Tus Fab Kis Fab Kis hauv MILITARIZATION NTAWM EASTERN EUROPE. ADVANTAGES THIAB DISADVANTAGES OF AIR DEFENSE NTAWM CSTO WESTERN FRONTIERS
Tam sim ntawd tom qab kev pom zoo pom zoo ntawm pob tom ntej ntawm kev tawm tsam Lavxias los ntawm Asmeskas Senate thaum Lub Rau Hli 15, 2017, nom Paris, sawv cev los ntawm tus hais lus ntawm Fab Kis Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Txom Nyem, tau thuam qhov kev txiav txim siab no vim nws qhov sib txawv nrog kev txaus siab ntawm coj Western European lub xeev. Qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, txij li daim ntawv teev npe tshiab ntawm kev txwv ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev lag luam tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg zog ntawm European Union. Tshwj xeeb, cov tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv Fab Kis cov tuam txhab hauv kev siv hluav taws xob zoo li Lub Cav, uas yog qhov deb dhau los ntawm qhov kawg hauv Nord Stream 2 txoj haujlwm, thiab Tag Nrho, uas yog tus tswv 20% tus tswv cuab, poob rau hauv kev xav tsis thoob thoob ntiaj teb skating rink. tsim cov kua roj liquefied "Yamal-LNG" thiab 50% ntawm cov peev txheej ntawm Kharyaga roj av hauv Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.
Txawm hais tias tsis txaus siab hais lus ntawm Paris, cov lus txib ntawm Fab Kis Cov Tub Rog, rov qhia dua rau hauv kev ua tub rog ntawm North Atlantic Alliance thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 2009, tau ua tiav koom nrog kev ua tub rog ntawm Baltic lub tebchaws uas nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Russia. Yog li, rov qab rau Lub Yim Hli 2016, Fab Kis Cov Tub Rog Cua tau hais kom hloov lub dav hlau ntawm 4 Mirage-2000-5 sib ntaus sib tua mus rau lub tebchaws Lithuanian lub tshav dav hlau hauv Siauliai txhawm rau saib xyuas lub dav hlau hla Hiav Txwv Baltic, nrog rau txoj kev hla tebchaws Lithuanian-Belarusian. Ntxiv mus, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 29, 2017, 4 Fab Kis MBT AMX-56 "Leclerc" tuaj txog ntawm cov chaw tub rog hauv Estonia, uas yog lub network tso siab tshaj tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm Western European tsim nrog ICONE TIS lub tank cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tswj hwm thiab FCS "Savan -20 ", 13 lub tsheb tua rog VBCI, nrog rau ntau lub VAB thiab VBL AFVs. Tag nrho cov "tswb" no qhia meej meej tias tsis hais txog qhov laj thawj ntawm kev sib cav sib cav ntawm tub rog ntawm Russia thiab NATO nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm, Fab Kis Pab Tub Rog Tub Rog, tshwj xeeb yog Tub Rog Tub Rog, yuav "nruj" koom nrog nws.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no Russia tau siv ntau lub tswv yim tiv thaiv txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm NATO tawm tsam "nrig" nyob sab Europe sab hnub tuaj. Tshwj xeeb, qhov siab tshaj plaws tau hais txog tau muab tso rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm koom pheej ntawm Belarus, uas yog txoj kab thib ob ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm CSTO, nrog rau cheeb tsam Kaliningrad, nyob rau sab hnub poob huab cua. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Kev Koom Tes Hauv Xeev thiab CSTO, Russia ob peb xyoos dhau los tau pub 2 S-400 Triumph tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau rau pab tub rog thiab Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Cua ntawm Belarus, nrog rau 4 pab tub rog thaum ntxov. S-300PS lub tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua.
Yog tias koj saib daim duab qhia chaw thiab ntsuas qhov ntev ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm Belarus nrog NATO cov tswv cuab hauv xeev, nws tau pom meej tias, suav nrog 12 S-300PT / PS thiab S-300V kev sib cais, nrog rau 4 pawg tub rog ntawm Buk kev tiv thaiv huab cua tiv thaiv kab mob, tus lej no yuav txaus los tsim ob txoj kab tiv thaiv tiv thaiv foob pob hluav taws nyob rau sab hnub poob mus rau CSTO. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tam sim no muaj kev tiv thaiv huab cua-tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem muab tsis tau tsuas yog rau qhov nruab nrab qhov siab thiab qhov siab ntawm ntu ntawm huab cua ciam teb ntawm koom pheej ntawm Belarus, tab sis kuj rau qhov qis qis, vim tias nws yog paub tias los tsim kev sib txuas radar txuas nruab nrab ntawm S-300/400 kev sib cais (suav nrog kev siv lub yees thoob ntiaj teb 40V6M thiab qhov tshwm sim hauv xov tooj cua), tom kawg yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 55-65 km ntawm ib leeg, yog li, los tsim ib thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm kev tiv thaiv huab cua qis-qis, raws li tau thov rau Belarus, 10 S-300PS lossis S-400 kev sib cais txaus.
Txhawm rau npog "thaj chaw tuag" ntawm "Peb puas / plaub puas", tau piav qhia los ntawm 5-3-kilometer radii los ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws 5P85S thiab 5P85TE2, Belarusian cov kws tiv thaiv huab cua muaj tsawg kawg 12 4-channel luv-range huab cua tiv thaiv tshuab "Tor- M2E ", ntxiv rau qee tus lej tsawg kawg zoo meej T38 Stilet cua tiv thaiv tshuab tsim los ntawm Belarusian kev tshawb fawb thiab koom haum tsim khoom Tetrahedr. Qhov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus ntawm Air Force thiab Air Defense ntawm Belarus tau piav qhia yooj yim los ntawm "chaw" tus nqi ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm Polish Air Force nrog kev cog lus ntev-ntau yam kev sib tw cruise missiles AGM-158A / B JASSM /- ER. Qhov cuab yeej ua kom pom tseeb no nrog EPR txog li 0.05-0.1m2 thiab dav dav siab txog 20-50 m, yog tias tau tshaj li Poland lossis Lithuania, tuaj yeem mus txog yuav luag txhua qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv Lavxias hauv Vologda, Nizhny Novgorod thiab Voronezh. JASSM-ER yog cov khoom lag luam hloov pauv ntau thiab ntxeev dua li Tomahawks.
Cov xov xwm tshiab hais txog kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Belarusian Air Force yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv cog lus rau kev yuav cov tub rog ntawm 12 Lavxias Su-30SMs nrog rau tus nqi tag nrho ntawm $ 600 lab, uas yuav muab tso rau hauv 2021. Txawm hais tias qhov "nyiam dua" tus nqi ntawm txhua lub dav hlau yuav yog kwv yees li $ 50 lab rau Minsk, cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab qhov qeeb ntawm kev muab cov neeg tua rog yuav raug siv los txo lub nra ntawm Belarusian kev lag luam. Txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm lub dav hlau tua rog ntawm Belarusian Air Force, nws tau pom meej tias daim ntawv cog lus no yuav tsum tau kos npe rov qab rau xyoo 2013 - 2014, thaum qhov txaus siab ntawm Baltic huab cua puag nrog Mirages, Typhoons thiab F -16C Thaiv 52+ yog tsawg heev. Tam sim no nws yuav nyuaj heev los ua "qhov hloov pauv" hauv qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsuas yog ib pab pawg ntawm 12 lub dav hlau tau xaj. Thiab qhov no yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau sab hnub poob huab cua kev coj, qhov uas tus yeeb ncuab qhov zoo tshaj yog kaum npaug! Tab sis ntawm no qhov teeb meem tsis tseem ceeb, vim tias nrog qhov pom ntawm qhov me me ntawm kev nce mus rau hauv qhov chaw dav dav ntawm koom pheej ntawm Belarus, ntau pawg tub rog ntawm Lavxias Aerospace Force yuav tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, sawv cev los ntawm Su-35S, Su-27SM thiab MiG-35 cov neeg tua rog, uas tseem ceeb ua ntej ntawm F-16C Thaiv 52+ thiab "Typhoons", uas tau ua haujlwm nrog Tub Rog Cua ntawm Tebchaws Poland thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.
