Hauv kab lus no peb yuav sim ntsuas Hood lub peev xwm sib ntaus hauv kev sib piv nrog cov phiaj xwm tshiab kawg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, thiab tib lub sijhawm xav txog qhov laj thawj ua rau tuag ntawm lub nkoj loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Askiv ntawm chav kawm no. Tab sis ua ntej peb mus rau qhov qub tau hais txog "kev muaj peev xwm ntawm rab phom loj - tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv", ob peb lo lus yuav tsum tau hais txog qhov kev nyiam dav dav ntawm "plhaub thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv" cuam tshuam nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav ntawm cov xyoo ntawd.
Nws paub zoo tias thaum xub thawj lub peev xwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua dreadnought tau sawv cev los ntawm 280-305-mm rab phom, thiab kev xav txog kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm cov xyoo ntawd tuaj yeem tawm tsam lawv nrog kev tiv thaiv zoo heev, uas tau muaj, piv txwv li, los ntawm German dreadnoughts, pib nrog chav Kaiser. Ob leeg lawv thiab "Konigi" uas ua raws lawv yog thawj hom kev sib ntaus sib tua, nrog kev tiv thaiv kev tsis ncaj ncees, ua tub rog nrog lub zog loj heev 305-mm tshuab thiab muab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv uas ntseeg tau zoo tiv thaiv phom ntawm tib lub peev xwm thiab tib lub zog. Yog, qhov kev tiv thaiv no tsis yog qhov tseeb, tab sis nws nyob ze nws li sai tau.
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej tau ua los ntawm Askiv, hloov mus rau 343-mm caliber, ua raws Asmeskas thiab Nyij Pooj, siv phom 356-mm. Cov kws ua yeeb yam no tau muaj zog ntau dua li kaum ob-nti phom zoo, thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, txawm tias muaj zog tshaj plaws, tsis tiv thaiv zoo heev tiv thaiv lawv cov phiaj xwm. Tsuas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem "khav" tias lawv kev tiv thaiv qee yam ntseeg tau tiv thaiv lub nkoj los ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd Askiv tau ua cov kauj ruam tom ntej, txhim kho rab phom 381-mm ntawm lawv cov kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab cov neeg German sai sai ua raws. Raws li qhov tseeb, lub sijhawm no ua tiav qhov tsis sib xws ntawm txoj kev tawm tsam thiab tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Qhov tseeb yog tias qib kev txhim kho kev tswj hluav taws, suav nrog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntsuas hluav taws xob, txwv qhov kev tua hluav taws zoo kom deb li ntawm 70-75 kab. Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, nws tuaj yeem sib ntaus ntawm qhov deb dua, tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua tib lub sijhawm poob, thiab cov neeg sib tw pheej hmoo tua cov mos txwv, tsis tau ua tiav cov lej txaus los rhuav tshem tus yeeb ncuab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rab phom Askiv 381-mm, raws li Askiv, muaj peev xwm nkag tau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo ib yam (uas yog 381-mm) ntawm qhov deb ntawm 70 kab thaum tsoo nws ntawm 90 degrees, thiab 356 hli armor - txog 85 kab. Raws li, txawm tias cov tuab tuab German cov cuab yeej (sab siv 350 mm) tau nkag mus rau rab phom Askiv, tshwj tsis yog lub nkoj German sib ntaus yog nyob ntawm qhov ncaj ncees rau kev taw qhia ntawm lub dav hlau. Cov cuab yeej me dua yog tsis muaj lo lus nug.
Tag nrho cov saum toj no tseem muaj tseeb rau German lub foob pob hluav taws - nws lub projectile yog me ntsis sib zog dua li Askiv ib qho, lub qhov ncauj qhov ncauj tau siab dua, thiab feem ntau nws poob lub zog sai dua, tab sis, feem ntau yuav, nyob deb ntawm 70-75 cables, nws muaj cov cuab yeej nkag mus zoo ib yam li lus Askiv projectiles.
Hauv lwm lo lus, peb tuaj yeem hais tias nyob rau qee lub sijhawm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua, qhov tseeb, tig mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm hom Askiv-lawv qhov kev xaj tsis tau muab qib lees paub txog kev tiv thaiv 380-381-mm zoo li. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb, tab sis nws tau dhau los ua qhov muag plooj los ntawm qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm British cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom - raws li koj paub, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv uas lawv tuaj yeem "tus tswv" tsuas yog 260 hli, tab sis German "380 -mm "kev sib ntaus sib tua tau lig rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb ntawm cov dav hlau. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias cov neeg Askiv tom qab Jutland tau txais cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo li rab phom ("Greenboy"), thiab, tej zaum, ib tus tuaj yeem tsuas yog zoo siab tias Hochseeflotte tsis txaus siab rov ntsuas lub zog ntawm Royal Navy-qhov no, Kev poob ntawm cov neeg German los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 381-mm phom tuaj yeem yog qhov hnyav, thiab "Bayern" nrog "Baden", tsis muaj kev poob siab, yuav tau hais lawv cov lus hnyav.
