Hauv kab lus kawg, peb tau tshuaj xyuas kom ntxaws txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev caij nkoj ntawm Txoj Haujlwm Invincible, thiab tam sim no peb yuav xam seb lawv pom lawv tus kheej li cas hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab thaum kawg suav qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub voj voog no.
Thawj qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua, nyob ze Falklands, nrog pab pawg German ntawm Maximilian von Spee, tau piav qhia ntxaws txaus hauv ntau qhov chaw, thiab niaj hnub no peb yuav tsis nyob ntawm nws kom ntxaws (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li tus sau tsab xov xwm no npaj yuav ua lub voj voog ntawm keeb kwm ntawm pab pawg tua phom ntawm von Spee), tab sis cia peb nco qee qhov tsis sib xws.
Oddly txaus, tab sis txawm hais tias muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov phom, tsis yog Invincible lossis Inflexible tsis muaj qhov zoo dua hauv kev tua ntau dua li German cruisers. Raws li peb tau hais los lawm, kev tua ntau ntawm 305-mm rab phom loj ntawm thawj tus tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua yog txog 80, 7 kab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, German turret mounts ntawm 210 mm phom muaj kwv yees li 10% ntau dua - 88 kab. Muaj tseeb, cov phom loj 210-mm ntawm Scharnhorst thiab Gneisenau muaj lub kaum sab xis siab dua thiab tsuas tuaj yeem tua hluav taws ntawm 67 kab.
Yog li ntawd, nrog txhua qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov rog, kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem tsis tau dhau los ua "kev ua si ib leeg". Qhov no tau ua pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus thawj coj Askiv Sturdy tau txiav txim siab nws tus kheej yuam kom ua txhaum qhov deb thiab mus dhau ntawm rab phom German mus txog 19 feeb tom qab Scharnhorst thiab Gneisenau tau qhib tua hluav taws ntawm cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua. Tau kawg, nws rov qab los tom qab …
Feem ntau, thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv German thiab cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua, cov hauv qab no tau meej dua.
Ua ntej, Cov neeg Askiv tsis zoo ntawm kev tua ntawm qhov ze ze rau qhov txwv. Hauv thawj teev, Inflexible siv 150 lub plhaub ntawm qhov deb ntawm 70-80 kab, uas tsawg kawg yog 4, tab sis tsis ntau dua 6-8 tau raug rho tawm ntawm lub nkoj cruiser Leipzig, uas kaw German kem, thiab so ntawm Gneisenau. Tib lub sijhawm, hauv kev xav ntawm Askiv, 3 tsoo hauv "Gneisenau" tau ua tiav - txawm hais tias nws yog lossis tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau txiav txim, vim hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua koj feem ntau pom qhov koj xav tau, thiab tsis yog dab tsi tshwm sim tiag tiag. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Infelxible tus tub ceev xwm tua phom loj, Tus Thawj Coj Werner, khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws txog kev tsoo ntawm Gneisenau, thiab tom qab ntawd, tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua, nug cov tub ceev xwm uas raug cawm los ntawm Gneisenau. Tab sis nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias txoj hauv kev no tsis tau lees tias muaj kev ntseeg tau zoo, txij li cov tub ceev xwm German, lees txais kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv ntiaj teb, ntsib kev nyuaj siab hnyav, tab sis lawv tseem yuav tsum ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm. Tib lub sijhawm, lawv, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tuaj yeem taug qab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tua neeg Askiv. Piv txwv tias thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua no, cov neeg Askiv tseem tswj kom ua tiav 2-3 zaug hauv "Gneisenau" nrog kev siv 142-146 lub plhaub rau nws, peb muaj feem pua ntawm kev sib tsoo sib npaug rau 1, 37-2, 11, thiab qhov no, feem ntau, yuav luag yog qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws.
Qhov thib ob, peb raug yuam kom hais qhia qhov kev qias neeg ntawm British cov plhaub. Raws li cov neeg Askiv, lawv ua tiav 29 zaug ntawm Gneisenau thiab 35-40 tsoo ntawm Scharnhorst. Hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Jutland (raws li Puzyrevsky cov ntaub ntawv), 7 tsoo ntawm cov phom loj loj uas xav tau los rhuav tshem Kev Tiv Thaiv, Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv Dub-15, thiab Tus Tub Rog, tau txais 15 305-mm thiab 6 150-mm zoo li, thaum kawg tuag ib yam nkaus, txawm hais tias pab pawg tau tawm tsam rau lub nkoj caij nkoj ntxiv 13 teev. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias Scharnhorst-class armored cruisers muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, txawm tias muaj zog me dua li Invincible-class battlecruisers, thiab cov Germans tsis siv ntau lub plhaub rau ntawm ib tus tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua uas tuag hauv Jutland zoo li ntawm cov nkoj ntawm pawg tub rog von Spee. Thiab thaum kawg, koj tuaj yeem nco Tsushima. Txawm hais tias tus naj npawb ntawm 12-nti Nyij Pooj "thawv rau khaub ncaws" tsoo lub nkoj Lavxias tsis paub, cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau siv 446,305-mm projectile hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawd, thiab txawm hais tias peb xav tias kaw 20% ntawm kev tsoo, txawm tias tom qab ntawd lawv cov lej tag nrho tsis tshaj 90 - tab sis rau tag nrho pab tub rog, txawm tias qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hom "Borodino" tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo dua li cov tub rog caij nkoj tiv thaiv German.
