75 xyoo dhau los, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Red Army tau pib tso Crimea. Lub Plaub Hlis 11, 1944, Soviet pab tub rog tau dim Dzhankoy thiab Kerch, thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 13 - Feodosia, Simferopol, Evpatoria thiab Saki, thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 14 - Sudak thiab Alushta thaum lub Plaub Hlis 15, thiab thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 16 lawv mus txog Sevastopol. Cov neeg German tau ntxiv dag zog rau lub nroog zoo, yog li lawv tau coj Sevastopol los ntawm cua daj cua dub nkaus xwb thaum lub Tsib Hlis 9.
Keeb kwm yav dhau
Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1941, Cov tub rog German tau ntes Crimea, tshwj tsis yog Sevastopol. Qhov kawg ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941, Kerch-Feodosia tsaws haujlwm tau pib. Cov tub rog Soviet tau nyob hauv Kerch Peninsula, tsim lub taub hau rau kev tshem tawm ntawm ceg av qab teb ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1942, Wehrmacht yeej Kerch pab pawg ntawm Soviet pab tub rog. Thaum lub Xya Hli xyoo 1942, Sevastopol poob. Nws txoj kev tiv thaiv tus phab ej tau dhau los ua ib nplooj ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj.
Cov tub rog German tau tsim thaj tsam dav dav ntawm Crimea (Tavria ib nrab koog tsev kawm ntawv) ua ib feem ntawm Reichskommissariat Ukraine. Cov neeg German tau ua phem tua neeg, rhuav tshem Soviet thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm koom nrog kev khuv leej nrog cov neeg koom tes, "haiv neeg tsis zoo" - Cov neeg Yudais, Gypsies, Karaites, Slavs, thiab lwm yam. Cov thawj coj hauv tebchaws German tau npaj coj cov neeg German nyob rau ceg av qab teb thiab tsim "Gotenland" ("Gotengau"), uas yog los ua ib feem ntawm Peb Reich. Cov Goths qub uas nyob hauv Crimea tau suav tias yog neeg German, thiab Fuhrer tau npaj los kho "thaj tsam Gothic".
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm Novorossiysk-Taman kev ua haujlwm (Lub Cuaj Hli-Lub Kaum Hli 1943), Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ua tiav kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Caucasus, tshem tawm Wehrmacht los ntawm Kuban-Taman tus choj. tuaj rau txoj hauv kev mus rau Crimean ceg av qab teb los ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Cov tub rog German 17th tau tawm ntawm lub taub hau Kuban thiab rov qab mus rau Crimea. Lub nkoj German tawm ntawm Hiav Txwv Azov. Txij thaum Lub Kaum Hli 31 txog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 11, 1943, Cov tub rog Soviet tau ua haujlwm Kerch-Eltigen tsaws haujlwm nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txeeb tus choj nyob hauv thaj av Kerch thiab ntxiv kev ywj pheej rau Crimea. Peb cov tub rog ua tsis tau raws li Kerch Peninsula los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, tab sis lawv muaj peev xwm los tuav lub hauv paus rau kev tawm tsam yav tom ntej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum lub sijhawm Nizhnedneprovsk txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb (Lub Cuaj Hli - Kaum Ob Hlis 1943), Cov Tub Rog Liab tau kov yeej cov tub rog German nyob rau sab qaum teb Tavria thiab thaiv 17 tus tub rog German hauv Crimea. Tsis tas li, cov tub rog Soviet tau nyob nrog tus choj tseem ceeb nyob rau yav qab teb ntug dej ntawm Sivash.