Vim li cas thiaj muaj qhov xwm txheej tsis txaus ntseeg? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, vim yog qee yam inertia ntawm kev xav. Nws tau paub tias tom qab ntawd, yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws koom nrog tsim qauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tuaj txog qhov kev txiav txim tias txhawm rau muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv qhov hnyav, lub nkoj cov cuab yeej yuav tsum muaj qhov tuab sib npaug rau nws lub peev xwm (381 mm los ntawm 381-mm) projectile, thiab lwm yam), tab sis qib kev tiv thaiv, ua ke nrog kev teeb tsa phom 380-406-mm, txhais tau tias kev nce qib sai sai, uas lub tebchaws tau ua, feem ntau, tsis tau npaj txhij. Ib qho ntxiv, thaum thawj lub sijhawm, qhov xav tau rau qhov nce ntxiv hauv kev xaj, feem ntau, tsis tau paub dua. Ob qho kev xav hauv tebchaws Askiv thiab German, hauv qhov tseem ceeb, hloov pauv ib yam-kev siv rab phom 380-381-mm tau nce lub zog tua hluav taws ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau lub nkoj zoo, yog li cia peb ua nws! Ntawd yog, kev teeb tsa kaum tsib-nti phom hauv nws tus kheej zoo li yog ib kauj ruam loj rau tom ntej, thiab qhov tseeb tias lub nkoj no yuav tsum tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov riam phom zoo sib xws tsis tau tshwm sim rau leej twg. Yog lawm, cov nkoj ntawm poj huab tais Elizabeth chav kawm tau txais qee yam kev ua kom muaj zog ntxiv, tab sis txawm tias lawv cov tuab tuab 330 hli tuab tsis tau muab kev tiv thaiv txaus tiv thaiv cov phom uas tau teeb tsa ntawm cov kev sib ntaus sib tua no. Oddly txaus, tab sis ntawm cov neeg German qhov kev nyiam no tau hais ntau dua-peb yam kawg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers uas tau tso rau hauv Tebchaws Yelemees (Derflinger; Mackensen; Erzats York) tau ua tub rog, feem, nrog 305-mm, 350-mm thiab 380 -mm rab phom, tab sis lawv cov cuab yeej ua rog, txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv me me, yeej tseem nyob ntawm qib Derflinger.
Tau ntev heev, tau muaj kev nkag siab tias kev tuag ntawm Hood yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm nws cov cuab yeej ua rog, suav nrog hauv chav kawm ntawm cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus. Tab sis qhov no, qhov tseeb, yog qhov kev nkag siab yuam kev - txaus txaus, "Hood" thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho tej zaum yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv tsis yog ntawm txhua tus tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis kuj yog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Hauv lwm lo lus, "Hood", thaum lub sijhawm nkag mus rau kev pabcuam, tej zaum yog lub nkoj British uas muaj kev tiv thaiv tshaj plaws.
Yog tias peb sib piv nws nrog cov nkoj German zoo sib xws (thiab nco ntsoov tias cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua Erzats York thiab Mackensen xyaum tsis txawv hauv cov cuab yeej ua rog), tom qab ntawv tas li Hood thiab Erzats York muaj txoj siv sia tiv thaiv ntawm yuav luag tuab tib yam - 305 thiab 300 hli feem. Tab sis qhov tseeb, Hood's onboard tiv thaiv tau ruaj khov dua. Qhov tseeb yog daim hlau thaiv ntawm cov tub rog German sib ntaus sib tua, pib nrog Derflinger, muaj qhov sib txawv tuab ntawm daim hlau thaiv. Thaum kawg 300 mm, ntu muaj qhov siab ntawm 2.2 m, thiab tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias nws siab dua ntawm Mackensen thiab Erzats York, thaum nyob rau Hood qhov siab ntawm 305 mm ntawm daim hlau thaiv npog yuav luag 3 m (feem ntau yuav yog tag nrho, peb tab tom tham txog qhov siab ntawm 118 ntiv tes, uas muab 2.99 m). Tab sis, ntxiv rau qhov no, txoj siv sia ntawm cov tub rog German "peev" cov nkoj tau nyob ncaj nraim, thaum txoj siv tawv Askiv kuj tseem muaj lub kaum sab xis ntawm 12 degrees, uas tau muab "Hood" nthuav qhov zoo - txawm li cas los xij, thiab qhov tsis zoo ib yam.
Raws li hauv qab no los ntawm daim duab saum toj no, Khuda txoj siv, siab 3 m thiab 305 mm tuab, yog sib npaug rau txoj siv sia tiv thaiv kab hlau ntev 2.93 m siab thiab 311.8 mm tuab. Yog li, lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab hlau rhuav kab rov tav "Hood" yog 33, 18% siab dua thiab 3, 9% tuab dua li ntawm cov nkoj German.
