob ntawm USSR thiab nres hauv 90s, thiab tam sim no cov dav hlau no tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog pab kev qhia ntawm Air Force cov neeg ua haujlwm, tab sis kuj tsim lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov tsheb sib ntaus tshiab rau kev tawm tsam hauv av. dav hlau.
Ntawm qhov chaw cog aviation hauv Ulan-Ude, uas yog tam sim no yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias Nyoob hoom qav taub tuav (lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tam sim no: kev tsim kho ntawm Mi-171 lub dav hlau helicopters, kho thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm Mi-8 rotorcraft), nws tau npaj yuav rov qhib lub rooj sib txoos ntawm Su-25UB kev sib ntaus sib tua kev qhia dav hlau tua phom hauv kev txaus siab ntawm Lavxias Lub Nkoj Cua. Qhov no tau tshaj tawm los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Oboronprom kev txhawj xeeb, Andrei Reus, sau tseg tias qhov teeb meem rov pib tsim khoom tau pom zoo nrog United Aircraft Corporation. Raws li Reus, lub tsheb yuav tau txais ntau yam avionics niaj hnub no. Nws kuj tau sau tseg tias muaj peev xwm xa tawm siab ntawm Su-25 tsev neeg lub dav hlau, uas tau siv tsis tau tsim ua ntu zus txij li kev tawg ntawm Soviet Union.
Xav tau tsheb
Su-25 nres dav hlau, uas tau txais lub npe tsis raug cai "Rooks" hauv pab tub rog, yog tus piv txwv zoo ntawm kev pheej yig-rau-khiav lag luam thiab tsheb zoo rau kev txhawb nqa ncaj qha ntawm cov tub rog hauv av. Kev tsim kho ntawm ob lub rooj zaum ntawm lub dav hlau, npaj rau kev siv kev sib ntaus sib tua tag nrho, tau pib nyob rau xyoo 70s lig, tab sis cuam tshuam nrog kev npaj rau kev tso tawm qhov kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm lub dav hlau nres, tsim "ya simulator" "tau ncua sijhawm, thiab xyoo 1983 kev tsim kho lub tsheb sim tom qab ob xyoos ntawm kev sib dhos tsis tu ncua thiab nres tag nrho.
Cov kev ncua no coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau hauv chav sib ntaus yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau qhov tau txais los ntawm kev xa khoom tuaj: txhua lub sijhawm no, Soviet Air Force siv ob lub rooj L-39 Albatros ntawm Czechoslovak tuam txhab Aero rau kev qhia tsav dav hlau nres dav hlau, uas tau yuav ntau dua 15 xyoos los ntawm kwv yees li 2000 units. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Su-25UB kev teeb tsa ntawm Ulan-Ude cog tau pib tsim tsuas yog xyoo 1985.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lawv tswj tau tsim txog peb puas lub tsheb.
Hauv cov ntawv xa tawm (Su-25UBK), lub dav hlau hauv qhov ntau me me tau tswj kom tau mus rau Angola, Iraq, North Kauslim thiab Czechoslovakia tom qab xa cov yooj yim Su-25K nres dav hlau. Cov tsheb Kauslim tau raug xa mus rau 55th Aviation Regiment, thiab, raws li muaj cov ntaub ntawv, lawv tau khaws cia hauv qib siab ntawm kev npaj sib ntaus, tsis yog yam tsawg kawg vim yog qhov yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis ntawm kev saib xyuas, nrog rau cov khoom seem ntawm ntiaj teb kev ua lag luam caj npab (suav nrog cov nyob rau hauv grey »Ob tog). Tsis muaj leej twg pom Iraqi "rooks" tom qab 2003 (nws ntseeg tias lawv tuaj yeem raug coj mus rau Iran, raws li nws tau tshwm sim xyoo 1991), thaum Angolan sawv daws, raws li ntau qhov chaw, tam sim no tsis tsim nyog rau siv nquag. Cov neeg Czechoslovakian tau sib faib ntawm Czech thiab Slovak Cov Tub Rog Cua. Xyoo 2000, Cov Neeg Czech tau nqa tag nrho lawv lub dav hlau Su-25 rau khaws cia, muag qee yam rau Georgia, thiab Slovaks tau xa lawv lub dav hlau mus rau Armenia. Qee lub tebchaws African tseem tau txais kev qhia tawm tsam "kom qhuav" tom qab kev tawg ntawm USSR: qee qhov (Chad, Equatorial Guinea) - los ntawm Ukraine, lwm tus (Sudan thiab Cote d'Ivoire) - los ntawm Belarus.
Xws li thaj chaw me me txawv ntawm cov khoom siv qhia pom kev sib ntaus sib tua li cas "rook", zoo heev tsis yog rau kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm dav hlau, tab sis kuj tseem xa kev tawm tsam huab cua puv ntoob hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb, yog qhov xav tau hauv cov tebchaws txom nyem thib peb hauv ntiaj teb- feem ntau nyob hauv Africa, ntawm "sab av loj."