Nkoj nkoj nkoj Soviet ntawm hom "Ya-5", puas thaum lub sijhawm Kerch-Eltigen tsaws haujlwm. Kaum Ib Hlis 1943
Kev thauj cov khoom siv Soviet thaum lub sijhawm Kerch-Eltigen tsaws haujlwm
Hom 1124 lub nkoj tiv thaiv nkoj thiab kev sib tw ntawm Azov flotilla ntawm RKKF ua ntej tsaws hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj Kerch. Lub Ib Hlis 1944
Qhov xwm txheej dav dav ua ntej pib ua haujlwm
Cov tub rog German-kev coj noj coj ua tau thov kom tuav Crimea txhua tus nqi. Hauv kev ua haujlwm xaj ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm Wehrmacht No. 5 ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 13, 1943, tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg "A" Colonel-General E. von Kleist tau thov los ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev los txhawb kev tiv thaiv ntawm ceg av qab teb. Cov lus txib German tau thov kom khaws cia ntawm ceg av qab teb rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nom kev tswv. Crimea yog lub dav hlau tseem ceeb txuas rau npog Romanian cov roj av (raws li, nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau Soviet Air Force rau foob pob rau lawv), lub hauv paus tub rog tswj hwm Hiav Txwv Dub thiab tsaws cov tub rog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Romania thiab Bulgaria. Kev poob ntawm Crimea tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev nqis tes ua ntxiv ntawm Romania, Bulgaria thiab Qaib Cov Txwv, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv kev ua tub rog-kev nom kev tswv ntawm Balkan Peninsula, tsis yog qhov nyiam ntawm Peb Reich.
Yog li ntawd, Hitler tsis kam hloov Pawg Tub Rog 17th los ntawm Taman Peninsula mus rau Ukraine los pab Army Group South, txawm hais tias qhov no xav tau los ntawm kev ua tub rog-ua haujlwm. Cov tub rog 17th tau pauv mus rau Crimea. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 4, 1943, Hitler tau kos npe rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Wehrmacht lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm "Ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm Kuban tus choj thiab tiv thaiv Crimea", qhov uas nws tau thov kom txhua lub zog raug pov rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Crimea. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, npaj rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm thaj chaw muaj kev phom sij-Kerch Peninsula, Feodosia, Sudak, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lub taub hau ntawm 17th Army yog General of the Engineering Troops Erwin Eneke (Jenecke). Nws yog ib tus kws paub txog tub rog. Nws tau ua haujlwm hauv pab tub rog txij li xyoo 1911, yog tus koom nrog Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib. Koom nrog kev tawm tsam hauv tebchaws Poland thiab Fabkis. Xyoo 1942 - thaum ntxov 1943. Eneke tau hais kom Pawg Tub Rog thib 4, ib feem ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 6 ntawm Paulus, raug mob thiab khiav tawm ntawm Stalingrad mus rau Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Eneke tau ntsuas tshiab los tiv thaiv "Crimean Fortress".
Txij lub Cuaj Hlis 26 txog Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 5, 1943, Soviet pab tub rog tau ua haujlwm Melitopol kev tawm tsam (ib feem ntawm Nizhnedneprovsk txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm tseem ceeb). Tom qab kev tawm tsam tawv tawv thaum Lub Kaum Hli 23, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tso Melitopol. Nyob rau sab qab teb sab qab teb ntawm Melitopol, ib pab tub rog tub rog tub rog "Tempest" tau raug pov tseg ua ib feem ntawm 4th Guards Kuban Cossack Cavalry Corps ntawm General N. Ya. Kirichenko thiab 19th Tank Corps ntawm General ID Vasiliev, txhawb nqa los ntawm dav hlau. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 24, Hitler cov tub rog raug yuam kom pib tawm mus dav dav. Ua raws li cov yeeb ncuab, cov tub rog Soviet tau dim Genichesk thaum Lub Kaum Hli 30 thiab mus txog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Sivash Bay. Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1, Cov tub rog Soviet, tau kov yeej phab ntsa Turkish, tsoo rau hauv Perekop Isthmus. Kev tawg ntawm Soviet tankmen thiab cov tub rog caij nkoj tsis tau npaj txhij rau tus yeeb ncuab. Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2, Cov neeg German tau tawm tsam, thiab nrog cov tshuab los ntawm cov nplaim taws tau rov ua rau Turkish Phab Ntsa. Cov tsev kawm qib siab Soviet uas tau tawg dhau los ntawm Perekop Isthmus tam sim no tau sib ntaus sib tua. Thaum muaj kev sib ntaus hnyav, cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab Cossacks tsoo hla txoj kev mus rau lawv tus kheej thiab tuav tus choj.