Qhov zoo ntawm British cruiser nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias nws cov cuab yeej 305 mm tau muab tso rau saum ib sab ntawm cov tuab tuab ntxiv - cov tawv nqaij tom qab txoj siv txoj siv sia loj tau txog 50, 8 hli. Nws nyuaj hais ntau npaum li cas qhov no ua rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv, tab sis qhov no, yam tsis muaj kev poob siab, yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo dua li tso 300 hli daim hlau thaiv daim hlau rau ntawm 90 hli ntoo hauv ob sab, zoo li yog rooj plaub ntawm German sib ntaus sib tua. Muaj tseeb cov teak hauv ob sab tau tso rau sab saum toj ntawm qhov hu ua "board board", tuab ntawm uas nyob hauv German sib ntaus sib tua cruisers, hmoov tsis, tsis paub txog tus sau: tab sis rau kev sib ntaus sib tua "Bayern" thiab "Baden" qhov tuab no yog 15 hli. Yog lawm, nws yuav tsis yog qhov tsuas yog siv thiab ntxiv cov tuab ntawm Askiv plating rau phaj phom - lawv tsis yog monolith (cov cuab yeej sib txawv sib zog tsis muaj zog) thiab cov qauv hlau, tom qab tag nrho, qhov no tsis yog Krupp cov ris tsho tiv thaiv. Nws tuaj yeem kwv yees tau tias, suav nrog txoj kab nqes, tag nrho cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov phaj phom thiab sab ntawm 330 txog 350 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tsis meej kiag li vim li cas cov neeg Askiv tau siv cov tawv nqaij tuab - yog tias lawv tau teeb tsa 330 hli daim hlau thaiv daim hlau ntawm ib daim tawv nqaij, lawv yuav tau txais yuav luag qhov hnyav tib yam, nrog kev ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv zoo dua qub.
Qhov tseeb, "Hood" tau qis dua rau cov tub rog German sib ntaus sib tua raws li txoj siv sia. Nws qhov siab ntawm Erzats York yog, feem ntau yuav yog, 3, 55 m, thiab nws cov tuab sib txawv los ntawm 270 mm (hauv thaj tsam ntawm 300 mm ntawm thaj chaw) thiab mus txog 200 mm raws ntug ntug. Cov cuab yeej siv riam phom Askiv muaj 178 hli tuab thiab qhov siab ntawm 2.75 m, uas, suav nrog qhov xav tau ntawm 12 degrees, yog sib npaug rau qhov tuab ntawm 182 mm thiab qhov siab ntawm 2.69 m. "Hood" muaj lub nkoj loj dua li cov tub rog German sib ntaus sib tua, yog li "Erzats York" zoo ib yam li 200 mm sab saud ntawm txoj siv txoj hlua tiv thaiv uas nyob ib sab ncaj qha rau lub lawj sab saud, tab sis "Hood" tsis ua. Txoj siv sia tiv thaiv thib ob "Huda" txuas ntxiv nrog qhov thib peb, 127 m tuab, uas muaj qhov siab tib yam li thawj (2.75 m), uas tau muab kwv yees li 130 mm ntawm qhov tuab tuab ntawm qhov siab ntawm 2.69 m. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau yug hauv nco ntsoov tias rau cov ris tsho tiv thaiv riam phom ntawm qhov thib ob (rau lub nkoj Askiv - thib ob thiab thib peb) txoj siv tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem loj - txawm tias 280 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, 381 hli lub plhaub nkag ntawm qhov deb ntawm 120 kab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tuab dua tau muab rau German lub nkoj kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo-raws li kev xyaum tua nrog cov foob pob Lavxias (kev sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua Chesma thiab lwm tus, tom qab) pom, qhov loj-muaj peev xwm loj-lub foob pob hluav taws muaj peev xwm nkag tau cov cuab yeej ib nrab nws qhov muaj peev xwm tuab. Yog tias qhov kev xav no siv rau German thiab Askiv lub plhaub (uas yog ntau dua li qhov yuav tshwm sim), tom qab ntawd cov av hauv tebchaws German, thaum tsoo ob sab ntawm "Hood" saum toj no txoj siv txoj hlua loj, tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lawv, tab sis cov foob pob British los ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm German sib ntaus sib tua ua tsis tau Txawm li cas los xij, 150 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg ua phem, qhov twg cov neeg Germans muaj lawv cov phom tiv thaiv kuv lub cev, kuj tseem nkag tau zoo rau Askiv cov foob pob tawg loj.
Yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim yog tias txoj siv txoj hlua khi loj tseem hle los ntawm rab phom uas siv phom sij? Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj dab tsi zoo rau lub nkoj German lossis Askiv. Rau cov neeg German, rau 300 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, tsuas muaj ib txoj kab ntsug 60 mm tiv thaiv torpedo bulkhead, "ncab" mus rau lub tsho tiv thaiv heev, thiab rau cov neeg Askiv, tom qab muab 311, 8 mm ntawm armor + 52 mm ntawm cov hlau plating - tsuas yog 50, 8 hli bevel ntawm lub armored lawj. Ntawm no dua nws tuaj yeem ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev paub txog kev sim phom loj hauv tsev-xyoo 1920, lub foob pob ntawm cov qauv tau raug rho tawm, sim ua qhov sib npaug ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm 370 mm, suav nrog 305-mm thiab phom 356-mm. Qhov kev paub dhau los ntawm kev tshawb fawb naval hauv tsev yog, yam tsis muaj kev poob siab, muaj ntau, thiab ib qho txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tua phom yog kev tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov bevels tom qab siv txoj siv sia.
Yog li, nws hloov tawm tias 75 mm tuab bevel tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov tawg ntawm 305-356-mm projectile tsuas yog tias nws tau tawg ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1-1.5 m los ntawm bevel. Yog tias lub foob pob tawg ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, txawm tias 75 hli yuav tsis tiv thaiv qhov chaw tom qab lub bevel - nws yuav raug tsoo los ntawm cov plhaub tawg thiab cov khib nyiab pov tseg. Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, Askiv 381-mm projectile tsis zoo dua li 356-mm Lavxias (cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tawg hauv lawv yog kwv yees tib yam), uas txhais tau tias nrog qib siab ntawm qhov tshwm sim, thaum cov foob pob tawg hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm txoj siv sia tiv thaiv tseem ceeb thiab lub bevel (tiv thaiv torpedo bulkhead), tom qab ntawd tsis yog Askiv 50, 8 hli, lossis German 60 hli feem ntau yuav tsis khaws lub zog ntawm qhov tawg. Ib zaug ntxiv, qhov nrug nruab nrab ntawm ob hom kev tiv thaiv no kuj tseem me me, thiab yog tias lub foob pob tau nkag mus rau txoj siv txoj hlua loj, ces feem ntau nws yuav tau tawg ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau ntawm bevel (tiv thaiv torpedo bulkhead), uas tsis yog ib qho lossis lwm yam. kom meej meej tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus.
Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tau txhais hais tias lub bevel thiab tiv thaiv torpedo bulkhead tsis muaj txiaj ntsig - nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej (thaum qhov projectile tsoo lub tsho tiv thaiv lub ntsiab tseem ceeb tsis nyob ntawm lub kaum, ze dua 90 degrees, tab sis me dua), qhov projectile, rau piv txwv li, yuav tsis dhau los ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog nyob rau hauv tag nrho daim ntawv, lossis txawm tias tawg thaum cov cuab yeej hla dhau - qhov no, kev tiv thaiv ntxiv, tej zaum, tuaj yeem khaws cov tawg. Tab sis los ntawm qhov projectile uas kov yeej txoj siv txoj siv sia tag nrho, kev tiv thaiv no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Alas, kwv yees tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog lub lawj tiv thaiv. Hais lus nruj me ntsis, hais txog kev tiv thaiv kab rov tav, Hood muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj li cov tub rog German sib ntaus sib tua mus txog Erzats York suav nrog - peb twb tau hais tias tag nrho cov tuab ntawm Hood decks (armor + cov qauv hlau) mus txog 165 mm saum toj no cov phom loj cellars ntawm hneev cov yees, 121-127 hli siab dua chav chav rhaub dej thiab chav cav thiab 127 hli nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm tus yees tom qab ntawm lub hauv paus loj. Raws li rau lub lawj ntawm Erzats York, lawv mus txog lawv qhov siab tshaj plaws (feem ntau yuav yog 110 hli, txawm hais tias tej zaum 125) lawv tau mus txog saum lub cellars ntawm cov phom loj. Hauv lwm qhov chaw, nws cov tuab tsis tshaj 80-95 hli, thiab nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov tuab tuab tshwj xeeb muaj peb lub lawj nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Yuav kom muaj kev ncaj ncees, peb tseem yuav hais txog qhov muaj lub ru tsev casemate nyob ntawm lub lawj sab saud: lub ru tsev no tuab li 25-50 mm tuab (tom kawg tsuas yog saum cov phom), tab sis casemate nws tus kheej kuj me me thiab nyob hauv plawv ntawm lub lawj - yog li, "txuas" nws lub ru tsev rau lwm qhov kev tiv thaiv kab rov tav tsuas tuaj yeem ua tau thaum qhov ntev ntawm kev tua ntawm lub nkoj German - thaum cov yeeb ncuab phom ya raws nws txoj kab nruab nrab. Txwv tsis pub, qhov projectile tsoo lub ru tsev ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob deb yuav tsis muaj lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov xwm txheej uas nws tuaj yeem mus txog qis armored lawj.