Kuj tseem muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tawm tsam kev sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau (Su-25UTG), tsim los xyaum coj mus thiab tsaws kev paub ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau ntawm Su-27K cov neeg tua rog raws li lub dav hlau hnyav nqa lub nkoj ntawm txoj haujlwm 1143.5 "Admiral Kuznetsov". Tam sim no, kev tsav dav hlau hauv nkoj tsis muaj ntau dua li kaum ob lub tshuab kev cob qhia, thiab yog qhov kev txiav txim siab los tsim lub dav hlau thauj khoom tshiab hauv tsev, lawv cov kwv tij hluas, sib sau ua ke hauv Ulan-Ude, nrog xov tooj cua tshiab hluav taws xob thiab kev tswj hwm tshiab., yuav zoo tuaj rau hauv qhov chaw.
Tsov rog tus kwv
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg ib qho tseem ceeb ib sab ntawm tus kheej, qhov tseem ceeb, kev txiav txim siab rov pib tsim kev tawm tsam kev qhia "rooks". Qhov tseeb yog tias Su-25UB kwv yees li 85 feem pua koom ua ke hauv kev tsim nrog Su-25T nres dav hlau (lawv kuj tseem "txo qis"), uas tau tsim thaum ntxov 80s los ntawm kev qhia dav hlau ntxaib, tom qab ntawd "thawb ib sab "lawv nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev kev tiv thaiv xaj …
Su-25T series ntawm lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua tau dhau los ua kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm Su-25 lub tswv yim, rov ua dua los ntawm "lub hom phiaj dav dav" nres dav hlau kom nqaim ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib ntaus cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv cov tsheb. Lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab tau ua nws lub davhlau thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1984, thiab pib ua huab cua tsim tawm tsuas yog xyoo 1990 ntawm Tbilisi lub dav hlau cog, thiab yog li ntawd, ua ntej kev tawg ntawm USSR, tsuas yog 12 lub dav hlau tau tsim nyob ntawd, thiab Lavxias Lub Nkoj Cua, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov tsis zoo heev ntawm kev sib nrauj ntawm cov koomhaum koom pheej, tau txais nws, raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, tsis pub ntau tshaj kaum ob. Cov dav hlau no tau ua tiav siv hauv Chechnya. Nws kuj tau tshaj tawm tias kwv yees li kaum tawm tus Su-25Ts tau sib sau ua ke hauv Tbilisi thaum xyoo 1992 thiab 1996. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis muaj peev xwm nrhiav pom ib qho cim ntawm cov dav hlau tua hauv Georgian Air Force, uas, pom tseeb, coj peb rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev xa khoom tsis raug cai ntawm Soviet riam phom mus rau ntiaj teb thib peb.
Xyoo 1995, thawj lub davhlau tau ua ntawm Ulan-Ude lub dav hlau cog, qhov kev hloov pauv thib ob ntawm tsev neeg no-Su-25TM, tsim los ntawm xyoo 1984. Txawm hais tias muaj lub cim ua haujlwm, lub tshuab no tsuas muaj kev teeb tsa kev sib raug zoo rau nws qhov kev tiv thaiv lub tank ua ntej ntawm "T" kev hloov kho. Kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tau ua rau cov avionics: ntxiv rau kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Shkval-M optoelectronic pom lub kaw lus, lub dav hlau tau txais Kopyo-25 cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm tswj hluav taws radar, nrog rau GPS / GLONASS satellite navigation receiver. Txhua qhov no tau nthuav dav nthuav tawm qhov peev xwm ntawm lub dav hlau tua.
Tam sim no lub tsheb tuaj yeem ntseeg tau siv yuav luag txhua qhov kev coj ua ntawm cov khoom siv phom hauv lub dav hlau, tsim nyog rau nws qhov hnyav thiab cov yam ntxwv loj. Lub foob pob hluav taws ntawm lub dav hlau suav nrog Kh-31A thiab X-35 tiv thaiv lub nkoj foob pob (lub dav hlau sib piv ntawm Uranium cov nkoj nkoj nkoj sib tw), Kh-31P thiab Kh-58 tiv thaiv radar cuaj luaj, X-25 thiab Kh-29 tua cov tsev neeg foob pob hluav taws, thiab foob pob hluav taws laser-coj 9K121 "Cua daj cua dub" thiab kho lub foob pob. Cov phom-rau-huab cua tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb: rau qhov qub R-60 lub foob pob hluav taws kub hnyiab, uas nyob hauv cov mos txwv rooks, cov qauv hnyav ntxiv tau ntxiv-R-73 (luv-ntau), R-27 thiab R-77 (nruab nrab). Yog li, Su-25TM tuaj yeem sawv rau nws tus kheej hauv kev sib ntaus hauv huab cua, thiab qee tus kws tshaj lij twb tau hu nws ua "lub dav hlau tua rog".