Txij lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1 txog Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 3, 1943, cov tub rog ntawm Lub Tuam Tsev Rifle 10 ntawm Major General KP Neverov hla lub Sivash. Nws tau ua tiav ntawm 3-kilometer ncab ntawm Cape Kugaran mus rau Cape Dzhangara. Rau ob hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus, cov phom loj, tau nce mus txog 23-25 km, tau tso cuaj qhov chaw nyob. Cov lus hais hauv tebchaws German tau teeb tsa cov kev tawm tsam muaj zog, thawb rov qab peb cov tub rog, uas tsuas yog siv riam phom ntawm tus choj. Cov lus txib Soviet tau hloov pauv kev txhawb nqa, rab phom loj, thiab mos txwv mus rau tus choj. Thaum sib ntaus sib tua thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 7-10, Lub Kaum Hli 10 Lub Phiaj Xwm Phom Loj tau nthuav dav tus choj hla ntawm ntug dej sab qab teb ntawm Sivash mus rau 18 kis lus mev raws li pem hauv ntej thiab 14 kilometers tob. Yog li, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau thaiv pawg neeg Crimea ntawm Wehrmacht los ntawm thaj av, txeeb tau tus choj ntawm Perekop thiab sab qab teb ntawm Sivash, tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev tshem tawm ntawm Crimea.
Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws German Eneke, ntshai tsam Stalingrad tshiab, tau npaj txoj haujlwm rau "Kev Ua Haujlwm Michael" kom thaum kawg Lub Kaum Hli 1943, Pawg Tub Rog 17th tau khiav tawm ntawm Crimea los ntawm Perekop mus rau Ukraine. Txawm li cas los xij, Adolf Hitler txwv tsis pub cov tub rog tshem tawm ntawm Crimean ceg av qab teb. Eneke ntseeg tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog los cawm cov tub rog rau kev tawm tsam ntxiv. Hauv Crimea, nws pom nws tus kheej raug kaw. Fuhrer tau pib los ntawm cov tswv yim tseem ceeb thiab kev nom tswv tseem ceeb ntawm Crimean ceg av qab teb. Hitler txoj haujlwm tau txais kev txhawb nqa tag nrho los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog, Gross Admiral K. Doenitz, uas tau hais tias, yog tias tsim nyog, lub nkoj yuav tuaj yeem tshem tawm 200,000-muaj zog Crimean pawg hauv 40 hnub (yog tias ntawm huab cua tsis zoo - hauv 80 hnub). Raws li qhov tshwm sim, 17th Army tseem nyob hauv Crimea.
Cov tub rog German 17th, nyob ib puag ncig hauv Crimea, yog pab pawg muaj zog thiab sib ntaus sib tua-npaj txhij uas tso siab rau txoj haujlwm muaj zog. Hitler tseem cia siab rau kev tawm tsam, thiab Crimea yog tus choj tseem ceeb rau cov tub rog German. Yav tom ntej, raws li txoj kev npaj ntawm German tus thawj coj hais kom ua, pab pawg Crimean tau tsim los ua lub ntsej muag nyob tom qab ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, thiab ua ke nrog pab tub rog thib 6 nyob hauv thaj tsam Nikopol, kho qhov xwm txheej hauv tebchaws Ukraine, suav nrog thaj av kev sib txuas lus nrog Crimea.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg German tau tsim cov phiaj xwm rau kev khiav tawm ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 17th. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1943, Kev Ua Haujlwm Litzman thiab Ruderboot tau npaj tseg. Ntawm lub teeb liab los ntawm Litzman, Cov tub rog German tau xav tias yuav tsum hla dhau los ntawm Crimea dhau los ntawm Perekop los koom nrog pab tub rog thib 6, thiab cov tub rog seem tau npaj yuav raug tshem tawm ntawm Sevastopol nrog kev pab ntawm lub nkoj (Ua Haujlwm Ruderboot). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus txib ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 17th tau sim tshem tawm Soviet lub taub hau sab qab teb ntawm Sivash, txij li tsis muaj qhov no nws tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm Litzman. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov tub rog ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Rifle Corps 10 tau nthuav dav ntxiv tus choj. Cov tub rog ntawm Soviet Sib cais Primorsky Army hauv thaj av Kerch, los ntawm tus lej ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntiag tug, kuj nthuav dav thaj chaw uas tau ntes. Qhov kev hais kom ua ntawm pab tub rog German yuav tsum hloov pauv cov tub rog ntxiv mus rau Kerch cov lus qhia txhawm rau txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias, uas ua rau lub peev xwm tiv thaiv tsis zoo nyob rau sab qaum teb pem hauv ntej, ntawm Perekop.