Txawm li cas los xij, hais txog qhov zoo ntawm Hood, peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias "zoo dua" tsis txhais hais tias "txaus". Yog li, piv txwv li, peb twb tau hais tias lub foob pob hluav taws 380-381-mm muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau txoj siv sia tiv thaiv thib ob ntawm cov tub rog German thiab Askiv tsis muaj teeb meem. Thiab tam sim no, hais tias, txoj hlua 178 -mm ntawm "Hood" tau tawg - yuav ua li cas ntxiv?
Tej zaum tsuas yog ib yam uas nws cov neeg tsav nkoj tuaj yeem cia siab rau yog txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws thaum nws tsoo los ntawm cov phaj phom: qhov tseeb yog tias thaum cov cuab yeej hla dhau ntawm lub kaum sab xis dua 90 degrees, qhov projectile "siv zog" tig rau hauv txoj hauv kev kom kov yeej cov cuab yeej hauv txoj kev luv tshaj plaws, uas yog, ze li sai tau rau 90 degrees. Hauv kev xyaum, nws yuav zoo li qhov no - tus yeeb ncuab projectile, poob ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 13 degrees. mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv, tsoo 178-mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm "Hood" ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 25 degrees. thiab tho nws, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws tig los ntawm 12 degrees. "Up" thiab tam sim no yoov yuav luag sib luag mus rau qhov kab rov tav ntawm cov armored lawj - lub kaum sab xis nruab nrab ntawm lub lawj thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm qhov projectile tsuas yog 1 degree. Hauv qhov no, muaj lub sijhawm zoo uas cov yeeb ncuab lub foob pob yuav tsis tsoo lub tsho tiv thaiv tag nrho, tab sis yuav tawg saum nws (lub fuse yuav raug tsoo thaum tawg ntawm 178 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej).
Txawm li cas los xij, muab tias Hood's armored lawj yog 76 hli tuab tsuas yog saum lub hauv paus roj teeb loj, lub zog tawg thiab tawg ntawm 380-mm projectile tuaj yeem ntau dua lossis tsawg dua lees tias yuav khaws cia tsuas yog nyob ntawd. Yog tias cov yeeb ncuab lub foob pob tawg dhau lub cav thiab chav rhaub dej kub, uas tau tiv thaiv los ntawm tsuas yog 50.8 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lossis lwm qhov chaw (38 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv), tom qab ntawd qhov chaw tiv thaiv tej zaum yuav raug ntaus.
Peb tab tom tham txog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser Hood, tab sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias cov tub rog Askiv tau tiv thaiv zoo dua los ntawm kev ntaus - ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ntawm no kev tiv thaiv ntawm tib tus poj huab tais Elizabeth -chav sib ntaus sib tua tau phem dua li ntawm Hood, vim tias cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thib ob txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua txoj siv tsuas yog 152 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsug (thiab tsis yog 182 ntawm cov cuab yeej txo qis ntawm "Hood"), thaum lub tsho tiv thaiv tsuas yog 25.4 hli.
Raws li kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov phom loj, nws tau ceeb heev ua tau zoo ntawm Hood - lub hauv pliaj ntawm tus yees yog 381 mm, thiab barbets yog 305 mm. Ersatz York zoo li me ntsis ntawm no, yog li, nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv me me ntawm lub yees (lub hauv pliaj 350 mm), nws muaj cov pas nrig ntawm tib tuab, uas yog, ob ntiv tes tuab dua li cov neeg Askiv. Raws li rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm barbets qis dua qib ntawm lub lawj sab saud, cov neeg Askiv tau muaj kev tiv thaiv tuab tuab (cov cuab yeej ntawm ob sab thiab barbet nws tus kheej) yog 280-305 mm, thiab cov Germans muaj 290-330 mm.
Thiab dua-cov lej zoo li ua tau zoo heev, tab sis lawv tsis sawv cev rau qhov tsis yooj yim sua rau 380-381-mm rab phom loj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb. Ib qho ntxiv, tus yeeb ncuab 380 -mm projectile tuaj yeem tsoo lub lawj ze ntawm tus pej thuam - hauv qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau nkag mus thawj 50.8 hli ntawm Hood lub tsho tiv thaiv kab rov tav (uas nws muaj peev xwm ua tau), thiab tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsuas yog tiv thaiv los ntawm 152 mm barbet armor. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws muaj peev xwm tias qhov no yog "Hood" tuag … Alas, daim duab ntawm "Erzats York" tseem phem dua - nws yuav txaus rau lub plhaub Askiv kom nkag mus rau 25-30 hli lawj thiab 120 mm ntsug barbet qab nws. Rau poj huab tais Elizabeth, los ntawm txoj kev, tuab ntawm lub lawj thiab barbette hauv qhov no yuav yog 25 thiab 152-178 hli, feem.