Thaj, vim li cas qhov ua tau zoo tsawg ntawm British cov plhaub yog lawv ntim. Raws li lub tebchaws muaj kev thaj yeeb, Invincible tso siab rau 80 lub foob rau ib rab phom 305-mm, uas muaj 24 rab phom-phom, 40 rab phom ib nrab-tho thiab 16 lub foob pob tawg, thiab tsuas yog lub foob pob tawg loj tau nruab nrog liddite, thiab tas nrog cov hmoov dub. Hauv lub sijhawm ua rog, tus naj npawb ntawm cov mos txwv ib rab phom tau nce mus rau 110, tab sis kev faib ua feem ntawm cov hom ntawm cov mos txwv tseem zoo ib yam. Ntawm tag nrho ntawm 1,174 lub plhaub uas cov neeg Askiv tau siv rau ntawm lub nkoj German, tsuas muaj 200 lub foob pob tawg loj (39 lub foob pob los ntawm Invincible thiab 161 lub foob pob los ntawm qhov tsis yooj yim). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua lub nkoj nrhiav kom siv cov foob pob tawg loj los ntawm qhov deb tshaj plaws, los ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv tsis xav tias yuav nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, thiab thaum lawv mus txog, lawv hloov mus rau cov cuab yeej siv phom, thiab nws tuaj yeem xav tias (txawm hais tias nws tseem tsis tau paub meej) tias Askiv tau siv lawv cov pob zeb hauv av hauv thawj theem ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, thaum qhov tseeb ntawm lawv qhov kev ntaus tawm mus ntau qhov xav tau, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov tsoo tau muab los ntawm cov plhaub nrog cov hmoov dub.
Qhov thib peb, ib zaug ntxiv nws tau pom tseeb tias lub nkoj ua rog yog kev sib xyaw ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab kev ua phem, qhov muaj peev xwm ua ke uas tso cai rau nws (lossis tsis tso cai) ua tiav daws cov haujlwm uas tau hais tseg. Cov neeg German hauv lawv qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg tau raug ntaus kom raug, tau ua tiav 22 (lossis, raws li lwm qhov chaw, 23) ntaus hauv Invincible thiab 3 ntaus hauv Qhov Tsis Txaus - qhov no, tau kawg, yog tsawg dua li ntawm Askiv, tab sis, tsis zoo li Askiv, Germans qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no tau ploj, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem thov los ntawm cov nkoj German, raug ntaus hauv cov thoob khib nyiab, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov nkoj Askiv yuav luag tsis zoo. Ntawm 22 qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, 12 tau ua nrog 210-mm zoo li, lwm 6-150-mm, hauv lwm 4 (lossis tsib) kis, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm lub plhaub tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab. Hauv qhov no, 11 lub foob pob tsoo lub lawj, 4 - sab caj npab, 3 - sab tsis muaj phom, 2 tsoo hauv qab cov kab dej, ib qho tsoo lub phaj pem hauv ntej ntawm 305 -mm turret (lub turret tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam) thiab lwm lub plhaub cuam tshuam ib qho ntawm peb "ob txhais ceg" ntawm British mast … Txawm li cas los xij, Invincible tsis tau txais kev puas tsuaj uas ua rau lub nkoj muaj peev xwm sib ntaus. Yog li, Invincible-class battlecruisers tau qhia txog lub peev xwm los rhuav tshem cov qub tub rog tiv thaiv nkoj, ua rau muaj kev txiav txim siab puas tsuaj rau lawv nrog lawv cov phom 305-mm nyob deb ntawm qhov uas tom qab cov phom loj tsis txaus ntshai rau kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Dogger Bank thiab Heligoland Bight ntxiv tsis muaj dab tsi rau kev sib ntaus zoo ntawm thawj tus neeg sib ntaus sib tua Askiv. Indomiteable tau tawm tsam ntawm Dogger Bank
Tab sis nws ua tsis tau pov thawj nws tus kheej. Nws tau muab tawm tias qhov nrawm ntawm 25.5 pob txha tsis txaus rau kev koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers, yog li ntawd hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nws thiab thib ob "kaum ob-nti" sib ntaus sib tua cruiser New Zealand poob qab lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm Admiral Beatty. Raws li, Indomiteble tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg German, tab sis tsuas yog koom nrog hauv kev tua Blucher, tsoo los ntawm 343-mm lub plhaub. Leej twg kuj tau tswj hwm los teb nrog ib lub 210-mm projectile, uas tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov neeg Askiv cruiser (ricochet). Invincible tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Heligoland Bay, tab sis lub sijhawm ntawd cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua tsis tau ntsib nrog tus yeeb ncuab sib npaug.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Jutland yog qhov teeb meem sib txawv.
Tag nrho peb lub nkoj ntawm hom no tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no, yog ib feem ntawm pawg thib 3 sib ntaus sib tua hauv qab cov lus txib ntawm Rear Admiral O. Hood, uas tau hais kom cov tub rog tso siab rau nws nrog kev txawj thiab siab tawv.