Cov tub rog Soviet nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Sivash. Cov tub rog Liab nyob rau pem hauv ntej teeb tsa txoj haujlwm rau 12.7 hli DShK rab phom tshuab.
Cov tub rog Soviet caij nkoj 122-mm howitzer M-30 qauv 1938 hla Sivash Bay ntawm lub nkoj. Kaum Ib Hlis 1943
Cov tub rog Soviet thauj cov cuab yeej siv tub rog thiab nees hla lub Sivash. Hauv ntej yog rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank 45 hli. Hlis ntuj nqeg 1943
Txoj haujlwm ntawm pab pawg Crimean tau ua tsis zoo tas li. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis xyoo 1944, Pawg Tub Rog Caij Nyoog Sib Cais tau ua lwm txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb, uas tau rub cov tub rog German nyob hauv Kerch cov lus qhia thiab tsis tso cai rau lawv hloov mus rau sab qaum teb. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1944, pab tub rog thib 3 thiab 4 ntawm Ukrainian tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm Nikopol-Kryvyi Rih ua tiav. Cov Tub Rog Liab yeej tus tub rog German thib 6 thiab tshem tawm tus yeeb ncuab lub qhov taub Nikopol. Kev cia siab ntawm kev rov tsim kho txoj kev hauv av nrog Crimea tau ploj mus. Qhov thib 4 Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej tam sim no tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab pawg neeg Crimean. Sab hauv cov ceg av qab teb, kev tawm tsam ntawm pawg neeg sib zog ntau zog. Cov lus txib German yuav tsum tau hloov lub zog uas tsim nyog rau ntawm kab hauv ntej los tawm tsam cov neeg sab nrauv, los tiv thaiv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab kev sib txuas lus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg German lawv tus kheej tau lees tias nws muaj peev xwm kov yeej cov neeg koom nrog tsuas yog koom nrog cov rog tseem ceeb, thiab qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau.
Txog lub Plaub Hlis 1944, peb qhov kev tsim loj ntawm cov neeg koom nrog tau ua haujlwm ntawm ceg av qab teb, nrog rau tag nrho txog 4 txhiab tus neeg sib ntaus. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog Chav Sab Qab Teb ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv qab cov lus txib ntawm I. A. Macedonsky, tus kws lij choj M. V. Selimov, tus thawj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm A. A. Aristov. Cov koom tes tau nyob hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab qab teb ntawm Crimea (Alushta - Bakhchisarai - Yalta cheeb tsam). Qhov kev tshem tawm muaj ntawm pawg tub rog thib 4, 6 thiab 7, tag nrho ntawm 2, 2 txhiab tus neeg. Sab qaum teb thaj chaw hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm PR Yampolsky tau nyob hauv Zuiskie hav zoov. Qhov kev tshem tawm muaj cov tub rog thib 1 thiab thib 5, suav ntau dua 700 tus neeg sib ntaus. Kev tsim sab hnub tuaj raws li cov lus txib ntawm V. S. Kuznetsov tau nyob hauv Qub Crimean hav zoov, qhov kev cais tawm ntawm cov tub rog thib ob thiab thib 3, suav nrog ntau dua 600 pawg. Kev cais tawm ntawm pawg tswj hwm yuav luag tag nrho cov roob hav zoov ib feem ntawm Crimea.
Tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg Soviet pab pawg nrog rab phom PPSh submachine hauv Crimea. RGD-33 lub foob pob tawg rau ntawm pob zeb
Txawm hais tias qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev ua tub rog tsis zoo, German cov lus txib siab tau txuas ntxiv ua kom khaws Crimea ntawm txhua tus nqi. Txawm hais tias nyob rau lub sijhawm no Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam tsis zoo nyob rau hauv tebchaws Ukraine thiab 6 tus tub rog German tab tom raug kev puas tsuaj. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis-Lub Ob Hlis, Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog 73rd los ntawm 44th Pawg Tub Rog Sib Koom tau ya los ntawm sab qab teb ntawm Ukraine mus rau Crimea, thiab txog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 12, 111th Infantry Division los ntawm 6th Army of Army Group A tau raug xa mus. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hais kom ua ntawm pab tub rog 17th tau nkag siab tias ob pawg neeg tuaj yeem tsuas yog ntxiv dag zog rau txoj haujlwm ntawm pab pawg, tab sis kev swb yeej tsis tuaj yeem zam tau. Yuav tsum tau khiav tawm lub sijhawm.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24 thiab 25, 1944, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 17th, General von Xylander, tus kheej tau tshaj tawm rau Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm ntawm Cov Tub Rog Hauv Cheeb Tsam, General Kurt Zeitzler, txog qhov xav tau kev khiav tawm. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 23, tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog, General Eneke, tau tshaj tawm dua rau cov lus txib ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg A txog qhov xav tau kev khiav tawm. Eneke tau sau tseg tias qhov xwm txheej nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tsis tso cai rau pawg tub rog 17th tau faib cov tub rog thiab txhais tau tias yog rau kev teeb tsa kev ua phem lossis txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov ntawm ceg av qab teb. Muab qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Lavxias pab tub rog sab hnub poob ntawm Dniep er thiab muaj peev xwm poob ntawm Odessa, kev sib txuas lus, qhov kev txhawb nqa ntxiv thiab cov khoom siv yuav raug cuam tshuam sai sai, uas thaum kawg yuav ua rau lub peev xwm ntawm Crimea tiv thaiv. Tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog tau thov kom tshem tawm sai sai ntawm pab pawg Crimean, uas yuav tso cai, yog tias muaj cov nkoj thiab dav hlau txaus, kom tshem tawm cov tub rog feem ntau. Yog tias qhov kev txiav txim no lig, tom qab ntawd kev sib cais ntawm German thiab Romanian raug hem tias yuav tuag.
Txawm li cas los xij, German cov lus txib tseem tsis tau tso tseg lub tswv yim tuav Crimea. Txawm hais tias qhov xwm txheej tub rog tseem ceeb txuas ntxiv mus zuj zus. Cov neeg German tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv mus rau ceg av qab teb, txij li Red Army txuas ntxiv nws qhov kev ua phem rau sab qab teb ntawm Soviet-German pem hauv ntej. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 26, 1944, cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej tau nkag mus rau thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog Balti ntawm ciam teb Soviet-Romanian. Cov tub rog Soviet hla Prut thiab tawm tsam hauv Romania. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 8, cov chav ntawm 1st Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej hla lub xeev ciam teb ntawm USSR nrog Romania hauv cov roob ntawm Carpathians. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 10, cov tub rog ntawm 3rd Ukrainian Front tau dim Odessa.
Cov tub rog Soviet - cov tub rog ntawm 4th Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej tau hais los ntawm General of the Army F. I. Tolbukhin, Pawg Sib Koom Primorsky nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm General of Army A. I. FS Oktyabrsky thiab Azov cov tub rog flotilla, coj los ntawm Rear Admiral SG Gorshkov, yog kom txuas ntxiv qhov kev tawm tsam thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1944. Txawm li cas los xij, "txiv neej thov, tab sis Vajtswv tsis lees paub." Raws li tau sau tseg los ntawm tus thawj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm UV thib 4, Sergei Biryuzov, nws nyuaj rau tsim kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tub rog, tom qab ntawd muaj daus tsis tau xav txog pib hauv Tavria. Daus tau sau yuav luag ib meter. Nyuam qhuav pib, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 12-18, cua daj cua dub tau tsoo lub Sivash, uas tau rhuav tshem txoj kev hla. Kev hloov pauv ntawm pab tub rog thiab mos txwv nres, qhov pib ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ncua.