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, los ntawm lub dav hlau tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv lub tank, lub tsheb tshiab uas muaj ntau lub hom phiaj nres tau loj hlob. Tias yog vim li cas, hauv kev nyiam tshaj tawm, lawv tau pib tso tseg TM npav, thiab txij li xyoo 1996 qhov kev xa tawm ntawm Rook (Su-25TK) tau raug hu ua Su-39. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua tiav ntawm cov dav hlau tua tshiab tsis tau pib, txawm hais tias thaum xyoo 2000s qhov teeb meem no tau rov txiav txim dua. Tshwj xeeb, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2008, ntawm kev sib tham nthuav dav ntawm Ministry of Industry thiab Trade hauv Ulan-Ude, txoj haujlwm tau teeb tsa kom rov pib tsim Su-25UB thiab Su-25TM txij li lub sijhawm uas Ministry of Defense hais qhia nws cov kev xav tau rau cov hom dav hlau no.
Backlog rau yav tom ntej
Tam sim no, pom tseeb, peb tab tom tham txog kev qhia ntxiv txog daim ntawv thov ntawm Lavxias Lub Nkoj Tub Rog rau kev cob qhia tsheb sib ntaus. Xyoo tas los, raws li tus lej ntawm cov peev txheej, peb cov tub rog chav haujlwm tau xaj kom 16 lub dav hlau sib tua, txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv no tsis tau lees paub tseeb. Kev coj mus rau hauv tus account qib kev koom ua ke ntawm kev hloov kho "UB" thiab "TM", nws yog qhov ua tau kom cia siab kom pom meej dua hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab muab kev sib ntaus "humpback" rau cov tub rog.
Ulan-Ude cog hauv qhov no yuav dhau los ua tus sib tw rau lub xeev xaj kom txhim kho lub dav hlau ya dav hlau hauv tebchaws Russia nrog rau lub tsev kho tsheb loj thib 121 hauv Kubinka ze Moscow. Nws yog nyob ntawd uas tam sim no tab tom ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhim kho lub dav hlau Su-25 kom hloov pauv ntawm Su-25SM, uas yog cov neeg sib tw Buryat nres dav hlau raws li nws qhov kev sib ntaus zoo (tshwj xeeb, nws siv kev tsim kho qhov muag pom) RLPK-25SM, tsim los ntawm Kopyo-25 tshem tawm radar ).
Txawm li cas los xij, lub tsev 121st tsis yog lub tuam txhab tsim dav hlau dav hlau thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuab tshiab ntawm hom "SM", tab sis tsuas yog tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom tiav. Nyob rau lub sijhawm Soviet, lub taub hau kev lag luam rau Su-25 yog twb tau hais txog Tbilisi Aviation Plant, thiab ntawm kev lag luam hauv Ulan-Ude, uas yav dhau los tau tsim MiG-27 lub dav hlau tua rog, twb nyuam qhuav raug muab tso rau hauv Su-25UB kab.. Thaum ntxov 90s, txhua qhov kev txhim kho ntawm Su-25T tau raug xa mus rau qhov ntawd, tom qab ntawd lawv tau pib tsim cov qauv tshiab ntawm "TM" hauv peev Buryatia.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, xyoo 1992, Russia tau txais lub dav hlau dav hlau nkaus xwb uas tau tsim nrog "25s", uas muaj peev xwm tsim lub dav hlau tua tshiab, tab sis nws tsis muaj cov cuab yeej siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm "tus qauv" (thiab tsis yog "hunchback) ") version ntawm" rook ". Thiab txawm hais tias Ministry of Defense ob peb zaug nyob rau xyoo 2000 tau tshaj tawm tias tsis muaj lub dav hlau tua tshiab tau npaj los muab rau cov tub rog los ntawm 2020, tam sim no, raws li kev nthuav dav ntawm lub xeev kev tiv thaiv xaj, txoj haujlwm no yuav raug kho dua - yog tias Air Force txiav txim siab tias, ntxiv rau qhov hloov kho tshiab ntawm "SM" aviation tseem xav tau lub dav hlau tua tshiab.
Xws li, tsuas yog Su-25TM tuaj yeem thov, yog tias peb tshem tawm qhov kev sib tw rau lub tshuab tshiab raws li qhov kev xaiv uas kim dhau los ntawm lub sijhawm thiab peev txheej, thiab rov tsim cov cuab yeej tsim khoom hauv Ulan-Ude rau SM version tsis raug rau kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab siv zog rau kev tswj hwm vim li cas. Hauv qhov no, nws zoo li rov pib tsim cov Su-25UB hauv Buryat peev yuav ua "kev qhia" zoo rau kev npaj thev naus laus zis ntawm cov peev txheej tsim tawm tshiab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.