Thaum tau txais qhov kev txiav txim txuas nrog cov neeg caij nkoj ntawm David Beatty, O. Hood tau coj nws pab tub rog mus tom ntej. Lub nkoj caij nkoj ntawm Pab Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Nyuaj Siab thib 2 yog thawj tus tuaj hla, thiab ntawm 17.50 los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 49 kab tsis pom kev thiab tsis hloov pauv tau qhib hluav taws thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau Wiesbaden thiab Pillau. Cov neeg caij nkoj lub teeb tau tig mus, txhawm rau kom lawv khiav dim, cov neeg German tau cuam tshuam cov neeg rhuav tshem mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam. Thaum 18.05 O. Hood tig mus, vim tias pom tsis zoo, qhov kev tawm tsam no yeej muaj txoj hauv kev ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, "Invincible" tswj kev puas tsuaj "Wiesbaden" kom tom kawg poob nws qhov nrawm, uas, tom qab ntawd, tau txiav txim siab ua ntej nws tuag.
Tom qab ntawd, ntawm 18.10 ntawm pawg thib 3 ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers, D. Beatty lub nkoj tau pom thiab ntawm 18.21 O. Hood coj nws cov nkoj mus rau tom hav zoov, ua txoj haujlwm nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus chij flagship. Thiab thaum 18.20, Cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua German tau pom, thiab pawg thib 3 ntawm cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua tau qhib hluav taws ntawm Lyuttsov thiab Derflinger.
Ntawm no peb yuav tsum ua qhov digression me me - qhov tseeb yog twb tau dhau los ntawm kev ua tsov rog, cov tub rog Askiv tau rov nruab nrog lub plhaub ntim nrog liddit thiab tib yam "Invincible", raws li lub xeev, yuav tsum nqa 33 cov cuab yeej ua rog. -piercing, 38 semi-armor-piercing thiab 39 lub foob pob tawg loj, thiab los ntawm nruab nrab xyoo 1916 (tab sis nws tsis paub meej tias lawv muaj peev xwm mus txog Jutland), lub mos txwv tshiab thauj khoom ntawm 44 cov cuab yeej-tho, 33 ib nrab-armor- tho thiab 33 lub foob pob tawg loj tau teeb tsa ib rab phom. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Cov Neeg Germans (yog, tib Haase), Askiv kuj siv lub plhaub ntim nrog cov hmoov dub hauv Jutland, uas yog, nws tuaj yeem xav tias tsis yog txhua lub nkoj Askiv tau txais cov pob zeb liddite, thiab qhov twg yog qhov thib 3 pawg tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers raug rho tawm haujlwm nrog tus sau ntawm kab lus no tsis paub.
Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, Cov neeg German tau sau tseg tias cov foob pob hauv tebchaws Askiv, raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj cov cuab yeej ua kom zoo zoo, vim tias lawv tau tawg ib lub sijhawm ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm cov cuab yeej, lossis tam sim ntawd tom qab kev tawg ntawm cov phaj phom, tsis muaj mus tob rau hauv lub hull. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub zog tawg ntawm lub plhaub yog loj txaus, thiab lawv ua qhov loj nyob rau ob sab ntawm cov nkoj German. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li lawv tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub hull, lawv qhov kev cuam tshuam tsis txaus ntshai li ntawm cov riam phom zoo li qub.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, liddit yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog trinitrophenol, cov khoom uas tau hu ua melinitis hauv Russia thiab Fabkis, thiab shimose hauv Nyij Pooj. Qhov tawg no yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub cev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tawg tau zoo ntawm nws tus kheej thaum lub sijhawm ua kom puas tsuaj, txawm tias lub fuse ntawm cov cuab yeej siv phom-tho qhov projectile tau teem rau qhov tsim nyog ncua. Vim li no, liddite tsis zoo li kev daws teeb meem zoo rau nruab nws nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom, thiab yog li ntawd, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi thib 3 sib ntaus sib tua cruiser squadron hauv Jutland raug rho tawm, tsis muaj cov cuab yeej zoo-phom zoo li ntawm nws cov mos txwv.
Tab sis yog tias Askiv muaj lawv, qhov qhab nia kawg ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Jutland yuav dhau los ua qhov sib txawv me ntsis. Qhov tseeb yog tias, tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog German sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm qhov deb ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 54 kab, Askiv sai sai txo nws thiab qee qhov taw tes tsis pub tshaj 35 kab los ntawm cov neeg German, txawm hais tias tom qab ntawd qhov kev ncua deb tau nce. Qhov tseeb, lo lus nug ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ntu kev sib ntaus sib tua no tseem qhib, txij li Askiv tau pib nws (raws li Askiv) ntawm 42-54 cables, tom qab ntawd (raws li Cov Neeg German) qhov kev ncua deb tau txo mus rau 30-40 kab., tab sis tom qab ntawd, thaum cov neeg Germans pom "Invincible" nws yog 49 kab los ntawm lawv. Nws tuaj yeem xav tias tsis muaj kev sib tham, tab sis tej zaum nws tau muaj nyob. Qhov tseeb yog tias O. Hood tau ua txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov nkoj German - vim qhov pom tau tias mus rau Askiv tau phem dua li mus rau cov neeg German, nws tuaj yeem pom Lutzov thiab Derflinger zoo, tab sis lawv tsis ua. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias O. Hood tau txav mus los kom ze rau tus yeeb ncuab li sai tau, tseem tshuav qhov tsis pom nws. Txhawm rau qhia qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog qhov tseeb uas nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb cov neeg German pom nws lossis tsis yog … Txawm li cas los xij, ib tus tuaj yeem hais ib yam - rau qee lub sijhawm cov tub rog thib 3 ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers tau tawm tsam "nrog ib lub hom phiaj." Nov yog yuav ua li cas cov tub rog loj ntawm Derflinger von Haase piav qhia qhov rov:
Thaum 1824 teev kuv tau tua ntawm cov yeeb ncuab sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Qhov kev ncua deb me me heev - 6000 - 7000 m (30-40 cab.), Thiab, txawm li cas los xij, cov nkoj tau ploj mus nyob rau hauv cov pos huab, uas maj mam nthuav tawm sib cuam tshuam nrog cov pa luam yeeb thiab cov pa luam yeeb los ntawm cov chimney.