Yog li, peb tuaj yeem rov hais dua qhov tseeb - rau nws lub sijhawm, "Hood" tau tiv thaiv zoo heev, zoo dua tib yam "Poj huab tais Elizabeth", thiab hauv ntau qhov tsis zoo dua li German sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov phiaj xwm tshiab kawg. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias qhov no, cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg tsis tau muab kev tiv thaiv tag nrho rau ntawm 380-381 mm zoo li. Ntau xyoo dhau los, kev lag luam phom loj tau txav mus rau tom ntej, thiab 380-mm rab phom ntawm Bismarck tau dhau los muaj zog ntau dua li cov tshuab siv phom loj ntawm tib lub peev xwm thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, tab sis cov cuab yeej ntawm Hood, ua tsis tau zoo dua. - lub nkoj yeej tsis tau txais ib qho kev hloov kho tshiab loj.
Cia peb tam sim no pom dab tsi tshwm sim hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Tsib Hlis 24, 1941, thaum Hood, Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Wells, ntawm ib sab, thiab Bismarck thiab Prince Eugen, ntawm qhov sib txawv, sib ntaus sib tua. Nws yog qhov tseeb uas piav qhia ntxaws txog kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Danish Strait yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov kab lus sib cais, tab sis peb yuav txwv peb tus kheej rau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntau tshaj.
Thaum xub thawj, cov nkoj Askiv tau ua ntej ntawm cov neeg German thiab tau caij nkoj ntawm yuav luag txhua yam kev kawm tib yam nkaus. "Hood" thiab "Prince of Wells" tau mus rau 240 thiab thaum 05.35 Lub nkoj German tau pom (raws li Askiv, ua raws tib yam 240). Tus tub rog Askiv tau tig los txiav cov neeg German tawm ua ntej 40 thiab yuav luag tam sim - los ntawm lwm 20 degrees, nqa nws lub nkoj mus txog 300. Nws yog nws qhov yuam kev, nws tau nrawm heev los koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua - tsis txhob "hla" Bismarck thiab "Tub Vaj Ntxwv Eugen", txhawm rau kom mus txog qhov sib tshuam ntawm lawv cov chav kawm, ua nrog rab phom loj los ntawm txhua sab, nws ntseeg ntau heev rau cov neeg German. Raws li qhov ua yuam kev ntawm tus thawj coj hauv tebchaws Askiv, cov neeg German tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo: thaum lub sijhawm mus txog, lawv tuaj yeem tua nrog lawv ob sab, thaum cov neeg Askiv tuaj yeem siv lub hneev taub hau ntawm lub zog loj. Yog li, thaum pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, rab phom loj ntawm cov nkoj Askiv tau txiav ib nrab-tawm ntawm 8 * 381-mm thiab 10 * 356-mm, tsuas yog 4 * 381-mm thiab 5 * 356-mm tuaj yeem tua (ib rab phom. ntawm plaub rab phom hneev nti "Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Wells" tsis tuaj yeem tua vim yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus). Txhua yam no, tau kawg, ua rau cov neeg Askiv nyuaj rau xoom, thaum Bismarck muaj peev xwm ua tau, zoo li hauv kev tawm dag zog.
Thaum 0552 teev Hood qhib hluav taws. Lub sijhawm no, cov nkoj Askiv tau txuas ntxiv mus txog ntawm 300, cov neeg German tau mus rau chav kawm 220, uas yog, cov chav nyob ze rau yuav luag ib nrab (lub kaum sab xis ntawm lawv cov chav kawm yog 80 degrees). Tab sis ntawm 05.55 Holland tig 20 degrees mus rau sab laug, thiab ntawm 0600 nws tig lwm 20 degrees hauv tib txoj kev coj kom coj mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tom qab yees ntawm lub roj teeb tseem ceeb. Thiab nws muaj peev xwm tias nws tsis ntseeg - raws li qee qhov lus ceeb toom, Holland tsuas yog tsa lub teeb liab kom tsim nyog, tab sis tsis tau pib tig, lossis nyuam qhuav pib tig thib ob thaum Hood tau txais kev tuag. Qhov no tseem tau lees paub los ntawm kev tswj hwm tom ntej ntawm Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Wells - thaum Hood tau tawg, cov tub rog Askiv tau raug yuam kom tig nrawm, hla qhov chaw nws tuag ntawm sab xis. Yog tias "Hood" muaj sijhawm los ua nws qhov kawg, tom qab ntawd nws feem ntau yuav tsis nyob hauv txoj kev "Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Wells" thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tig mus.
Yog li, lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov chav kawm "Hood" thiab "Bismarck" thaum lub sijhawm ua rau tuag yog, feem ntau yuav yog, txog 60-70 degrees, feem, cov foob pob German tsoo ntawm kaum ntawm 20-30 degrees los ntawm ib sab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, thiab qhov yuav tshwm sim feem ntau yog raws nraim 30 degrees.