Muaj teeb meem ntau ntxiv nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev txhim kho txoj haujlwm tshiab ntawm Fabkis txoj haujlwm ntau lub luag haujlwm ntawm 4 ++ tiam "Rafale". Tam sim no Fab Kis Cov Tub Rog Huab Cua muaj kwv yees li 110 txoj haujlwm Rafale F2 / 3s. Txij li xyoo 2013, qee lub tsheb no tau txais cov radars hauv lub nkoj nrog RBE2 AESA lub teeb ua haujlwm tsis yog lub radars tiam dhau los nrog RBE2 PESA passive PFAR. Lub zog ntsuas ntawm qhov hloov tshiab nrog AFAR yog li 65% siab dua li ntawm PFAR radar. Yog tias Rafali F2 / 3 nrog RBE2 PESA radar pom lub hom phiaj ntawm Su-30SM hom ntawm kev ncua deb txog 120 km, thiab MiG-29SMT-txog 90 km, yam tsis muaj qhov ua tau zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntev Su-27SM, tom qab ntawd Rafali nrog lub tshiab RBE2 AESA radars, lawv tuaj yeem ntes lawv ntawm qhov deb ntawm 140-190, thiab qhov no hloov pauv qhov xwm txheej. Yog tias peb piv cov ntawv "Rafale" no nrog Su-30SM, tom qab ntawd peb tau txais daim duab hauv qab no: radar Н011М "Bars" muaj lub zog zoo ib yam nrog Fabkis RBE2 AESA, tab sis vim li ntawm 7-10 zaug tsawg dua EPR " Rafal "(1 piv rau 12 m2), tus kws tsav dav hlau Fab Kis yuav txheeb xyuas" Kom Qhuav "ntau dua ua ntej (ntawm qhov deb 200 km), thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm peb cov neeg tua rog yuav ntes tus" Frenchman "nyob deb 140-150 km.
Niaj hnub no, qhov tsis txaus ntawm Su-30SM nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Rafal yuav tsis cuam tshuam loj heev rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tw huab cua tsis sib xws, vim tias MICA-IR / EM nruab nrab-ntau lub dav hlau ya dav hlau tseem tseem yog riam phom tseem ceeb ntawm huab cua zoo tshaj ntawm Rafal. Cov foob pob hluav taws mus rau saum huab cua no tau nruab nrog AD4A qib siab nrhiav nrhiav radar (ARGSN) ua haujlwm hauv Ku-band ntawm centimeter nthwv dej (zoo ib yam li ARGSN siv hauv Aster-15/30 tus cuam tshuam cov cuaj luaj), muaj roj-dav hlau thrust vector tswj qhov system, tso cai rau maneuver nrog ntau dhau ntawm ntau dua 50 units; tab sis lawv kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo pom - qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm huab cua lub hom phiaj nyob rau pem hauv ntej lub ntiaj teb mus txog tsuas yog 60 - 65 km (tsawg dua li ntawm kev hloov kho thawj zaug ntawm R -77). Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm qhov me me ntawm MICA cov foob pob, peb Su-30SM tau nruab nrog ntau RVV-SD niaj hnub no (Khoom 170-1), thaj tsam uas mus txog 110 km. Yog li, tsis yog lub zog onboard radar tsis muaj qhov txaus me me radar kos npe ntawm airframe tuaj yeem txuag Rafale kev hloov kho hauv cov chav sib ntaus.
Qhov xwm txheej yuav tsis zoo rau Fab Kis cov kws tsav dav hlau yog tias Su-30SM lossis Su-35S, nruab nrog lub ntim rau tus kheej thiab pab pawg tiv thaiv L-265 Khibiny-M / U cov tshuab hluav taws xob ua rog, ua raws li kev sib tw. "Proran" lub chaw soj ntsuam hluav taws xob passive txuas nrog rau cov teeb meem yuav raug txiav txim siab ntau zaus ntawm RBE2 AESA radar, tom qab ntawd L-265 cov qauv tso tawm yuav pib cuam tshuam, txo qhov ntau ntawm Rafal huab cua los ntawm 2-3 zaug. Tab sis Dassault Aviation tsis muaj phiaj xwm nres ntawm Rafale ntawm F2 / 3 kev hloov kho.