Saib cov plhaub poob yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua. Feem ntau, tsuas yog pom hauv qab. Tus yeeb ncuab pom peb zoo dua li peb pom nws. Kuv hloov mus rau kev tua ntawm thaj tsam, tab sis vim yog pos huab nws tsis pab ntau. Yog li pib qhov tsis sib xws, tawv ncauj sib ntaus. Ob peb lub foob pob loj tau tsoo peb thiab tawg hauv lub nkoj. Tag nrho lub nkoj tawg ntawm cov nqaws dej thiab tsoo ntau zaus kom khiav tawm ntawm cov npog. Nws tsis yooj yim los tua raws li qhov xwm txheej no."
Raws li cov xwm txheej no, hauv 9 feeb O. Hood lub nkoj tau ua tiav zoo, tsoo Lutzov nrog yim yim 305-mm zoo li, thiab Derflinger nrog peb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog lub sijhawm no "Luttsov" tau txais tshuab, uas, thaum kawg, ua rau nws tuag taus.
Cov foob pob hauv tebchaws Askiv tsoo lub hneev nti ntawm "Lyuttsov" hauv qab txoj hlua khi, ua rau muaj dej nyab ntawm txhua qhov hneev nti, cov dej lim rau hauv cov phom loj ntawm cov hneev. Lub nkoj yuav luag tam sim ntawd nqa ntau dua 2,000 tons ntawm dej, tsaws nrog hneev taw ntawm 2.4 m thiab, vim tias qhov kev puas tsuaj tau qhia, tsis ntev tau raug yuam kom tawm hauv qhov system. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog cov dej nyab no, uas dhau los ua tsis tau tswj, uas ua rau "Lyuttsov" tuag.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib qho ntawm cov tub rog Askiv uas tsoo Derflinger tau tawg hauv dej pem hauv ntej ntawm 150mm rab phom # 1, ua rau cov tawv nqaij hloov pauv nyob rau hauv txoj siv sia tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 12 meters thiab lim dej rau hauv lub qhov taub loj. Tab sis yog tias lub plhaub Askiv no tau tawg tsis nyob hauv dej, tab sis hauv lub hull ntawm German sib ntaus sib tua cruiser (uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim tau yog tias Askiv muaj cov pob zeb zoo li cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj), tom qab ntawd dej nyab yuav loj dua. Yog lawm, qhov kev ntaus hauv nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem ua rau "Derflinger" tuag, tab sis nco ntsoov tias nws tau txais lwm yam kev puas tsuaj thiab thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Jutland nqa 3,400 tons dej hauv lub hull. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, qhov ntxiv hauv qab kab dej tuaj yeem ua rau tuag rau lub nkoj.
Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab 9 feeb ntawm kev ua tsov rog no, hmoov zoo tig los ntsib cov neeg German. Mam li nco dheev muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua, uas, hmoov tsis zoo, Invincible pom nws tus kheej thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cov tub rog German tau siv tag nrho lub sijhawm nthuav qhia rau lawv. Nws tseem tsis tau meej meej tias leej twg yog leej twg thiab ntaus pes tsawg leej - nws ntseeg tias nws tau txais 3 lub plhaub los ntawm Derflinger thiab ob los ntawm Lyuttsov, lossis plaub los ntawm Derflinger thiab ib qho los ntawm Lyuttsov, tab sis nws yuav yog thiab tsis yog li ntawd. Nws tsuas yog ntseeg tau ntau dua lossis tsawg dua uas thaum xub thawj Invincible tau txais ob lub plhaub ob zaug, uas tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj, thiab tom ntej no, lub plhaub thib tsib tsoo lub pej thuam thib peb (hla tus pej thuam ntawm sab hnub poob), uas ua rau tuag rau lub nkoj. 305 hli German lub plhaub hla lub turret lub tsho tiv thaiv ntawm 18.33 thiab tawg sab hauv, ua rau lub cordite sab hauv nws. Kev tawg tau ua raws, pov lub ru tsev ntawm tus pej thuam, tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, ntawm 18.34, lub cellars tau tawg, cais qhov Invincible hauv ob.