Cov Tso Tsheb Loj Pz. Kpfw. 38 (t) ntawm Cov Tub Rog Romanian thib ob hauv Crimea
Ob tus tub rog German nyob hauv lub trench ze Hiav Txwv Dub hauv Crimea
Tus thawj coj ntawm lub roj teeb thib 5 ntawm 505th sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Luftwaffe, tus thawj tub rog Johan Moore nrog tub rog tshuaj xyuas 88-mm Flak 36 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, ntawm daim ntaub thaiv (ntawm ob sab ntawm daim duab ntawm 26 tso tsheb hlau luam) thiab lub thoob uas yog cov cim qhia txog lub dav hlau tau poob thiab tsoo lub tso tsheb hlau luam hauv cheeb tsam Perekopa
Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Romanian Mountain Corps, General Hugo Schwab (thib ob los ntawm sab laug) thiab Tus Thawj Coj ntawm 49th Roob Corps ntawm Wehrmacht, General Rudolf Konrad (thawj los ntawm sab laug), ntawm 37-mm rab phom RaK 35/36 hauv Crimea. Lub ob hlis ntuj 1944
German pawg. Kws muaj txuj ci
Txog thaum pib lub Plaub Hlis 1944, pawg German-Romanian hauv Crimea suav nrog 5 German thiab 7 Romanian faib. Tag nrho kwv yees li 200 txhiab tus neeg, kwv yees li 3600 rab phom thiab phom, 215 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom tua phom, 148 lub dav hlau. Lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm 17th Army thiab 1st Rifle Corps tau nyob hauv Simferopol. Qhov muaj zog tshaj 80 txhiab. pab pawg ntawm 17th pab tub rog nyob rau sab qaum teb pem hauv ntej: peb pawg tub rog tawg rog, ib pab tub rog ntawm cov phom loj los ntawm 49th cov tub rog phom loj, ob pab tub rog thiab cov tub rog sib cais ntawm cov tub rog Romanian thib 3. Lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau nyob hauv Dzhankoy. Hauv qhov tshwj xeeb yog pawg tub rog German (tsis muaj ib tus tub rog), pab tub rog ntawm kev tua phom thiab Romanian cov tub rog tub rog.
Kerch cov lus qhia tau tiv thaiv los ntawm 60 txhiab.pab pawg: 2 pawg tub rog sib tua, ib pab tub rog ntawm kev ua phem (5th Army Corps), Romanian roob phom thiab sib cais tub rog. Sab qab teb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Feodosia mus rau Sevastopol tau tiv thaiv los ntawm Romanian 1st Rifle Corps Corps (ob ntu). Tsis tas li, cov neeg Romanians yuav tsum tawm tsam cov neeg koom nrog. Sab hnub poob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Sevastopol mus rau Perekop tau tiv thaiv los ntawm ob tus tub rog Romanian cov tub rog. Hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li 60 txhiab tus tub rog tau faib los tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv los ntawm kev tawm tsam yeeb ncuab thiab tawm tsam cov neeg sab nrauv.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Pawg Tub Rog 17th tseem suav nrog 9th Luftwaffe Air Division, ib pab tub rog loj, peb pab tub rog tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv, 10 RTK kev sib faib phom loj, Tsov rog Crimea toj roob hauv pes, sib cais Bergman, 13 cais cov tub rog ruaj ntseg thiab 12 pab tub rog caij nkoj.
Hauv thaj tsam ntawm Perekop Isthmus, Cov Neeg German tau npaj peb thaj chaw tiv thaiv, uas tau tiv thaiv los ntawm German 50th Infantry Division, txhawb los ntawm cov tub rog sib cais thiab cov chav tshwj xeeb (txog 20 txhiab tus tub rog tag nrho, nrog 365 phom thiab phom, 50 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom tua tus kheej). Lub cheeb tsam tseem ceeb tiv thaiv, 4-6 km sib sib zog nqus, muaj peb txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv nrog cov phiaj xwm puv ntoob, bunkers thiab bunkers. Qhov txuas tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv yog Armyansk, npaj rau kev tiv thaiv thoob plaws. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Perekop Isthmus, nruab nrab ntawm Karkinitsky Bay thiab Staroye thiab Krasnoye pas dej, muaj kab thib ob ntawm kev tiv thaiv, 6 - 8 km tob. Nov yog kev tiv thaiv German tso siab rau Ishun txoj haujlwm, uas thaiv qhov kev tawm mus rau thaj tsam steppe ntawm ceg av qab teb. Kab thib peb ntawm kev tiv thaiv, nws txoj kev npaj tseem tsis tau ua tiav, dhau ntawm Chartylyk River.