Yog li, thaum Lub Rau Hli 20, 2017, cov tub rog-txuj ci xov xwm peev txheej tiv thaiv-aerospace.com, nrog rau Fab Kis Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg, tshaj tawm tias Rafale F3-R ntau lub luag haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua tau ua tiav kev npaj sib ntaus sib tua xyoo 2018; nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, kev saws cov tshuab rau kev ua tub rog ntawm chav sib ntaus ntawm Fab Kis Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog yuav tsum pib. Kev hloov kho F3-R muab rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm pob khoom kho vajtse ntxiv rau avionics, uas hloov kho tus neeg sib ntaus rau kev siv TALIOS kho qhov muag-hluav taws xob pom kev ua haujlwm hauv TV thiab pom duab pom. Lub taub ntim tau muab tso rau ntawm chav tsev ncua ntxiv hauv qab cov cua ntawm txoj cai kom nkag tau mus rau huab cua. Lub kaw lus kho qhov muag tau zoo rau kev nce qib TV hauv TV, ua ke nrog digital zoom, tso cai rau kev nthuav dav tag nrho ntawm 60-70X (lub kaum sab xis pom yog 0.77x0.58 °). Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua zoo, lub TV TV ntawm TALIOS lub thawv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas hom tank ntawm qhov deb ntawm 40-50 km thiab lub corvette / frigate - txog 70 km.
Cov infrared channel muaj tag nrho kev nthuav dav (kho qhov muag + digital) ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 45-50X, uas yog qhov zoo heev rau kev ntsuas cua sov. Cov duab hluav taws xob infrared matrix "TALIOS" ua haujlwm nyob hauv nruab nrab qhov nruab nrab qhov ntev nrog qhov ntev ntawm 3-5 microns, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tsuas yog "kub" cov khoom hauv av, tab sis kuj rau cov khoom uas qhov kub sib txawv tsuas yog 3 - 5 ° C los ntawm ib puag ncig Piv txwv li, nrog qib siab ntawm qhov tshwm sim, tsis tshua muaj chaw sov ntawm lub cav-kis tau tus mob ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab, uas tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw xa khoom ob peb teev dhau los, yuav raug kuaj pom, thiab siv cov phom loj, uas nws cov phom tseem sov los ntawm hmoov av nkos, tseem yuav kuaj pom yam tsis nyuaj. TALIOS kuj tseem muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv huab cua-rau-huab cua hom, thiab yog li ntawd tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm OSF optoelectronic complex, lub sensor uas nyob ntawm xub ntiag ntawm lub dav hlau cockpit. Kev siv ua ke ntawm kev siv lub ntsuas hluav taws xob passive optoelectronic sensors "TALIOS" thiab OSF yuav tig "Rafale F3-R" mus rau hauv kev ua kom muaj zog ntau dua kev sib ntaus sib tua tsheb uas tsis qhia nws qhov chaw kom txog rau thaum lub sijhawm kawg vim yog tua RBE2 AESA radar thiab me EPR hauv kev sib piv nrog Su-30SM lossis Su-27SM. Tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev kho qhov muag tsuas yog qhov kev cia siab tseem ceeb ntawm cov xwm txheej huab cua.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Rafale kev sib ntaus sib tua ntau yam ntawm F3-R kev hloov kho yog qhov ua tau ntawm kev siv lub foob pob hluav taws ntev MBDA "Meteor" nrog lub cav ramjet. Raws li peb twb tau tswj hwm los nrhiav pom hauv cov haujlwm yav dhau los, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm URVV muaj peev xwm ua kom nrawm mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 4800 km / h nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev ya dav hlau, uas tsuas yog ua tau rau Suav PL-12D, PL-21, nrog rau kev sim PL-15 nrog thaj tsam kwv yees 250-300 km. Yog li, yog tias koj "twist" AIM-120D ntawm qhov deb ntawm 150-160 km los ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom yuav yooj yim dua vim qhov poob ntawm qhov nrawm mus txog 2000 km / h, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm "ntes tau" "txoj hauv kev nrog kev tswj hwm, tom qab ntawd tshem tawm" ncaj-ntws "URVV los ntawm tib txoj kev" Meteor "ntawm qhov deb ntawm 140 km ntawm qhov chaw pib tsis zoo li yuav ua haujlwm. Tam sim no, peb lub dav hlau tua hluav taws, xa mus rau huab cua puag hauv European feem ntawm Russia, tuaj yeem tawm tsam Meteora tshwj xeeb nrog kev tshem tawm hluav taws xob tiv thaiv ntawm Khibiny-M / U tsev neeg, tus qauv dipole reflectors, nrog rau huab cua ntev-ntau cov foob pob hluav taws R -37 / RVV -BD.
Ntau tus tuaj yeem tsom mus rau tam sim ntawd ntawm RVV-BD thiab sim ua rau cov neeg nyeem ntseeg tias cov cuaj luaj no ntawm Su-35S thiab MiG-31BM txaus txaus kom ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj qhov "me-caliber" "Rafal" nrog nws "Meteors", tab sis Peb nrawm kom chim siab: RVV-BD, nrog rau tag nrho nws 280 km ntawm thaj tsam, tau tsim los txhawm rau txhawm rau cuam tshuam cov suab qis thiab ua suab nrov nrov, nrog rau AWACS thiab cov dav hlau muaj zog nrog lub foob pob hnyav thiab foob pob "khoom" ntawm ntau ntawm ntau dua 150 km (ntau tshaj qhov hnyav los ntawm R-37 / RVV-BD lub hom phiaj yog 7-8G). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev cuam tshuam loj heev nruab nrab ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws muaj lub zog loj loj nres nres. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav nyuaj heev rau tua lub hom phiaj "nquag" xws li "Rafale" nrog kev pab los ntawm R-37. Kev tsim kho tshiab "Rafale F3-R" yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev tau txais huab cua zoo dua li Su-30SM, Su-35 thiab MiG-35 txog thaum URVV hauv tsev nrog RVV-AE-PD ib feem ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws ramjet mus rau qhov loj -cov ntau lawm ("Khoom -180PD"), thiab ib tus tuaj yeem npau suav txog nws -tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev txhim kho txoj haujlwm txij li xyoo 2013.
Raws li qhov yuav ua rau muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv huab cua ntawm peb cov neeg sib ntaus thiab Rafale F3-R, cov duab ib txwm nyob. Rafal lub dav hlau ya tau tsim raws li lub tshuab tsis muaj lub dav hlau aerodynamic thiab tau nruab nrog lub taub hau txav mus los tau tom ntej, uas ua rau nce tus nqi ntawm lub suab tig mus txog 27-30 deg / s, uas yog me ntsis zoo dua li ntawm MiG-29SMT thiab Su-27SM (22 thiab 23 deg / s, ntsig txog), tsis muaj cuab yeej tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuab no yuav tuaj yeem yeej qhov "pov tseg rau dev" los ntawm "Frenchman" vim muaj peev xwm ua tau "Pugachev Cobra" thiab kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm kev ya dav hlau R-73, nrog rau kev sim ntawm cov kws sim. Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau ua qhov ntev "nquag" sib ntaus sib tua huab cua nrog "Rafal", txij li nws lub zog-rau-qhov hnyav piv ntawm qhov hnyav ib txwm nqa mus txog qhov hnyav 1.1 kgf / kg, thiab qhov no tso cai rau koj kom tswj tau qhov siab ceev rau maneuvering. Ntxiv mus, zoo li txhua yam "tsis muaj qhov kawg" (nco txog lub dav hlau aerobatics ntawm "Mirage -2000C / -5"), "Rafale" muaj qhov yooj yim zoo nkauj npaum li cas, uas yog 1.5 npaug siab dua li ntawm Su -27 thiab MiG tsev neeg. -29, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txav lub tsheb mus rau qhov xav tau ntawm kev sib ntaus tig nrawm dua.
Su-30SM thiab Su-35S kev sib ntaus sib tua super-maneuverable ntawm 4 ++ tiam, nruab nrog lub zog tiv thaiv vector deflection system, tuaj yeem yooj yim "twist" Rafale F3-R hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua huab cua. Tshwj xeeb, Su-35S, txawm tias tsis tau siv OVT, tau nce kev tswj hwm lub zog thiab lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm qhov tig los sib piv nrog ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm Su-27 thiab Su-30, ua tsaug rau kev siv 16% muaj zog dua AL- 41F1S lub cav turbojet nrog lub zog tag nrho ntawm 29,000 kgf, vim qhov kev sib zog-rau-qhov hnyav tau teeb tsa ntawm 1, 15 kgf / kg. Tab sis raws li koj nco, hauv huab cua kev sib cav ntawm lub xyoo pua XXI, nws yuav tsis tshua muaj neeg mus txog kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv qhov txwv ntawm kev pom kev pom: qhov ntev "duel" feem ntau yuav mus txog nws qhov apogee rau qhov txwv ntawm kev pom kev, thiab, ua tsaug rau peb ncua nrog RVV-AE-PD txoj haujlwm, "Rafale F3-R" twb nyob rau xyoo 2018 yuav tau txais txoj cai tshwj xeeb hauv kev muaj huab cua sib tsoo hauv Baltics, nrog rau Central thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj Europe.