Tej zaum muaj ntau dua tsib qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Invincible, vim hais tias, piv txwv li, Wilson sau tseg tias cov nkoj German pom tsoo ze lub pej thuam uas tau txais kev tuag, thiab ntxiv rau, nws muaj peev xwm tias lub plhaub tsoo lub hneev taw ntawm Invincible, saum toj no, raws li cov neeg tim khawv pom, ib pawg ntawm cov hluav taws tau sawv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yuam kev hauv kev piav qhia tsis tuaj yeem txiav tawm - hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, ib tus neeg feem ntau pom tsis yog dab tsi tshwm sim tiag tiag. Tej zaum lub zog ntawm qhov tawg ntawm cov mos txwv nyob hauv nruab nrab pej thuam tau muaj zog heev uas nws tau tawg lub hneev nti cellars?
Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser Invincible, uas tau dhau los ua poj koob yawm txwv ntawm nws chav kawm ntawm cov nkoj, tau ploj mus nyob rau hauv qhov kub hnyiab ntawm German nkoj hauv tsawg dua tsib feeb, coj nrog nws lub neej ntawm 1,026 tus neeg tsav nkoj. Tsuas yog rau tus tau txais kev cawmdim, suav nrog tus tub ceev xwm tua phom loj Danreiter, uas yog lub sijhawm muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau yav tom ntej hauv nruab nrab lub hom phiaj tswj hluav taws.
Hauv txhua qhov kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tsis muaj kev tshwj tseg yuav cawm tus Invincible los ntawm kev tuag. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm tsuas yog qis dua 50 kbt, txawm tias 12-nti cov cuab yeej yuav tsis dhau los ua qhov teeb meem uas tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv German 305-mm / 50 phom. Qhov xwm txheej tau tshwm sim los ntawm:
1) Kev npaj ua tsis tiav ntawm cov chav turret, uas, thaum tawg sab hauv lub pej thuam, dhau lub zog ntawm qhov tawg ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub qhov taub phom loj. Cov neeg German tau zoo ib yam, tab sis tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Dogger Bank, lawv hloov kho tus qauv ntawm cov ceg ntoo turret, tab sis Askiv tsis ua.
2) Qhov ua tau qias neeg ntawm cov neeg British cordite, uas zoo li ua rau lub foob pob tawg, thaum lub foob pob Germanic tsuas yog hlawv tawm. Yog tias tus nqi ntawm "Invincible" yog cov phom German, tom qab ntawd yuav muaj hluav taws hnyav, thiab nplaim taws los ntawm ntauwd uas raug puas tsuaj yuav nce mus rau ntau kaum meters. Tau kawg, txhua tus neeg nyob hauv tus pej thuam tuag, tab sis tsis muaj qhov foob pob tshwm sim thiab lub nkoj yuav nyob tsis tu li.
Txawm li cas los xij, cia peb xav txog qhov thib ob uas lub foob pob German tsis tau tsoo lub turret, lossis cov neeg Askiv yuav tau siv lub foob pob "raug" thiab tsis muaj qhov foob pob tshwm sim. Tab sis Invincible tau raug tua los ntawm ob tus neeg sib ntaus sib tua German, thiab König koom nrog lawv. Raws li cov xwm txheej no, peb yuav tsum lees tias Invincible, hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, txawm tias tsis muaj "lub plhaub kub" (qhov hu ua kev ua tiav zoo uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tus yeeb ncuab) tau tag sim neej rau kev tuag lossis ua kom poob ntawm kev sib ntaus muaj peev xwm, thiab tsuas yog cov cuab yeej muaj zog heev yuav ua rau nws muaj txoj hauv kev muaj sia nyob.
Qhov thib ob "kaum ob-inch" sib ntaus sib tua cruiser tuag hauv Jutland yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua tau. Nov yog lub nkoj ntawm cov kab tom ntej, tab sis cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov phom loj loj thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cellars tau zoo ib yam li kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm Invincible chav kawm. Zoo li Invincible, Indefatigebla tus yees thiab barbets muaj 178mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv mus rau lub lawj sab saud. Nruab nrab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab lub lawj sab saud, Indefatigebla barbets tau tiv thaiv txawm tias me ntsis zoo dua li lawv ua ntej - 76 mm piv rau 50, 8.
Nws yog "Indefatigeblu" uas tau muaj lub hom phiaj los ua pov thawj tias kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm thawj tus neeg sib ntaus sib tua hauv tebchaws Askiv tau nyob deb li cas. Thaum 15.49, Lub nkoj German sib ntaus sib tua Von der Tann tau qhib hluav taws rau ntawm Indefatigeblu-ob lub nkoj tau kawg-rau-kawg hauv lawv kab thiab tau sib ntaus sib tua. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lawv tsis pub ntev tshaj 15 feeb, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj tau nce los ntawm 66 txog 79 kab. Lub nkoj Askiv, tau siv 40 lub plhaub, tsis ua tiav ib zaug ntaus, tab sis Von der Tann ntawm 16.02 (piv txwv li 13 feeb tom qab xaj kom qhib hluav taws) tsoo Indefatigeble nrog peb 280-mm shells uas ntaus nws ntawm qib ntawm lub lawj sab saud hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub tsev pej thuam tom qab thiab lub tsev loj. "Indefatigable" tau tawm ntawm qhov kev txiav txim mus rau sab xis, nrog lub ntsej muag pom meej mus rau sab ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj, thaum huab huab ntawm cov pa luam yeeb tau nce saum nws - ntxiv rau, raws li cov neeg tim khawv pom, kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser tsaws astern. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, Indefatigable raug ntaus los ntawm ob lub plhaub ntau dua, ob qho tib si tsoo yuav luag ib txhij, mus rau hauv kev kwv yees thiab mus rau hauv hneev turret ntawm lub roj teeb tseem ceeb. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, cov kab hluav taws tau nce siab hauv lub nkoj ntawm lub nkoj, thiab nws tau ntim cov pa luam yeeb, hauv qhov uas muaj qhov tawg loj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser tuaj yeem pom, yog li-thiab-li-lub nkoj 15-meter chav ya saum toj nrog nws qab. Cov pa luam yeeb tau nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm 100 metres, thiab thaum nws tshem tawm, qhov "Indefatigable" tau ploj mus. 1,017 tus neeg ua haujlwm raug tua, tsuas yog plaub leeg tau cawm.
Txawm hais tias, ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem hais tau tseeb, tab sis txiav txim los ntawm kev piav qhia ntawm kev puas tsuaj, thawj lub plhaub tsoo thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev pej thuam tom qab ua rau muaj neeg tuag rau ntawm Indefatigeblu. Cov phom loj ib nrab ntawm cov phom German ntawm 280-mm cannons "Von der Tann" muaj 2, 88 kg ntawm cov khoom tawg, tawg loj-8, 95 kg (cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis raug, vim tias muaj qhov tsis sib xws hauv cov peev txheej ntawm qhov qhab nia no)). Tab sis txhua qhov xwm txheej, tawg ntawm txawm tias peb lub plhaub hnyav 302 kg, tsoo ntawm qib ntawm lub lawj sab saud, tuaj yeem tsis muaj txoj hauv kev coj mus rau qhov pom ntawm qhov pom tau ntawm lub yob mus rau sab laug, thiab ua rau lub hauv paus txheej txheem zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg. Txhawm rau ua kom lub ntsej muag ntse thiab txiav, lub plhaub yuav tsum tsoo hauv qab cov kab dej, tsoo ib sab ntawm lub nkoj hauv qab txoj siv hlua khi, tab sis cov neeg tim khawv pom piav qhia ncaj qha rau qhov xwm txheej no. Ib qho ntxiv, cov neeg soj ntsuam pom qhov pom ntawm cov pa luam yeeb ntau dhau ntawm lub nkoj - qhov tshwm sim tsis txawv txav rau los tsoo peb lub plhaub.
Feem ntau yuav yog, ib qho ntawm cov khauj khaum, tsoo lub lawj sab saud, tsoo lub 76 hli barbet ntawm lub tsev pej thuam tom qab, tsoo nws, tawg thiab ua rau lub foob pob tawg ntawm lub hauv paus tub rog. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, txoj kev tswj hwm tau tig rov los, thiab dej tau pib ntws mus rau hauv lub nkoj sai dhau los ntawm qhov tawg los ntawm qhov tawg, uas yog vim li cas ob qho tib si dov thiab txiav tawm. Tab sis lub aft pej thuam nws tus kheej muaj txoj sia nyob, yog li cov neeg soj ntsuam pom tsuas yog cov pa luam yeeb tuab, tab sis tsis yog nplaim tawg. Yog tias qhov kev xav no yog qhov tseeb, tom qab ntawd plaub thiab plaub lub plhaub tsuas yog ua tiav ntawm lub nkoj uas raug puas tsuaj lawm.
Cov lus nug ntawm leej twg ua rau lub foob pob tawg ntawm lub qhov rooj ntauwd hneev taw tseem qhib. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, 178 mm turret lossis barbet armor ntawm 80 kab tuaj yeem tiv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm 280 mm projectile, tom qab ntawd qhov tawg ua rau lub foob pob thib ob uas tsoo 76 mm barbet sab hauv lub hull, tab sis qhov no tsis tuaj yeem hais meej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm hais tias tsis muaj cov neeg Askiv nyob hauv tebchaws Askiv, tabsis cov phom hauv German hauv Inflexible lub cellars, thiab kev foob pob yuav tsis tshwm sim, txhua yam zoo ib yam, ob qhov hluav taws kub hnyav hauv hneev thiab lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser yuav tau ua kom tiav poob ntawm nws lub peev xwm sib ntaus thiab, tej zaum, nws yuav tau raug puas tsuaj lawm. Yog li ntawd, kev tuag ntawm "Indefatigebla" yuav tsum yog tag nrho vim tias tsis muaj nws cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cov phom loj.
Cov kab lus ntawm kab lus nthuav qhia rau koj mloog yog lub npe "Ua tsis raug ntawm Kev Nkoj Nkoj Nkoj Nkoj", thiab tam sim no, suav nrog, peb yuav sau cov ntsiab lus tsis raug ntawm British Admiralty, ua hauv kev tsim thiab tsim kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm "Invincible" chav kawm:
Thawj qhov ua yuam kev los ntawm Askiv yog tias lawv tau plam lub sijhawm thaum lawv cov tub rog caij nkoj, hauv lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv, tso tseg kom ua tiav txoj haujlwm koom nrog hauv pab tub rog sib ntaus. Hloov chaw, cov neeg Askiv nyiam ntxiv dag zog rau lawv cov phom loj thiab nrawm: hauv kev tiv thaiv, qhov tsis muaj tseeb "nws yuav ploj mus" yeej.
Lawv qhov yuam kev thib ob yog qhov ntawd, thaum tsim qhov Invincible, lawv tsis tau paub tias lawv tau tsim lub nkoj ntawm chav kawm tshiab thiab tsis thab txhua qhov los txiav txim qhov ntau ntawm cov haujlwm rau nws, lossis txhawm rau nrhiav qhov tsim nyog tsim nyog thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo kom ua tau raws cov haujlwm no. Yooj yim muab, tsis txhob teb cov lus nug: "Peb xav tau dab tsi los ntawm lub nkoj tshiab?" thiab tom qab ntawd: "Dab tsi yuav tsum yog lub nkoj tshiab kom muab yam peb xav tau los ntawm nws?" txoj haujlwm muaj yeej: "Cia peb tsim tib lub nkoj tiv thaiv ib yam li peb tau tsim ua ntej, tsuas yog siv rab phom muaj zog dua, yog li nws yuav cuam tshuam tsis yog rau kev sib ntaus sib tua qub, tab sis mus rau qhov tshiab Dreadnought"
Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov ua yuam kev no yog tias cov neeg Askiv tsis yog tsuas yog ua qhov tsis txaus ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nkoj hauv cov nkoj ntawm Invincible chav kawm, tab sis kuj ntxiv qhov tshiab. Yog lawm, tsis yog Duke ntawm Edinburgh, lossis Warrior, lossis txawm tias Minotaur tsis haum rau pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua, qhov uas lawv tuaj yeem raug hluav taws los ntawm 280-305-mm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tab sis cov tub rog caij nkoj tiv thaiv Askiv tau muaj peev xwm tawm tsam lawv "cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm". German Scharnhorst, Fab Kis Waldeck Russo, Asmeskas Tennessee, thiab Lavxias Rurik II tsis muaj kev txiav txim siab zoo dua li cov nkoj Askiv, txawm tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv tau sib npaug nrog cov tub rog caij nkoj tiv thaiv Askiv.
Yog li, cov tub rog caij nkoj tiv thaiv Askiv tuaj yeem tawm tsam nkoj ntawm lawv chav kawm, tab sis thawj lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Great Britain tsis tuaj yeem ua. Thiab dab tsi yog qhov txaus siab yog qhov yuam kev no tuaj yeem nkag siab (tab sis tsis zam txim), yog tias cov neeg Askiv paub tseeb tias cov neeg sib tw ntawm lawv cov nkoj sib ntaus sib tua, zoo li nyob rau hnub qub, yuav nqa 194-254-mm rab phom loj, cov phom uas tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm Invincibles. Tab sis lub sijhawm ntawm 305-mm cruisers tsis tau qhib los ntawm Askiv nrog lawv cov Invincibles, tab sis los ntawm Nyij Pooj nrog lawv Tsukubas. Cov neeg Askiv tsis yog cov pioneer ntawm no, lawv, qhov tseeb, tau raug thawb mus rau kev qhia txog kaum ob-nti phom ntawm cov nkoj loj. Raws li, nws tsis yog qhov kev tshwm sim rau Askiv uas Invincibles yuav tsum tau ntsib cov yeeb ncuab cruisers uas muaj phom hnyav, uas tiv thaiv "zoo li Minotaur" pom tseeb tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus.
Qhov thib peb yuam kev ntawm Askiv yog sim ua "lub ntsej muag zoo ntawm qhov kev ua si tsis zoo." Qhov tseeb yog tias, hauv kev qhib xov xwm ntawm cov xyoo ntawd, Invincibles tau saib ntau qhov sib npaug thiab tiv thaiv cov nkoj zoo dua li qhov lawv tau ua. Raws li Muzhenikov sau:
"… cov phau ntawv siv tub rog, txawm tias xyoo 1914, ntaus nqi sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm" Invincible "yam los tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv raws tag nrho cov kab dej ntawm lub nkoj nrog 178-mm lub ntsiab armor siv, thiab 254-mm armor daim hlau rau phom cov turrets."
Thiab qhov no coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias cov neeg qhuas thiab tus tsim qauv ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb ntawm Great Britain ntawm hiav txwv, xaiv cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo rau lawv cov nkoj sib ntaus sib tua kom tiv thaiv tsis tau tiag tiag, tab sis cov nkoj tsis tseeb los ntawm Askiv. Qhov txawv txaus, tej zaum cov neeg Askiv yuav tsum tau tso tseg qhov ua kom loj hlob hauv lub paj, thiab ua rau pej xeem paub qhov tseeb ntawm lawv cov neeg caij nkoj. Hauv qhov no, muaj qhov me me, tab sis tseem txawv ntawm qhov tsis muaj peev xwm uas cov neeg German yuav dhau los ua "liab", thiab, ua raws li Askiv, kuj tau pib tsim "qe qe nrog cov hammers." Qhov no yuav tsis yog, ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv Askiv, tab sis tsawg kawg sib npaug qhov muaj feem hauv kev sib cav nrog cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua German.
Qhov tseeb, nws yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua ntawm thawj kab los tawm tsam ntawm cov lus sib npaug nrog cov nkoj ntawm lawv chav kawm uas yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog qhov yuam kev tseem ceeb ntawm Txoj Haujlwm Invincible. Qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv tau ua rau cov nkoj ntawm hom no tuag ceg ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm naval.
Thaum tsim thawj cruisers sib ntaus sib tua, lwm qhov, pom qhov yuam kev tsawg dua uas tuaj yeem kho yog tias xav tau. Piv txwv li, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Invincibles tau txais lub kaum me me ntawm qhov siab, vim qhov uas cov phom ntawm 305-mm tau qis qis dua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, hais txog kev tua ntau yam, Invincibles tau qis dua txawm tias 210-mm turret phom ntawm lub xeem German armored cruisers. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov kev ncua deb, txawm tias Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, tsis muaj zog, "9-foot" rangefinders tau siv, uas tsis ua tau zoo nrog lawv "txoj haujlwm" ntawm qhov deb ntawm 6-7 mais thiab dhau mus. Kev sim "hluav taws xob" 305 -mm turrets ntawm cov hlau lead "Invincible" tau dhau los ua qhov tsis raug - lub sijhawm ntawd cov thev naus laus zis no nyuaj rau cov neeg Askiv.
Ib qho ntxiv, qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm lub plhaub British yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov Invincibles - nws yog qhov muaj nyob hauv tag nrho Royal Navy. Cov phom lus Askiv tau nruab nrog ib lub liddite (uas yog, zoo ib yam shimosa), lossis dub (tsis txawm tias tsis haus luam yeeb!) Cov phom phom. Raws li qhov tseeb, Tsov Rog-Japanese Tsov rog tau qhia tias rab phom ua rau tawg rau cov foob pob hluav taws tau pom meej rau nws tus kheej, tib lub sijhawm, shimosa tau dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab nquag tawg. Cov neeg Askiv muaj peev xwm nqa cov liddite mus rau lub xeev uas lees paub, zam kev teeb meem nrog cov foob pob tawg hauv lub thoob thiab cov tshuaj tua tus kheej nyob hauv lub cellars, tab sis txawm li cas los xij, liddite tau siv me ntsis rau cov cuab yeej siv phom.
Cov neeg German thiab Lavxias tau pom txoj hauv kev, txhaws lub plhaub nrog trinitrotoluene, uas qhia tau tias muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab tsis ua siab ncaj rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, thiab hauv nws cov txiaj ntsig tsis tau qis dua li nto moo "shimose". Raws li qhov tshwm sim, los ntawm xyoo 1914 Kaiserlichmarin muaj cov cuab yeej siv phom zoo heev rau lawv rab phom 280-mm thiab 305-mm, tab sis cov neeg Askiv muaj "riam phom-tho" zoo tom qab tsov rog. Tab sis, peb rov hais dua, qhov tsis zoo ntawm British lub plhaub yog qhov teeb meem tshwm sim rau tag nrho cov nkoj hauv tebchaws Askiv, thiab tsis yog qhov "tshwj xeeb" qhov tsis zoo hauv kev tsim cov nkoj ntawm chav "Invincible".
Nws yuav yog qhov tsis raug los xav tias thawj cov lus Askiv sib ntaus sib tua tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis ua tsis tau. "Invincibles" kuj tseem muaj qhov zoo, lub hauv paus uas yog lub zog loj tshaj plaws rau nws lub sijhawm, tab sis kev cog qoob loo zoo, uas muab "Invincibles" nrog rau yav dhau los uas tsis xav tau. Lossis, nco ntsoov lub siab "peb-legged" mast, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tso tau cov lus txib thiab rangefinder tshaj tawm ntawm qhov chaw siab heev. Tseem lawv qhov txiaj ntsig tsis tau ua rau Invincible-class battlecruisers nkoj ua tiav.
Thiab dab tsi tau tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Hiav Txwv North?
Ua tsaug rau koj mloog!
Cov kab lus dhau los hauv koob:
Yuam kev ntawm kev tsim nkoj hauv tebchaws Askiv. Sib ntaus sib tua cruiser Invincible
Yuam kev ntawm kev tsim nkoj hauv tebchaws Askiv. Sib ntaus sib tua cruiser Invincible. Tshooj 2
Yuam kev ntawm kev tsim nkoj hauv tebchaws Askiv. Sib ntaus sib tua cruiser Invincible. Tshooj 3
Cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv
1. Muzhenikov VB Battlecruisers ntawm Askiv. Tshooj 1.
2. Chaw Ua Si O. Battleships ntawm tebchaws Askiv. Ntu 6. Lub zog hluav taws xob thiab nrawm.
3. Parks O. Battleships of the British Empire Part 5. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua.
4. Ropp T. Tsim kom muaj cov tub rog caij nkoj niaj hnub no: Fab Kis txoj cai tswj hwm nkoj 1871-1904.
5. Fetter A. Yu. Invincible-class chav sib ntaus sib tua cruisers.
6. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xaib