Hauv qhov no, qhov tuab tuab ntawm Hood lub tsho tiv no cuam tshuam nrog txoj hauv kev ntawm 380 -mm Bismarck projectile me ntsis ntau dua 350 mm - thiab qhov no tsis suav nrog lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov projectile. Txhawm rau nkag siab seb lub foob pob Bismarck tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej zoo li no, ib tus yuav tsum paub qhov nrug ntawm cov nkoj. Alas, tsis muaj qhov tsis meej ntawm qhov teeb meem no hauv cov peev txheej - Askiv feem ntau qhia tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm Hood tau hais txog qhov ua rau neeg tuag yog txog 72 kab (14,500 yards lossis 13,260 m), thaum tus tub ceev xwm tua phom loj ntawm Bismarck » Müllenheim-Rechberg muab 97 kab (19,685 yards lossis 18,001 m). Tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv W. J. Jurens (Jurens), tau ua tiav ntau txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ua qauv ntawm kev tswj cov nkoj hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawd, tau los xaus qhov kev ncua deb ntawm Bismarck thiab Hood thaum lub sijhawm tawg ntawm qhov kawg yog kwv yees li 18,100 m (uas yog, tus kws tua phom German tseem yog lawm) … Ntawm qhov deb no, qhov nrawm ntawm German lub foob pob yog kwv yees li 530 m / s.
Yog li, peb tsis teeb tsa txoj haujlwm kom ntseeg tau qhov tseeb ntawm lub plhaub uas rhuav tshem "Hood" ntaus. Peb yuav txiav txim siab qhov ua tau thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev cuam tshuam uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev txaus siab ntawm British Navy mus rau kev puas tsuaj.
Qhov txaus txaus, txawm tias txoj siv txoj hlua tseem ceeb ntawm "Hood" tuaj yeem raug tsoo, txawm hais tias nws tsis ntseeg tias tom qab ntawd lub plhaub German yuav muaj lub zog tshuav kom "hla" mus rau hauv lub cellar. Ntaus 178 mm lossis 127 mm txoj siv sia tiv thaiv kab mob yuav ua rau poob ntawm lub foob pob thiab txo nws qhov nrawm mus rau 365 lossis 450 m / s, feem - qhov no txaus txaus los ya nruab nrab ntawm cov lawj thiab tsoo lub barbet ntawm aft pej thuam ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb "Hood" - 152 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tom kawg yuav tsis yog qhov teeb meem loj. Ib qho ntxiv, xws li qhov projectile, tawg los ntawm kev tawg mus rau hauv ob-inch armored lawj, tuaj yeem tsoo nws, thiab txawm tias nws tus kheej tsis dhau los ntawm nws tag nrho, nws cov tawg thiab cov cuab yeej ua rog tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws thiab tom qab tawg. ntawm cov mos txwv cov phom loj hauv cellars.
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg ntawm no tias cov tub rog Askiv cov phom loj hauv lub tub rog tau ntxiv, tus neeg xaj - 50, 8 hli nyob rau sab saum toj thiab 25, 4 hli ntawm ob sab, txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tiv thaiv no tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus. Nws tau paub tias thaum lub sijhawm sim tua hluav taws ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua Chesma, lub foob pob hluav taws 305-mm tau tawg thaum nws tsoo lub 37 mm lawj, tab sis lub zog ntawm kev tawg tau muaj zog heev uas lub plhaub thiab cov cuab yeej tawg tau tawg mus rau 25 mm hlau lawj hauv qab no.. Raws li, qhov projectile 380-mm tuaj yeem nkag mus rau txoj siv sia tiv thaiv sab saud, tsoo kab rov tav armored lawj lossis bevel, tawg, tawg nws, thiab cov tawg (yam tsawg kawg yog kev xav) tuaj yeem nkag mus 25.4 hli ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm "lub thawv tiv thaiv "npog lub qhov taub phom loj, ua rau muaj hluav taws lossis tawg.
Lwm qhov muaj peev xwm tau piav los ntawm Jurens - tias lub foob pob hluav taws tau hla 178 hli txoj hlua khi, hla dhau lub lawj hla chav chav cav, thiab tawg hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub ntsiab thiab qis decks ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm pawg aft ntawm cellars, thaum tuag ntawm lub nkoj pib nrog lub foob pob ntawm cov mos txwv nyob hauv lub qhov taub-caliber cellar.
Qhov tseeb yog qhov ua tim khawv pom ntawm qhov xwm txheej tau piav qhia cov xwm txheej hauv qab no ua ntej qhov tawg ntawm lub nkoj: thawj zaug, thaum 05.56, 203-mm projectile tsoo los ntawm "Prince Eugen" ua rau muaj hluav taws loj heev nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm mainmast. Oddly txaus, tau dhau los ua qhov ncaj ncees ntawm cov roj av (peb tab tom tham txog ntau pua litres) uas ua rau muaj hluav taws, thiab txij li qhov hluav taws tau npog cov fenders ntawm thawj zaug txhaj tshuaj ntawm 102-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab UP tiv thaiv -cov phom dav hlau, uas tam sim ntawd pib tawg, nws nyuaj rau tua nws. Tom qab ntawd "Hood" raug tsoo ntawm ib pliag ntawm lub plhaub los ntawm "Bismarck" thiab tom qab ntawd - los ntawm "Tub Vaj Ntxwv Eugen", uas tsis ua rau nws muaj kev puas tsuaj, thiab tom qab ntawd muaj kev puas tsuaj loj tshwm sim.
Qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lub lawj zoo li qis dua, nplaim taws tawm mus, tab sis lub sijhawm ntawd nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb nqaim siab ntawm cov nplaim taws (zoo li lub dav hlau los ntawm cov pa roj loj loj), uas tau nce saum cov masts thiab tig mus sai mus rau hauv huab-puab cov huab ntawm cov pa luam yeeb tsaus ntuj, nyob hauv cov khib nyiab tau pom lub nkoj. Nws zais lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua tuag - thiab qhov ntawd tau tawg ua ob ntu (theej, txawm tias yog ib qho, txij li lub hauv paus, qhov tseeb, tsis muaj nyob ua ib ke), tau sawv ntawm tus pov thawj, tsa qia rau saum ntuj, thiab ces sai plunged rau hauv lub abyss.
Txawm tias muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj li qhov kev tuag ntawm Hood tau tshwm sim los ntawm 203-mm projectile ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Eugen, los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tau pib: lawv hais tias, thaum lub foob pob tawg, qhov hluav taws thaum kawg "poob qis" mus rau hauv lub cellar mine-caliber nrog rau cov khoom siv phom mos txwv. Tab sis cov ntawv no tsis txaus ntseeg heev - qhov tseeb yog tsuas yog los ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm lub cellar "Huda" tau tiv thaiv zoo heev. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, qhov hluav taws kub yuav tsum xub nkag mus rau cov khoom siv mos txwv mus rau kev teeb tsa lub lawj, uas coj mus rau hauv txoj kev tshwj xeeb, tom qab ntawd kis mus rau txoj kev hauv qab no (uas tsis txaus ntseeg heev, vim tias tsis muaj dab tsi hlawv rau qhov ntawd), mus rau lub taub hau coj mus rau hauv lub qhov taub phom loj thiab "nqes mus" nrog nws, txawm tias qhov sib tshooj ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ncej no nres qhov hluav taws kub kom ntseeg tau. Ntxiv mus, raws li kev sim tom qab pom, qhov hluav taws kub tsis zoo ua rau cov mos txwv tsis sib xws uas nyob hauv lub cellar ntawd. Tau kawg, txhua yam kev tsis txaus ntseeg tshwm sim hauv lub neej, tab sis qhov no yog kab tias dhau qhov txwv ntawm qhov tshwm sim.
Jurens qhia tias qhov tawg hauv lub cellar mine-action ua rau 380-mm Bismarck projectile tsoo, hluav taws pib (qhov nqaim heev thiab nplaig nplaim taws loj), tom qab ntawd lub cellars ntawm lub tsev yees tau tawg, thiab txhua yam zoo li feem ntau yuav ua rau Hood tuag … Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov tsis sib xws tseem tuaj yeem ua tau-qhov kev foob pob ntawm 381-mm cellars tau ua rau tawg ntawm cov mos txwv tiv thaiv dav hlau nyob hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv kuv lub cellar.
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov muaj peev xwm saum toj no, muaj qhov tshwm sim zoo ib yam uas Hood tau rhuav tshem 380-mm Bismarck projectile, uas tau tsoo lub hauv qab ntawm lub nkoj. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Wells tau txais qhov zoo sib xws - lub plhaub tsoo nws ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 degrees, thiab ua rau daim tawv nqaij 8, 5 m nyob hauv qab kab dej, thiab tom qab ntawd - 4 ntau qhov taub. Hmoov zoo, nws tsis tau tawg, tab sis qhov kev ntaus zoo tuaj yeem tua Hood. Muaj tseeb, muaj qee qhov ua xyem xyav txog qhov fuse, uas nyob hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ua ntej qhov projectile mus txog hauv lub cellars, tab sis Yurens tus qauv qhia pom tias cov kab ke uas cov projectile tau mus rau hauv cellars thiab tawg lawm twb muaj, tsis tas yuav mus dhau ua tau ntau yam rau German hnyav qeeb projectiles yog qhov ua tau.
Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, "Hood" tuag txaus ntshai heev thiab nrawm, tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tus yeeb ncuab. Tab sis nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias yog tias muaj lwm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua Askiv ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb tau nyob hauv nws qhov chaw, tib yam yuav zoo li yuav tshwm sim rau nws. Txog nws lub sijhawm, lub nkoj British sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg yog lub nkoj tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws, thiab thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho nws yog ib lub nkoj tiv thaiv tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Tab sis, raws li peb tau hais los saum no, nws cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsuas yog txwv tsis pub tiv thaiv qhov projectiles ntawm 380-381-mm cov phom loj tshuab niaj hnub no rau nws, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tsawg heev los tawm tsam riam phom tsim yuav luag 20 xyoo tom qab.