Ntawm ntug dej sab qab teb ntawm Sivash, qhov chaw uas cov tub rog ntawm 51st Soviet Army txeeb tau tus choj, cov neeg German tau npaj ob lossis peb thaj tsam tiv thaiv 15-17 km tob. 336th German Infantry Division thiab Romanian Infantry Division tau tiv thaiv ntawm no. Cov av tau nyuaj rau kev tawm tsam - isthmuses ntawm plaub lub pas dej. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg German muaj peev xwm ua kom sib ntaus sib tua, tsim txhua yam kom zoo, thiab tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo.
Hauv Kerch cov lus qhia, Cov Neeg German tau npaj plaub thaj tsam tiv thaiv nrog qhov tob tag nrho ntawm 70 kilometers. Lub hauv ntej thiab txoj kab tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv tau ua raws Kerch thiab nws qhov siab. Kab thib ob ntawm kev tiv thaiv mus raws Turetsky, tus thib peb mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm kev hais daws Xya Kolodezey, Kenegez, Adyk, Obekchi, Karasan, plaub - thaiv Ak -Monaysky isthmus. Ib qho ntxiv, cov neeg German muaj txoj haujlwm nyob tom qab ntawm kab Saki - Evpatoria, Sarabuz, Stary Krym, Sudak, Feodosia, Karasubazar - Zuya, Alushta - Yalta, Sevastopol.
Soviet rog. Kev npaj ua haujlwm
Cov tub rog Soviet suav txog 470 txhiab tus neeg, kwv yees li 6 txhiab rab phom thiab phom, ntau dua 550 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom tua tus kheej, 1250 lub dav hlau. Lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau xa los ntawm 4th Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej, lub koom haum pabcuam - los ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Nkoj Sib Cais. Cov Tub Rog Liab nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ua ke los ntawm sab qaum teb (Perekop thiab Sivash) thiab los ntawm sab hnub tuaj (Kerch), nyob rau hauv kev coj mus rau Simferopol - Sevastopol, koom tes nrog lub nkoj thiab cov pab pawg sib cais, xav tias yuav tawg los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv, txiav thiab rhuav tshem 17th tus tub rog German, tiv thaiv cov neeg German thiab Romanians kom dim ntawm qhov chaw.
Qhov thib plaub UV tau xa ob qhov kev tawm tsam: thawj qhov tseem ceeb los ntawm tus choj hla ntawm ntug dej sab qab teb ntawm Sivash tau xa los ntawm 51st pab tub rog ntawm Ya. G. Kreizer thiab cov tub rog 19 lub cev ntxiv ID Vasiliev (txij lub Plaub Hlis 11 I. Potseluev) hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Dzhankoy - Simferopol - Sevastopol; lub tshuab pabcuam thib ob tau xa los ntawm GF Zakharov's 2nd Guards Army ntawm Perekop hauv kev qhia dav dav ntawm Evpatoria - Sevastopol.
Ib pab tub rog Primorskaya cais kuj tseem xav kom xa ob qhov kev tawm tsam ua ke - sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb ntawm Bulganak - hauv kev coj ua dav dav ntawm Vladislavovka thiab Feodosia. Thaum tawg los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv, cov tub rog yuav tsum txhim kho kev txav mus los ntawm qub Crimea - Simferopol - Sevastopol thiab raws ntug dej hiav txwv sab qab teb hla Feodosia - Sudak - Alushta - Yalta mus Sevastopol. Lub Nkoj Hiav Txwv Dub tau xav tias yuav cuam tshuam nrog tus yeeb ncuab txoj kev sib txuas lus hiav txwv nrog kev pab ntawm lub nkoj torpedo, nkoj submarines thiab kev tsav dav hlau (ntau dua 400 lub dav hlau). Ib qho ntxiv, dav dav dav dav (ntau dua 500 lub tsheb) tau tawm tsam lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yeeb ncuab, kev sib tshuam ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov chaw nres nkoj (Konstanz, Galati thiab Sevastopol).
Soviet marines Vladimir Ivashev thiab Nikolai Ganzyuk teeb tsa lub nkoj lub nkoj ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm Kerch - Mount Mithridat. Crimea. Plaub Hlis 11, 1944. Qhov chaw yees duab:
