Thaum Lub Xya Hli 14, 1500, Cov tub rog Lavxias tau kov yeej cov tub rog Lithuanian hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Dej Vedrosh. Kev sib ntaus sib tua no tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias-Lithuanian Tsov Rog ntawm 1500-1503. Cov neeg Lavxias tau rhuav tshem lossis ntes feem ntau ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog. Cov neeg Lithuanians poob lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab tau swb hauv kev ua rog.
Moscow ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig kev thaj yeeb nrog Lithuania, ua haujlwm yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm Lithuanian tus thawj tswj hwm, suav nrog Severshchina qub Lavxias.
Kev tawm tsam ntawm ob lub chaw Lavxias
Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm feudal fragmentation, lub cev qhuav dej ntawm ancient faj tim teb chaws ntawm Rurik, tsis muaj ib lub xeev Lavxias. Kiev, Ryazan, Moscow, Novgorod, Pskov thiab lwm qhov tseem ceeb thiab thaj av nyob ntawm lawv tus kheej, raws li kev ywj pheej muaj hwj chim. Cov neeg nyob ze tau siv qhov zoo ntawm qhov no. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Russia tau raug ntes los ntawm Hungary, Poland thiab Lithuania. Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania suav nrog thaj av ntawm Tsawg, Dub thiab Dawb Rus, Bryansk, Smolensk thiab lwm thaj av ntawm Rus.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania thiab Russia yog lub xeev Lavxias tiag, yog tus sib tw rau Moscow hauv kev koom ua ke ntawm Lavxias av. Tus thawj tswj hwm tau txiav txim los ntawm Lithuanian cov thawj coj. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm thaj av thiab cov pej xeem yog neeg Lavxias. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb yog haiv neeg Lavxias. Lub xeev thiab cov lus sau yog Lavxias. Cov lus Lithuanian tau hais tsuas yog ntawm cov neeg hauv qab ntawm cov neeg ntawm haiv neeg Lithuania, txawm hais tias maj mam cov neeg Lithuanians lawv tus kheej hloov mus rau Lavxias (raws li kev tsim kho lus). Ib qho ntxiv, cov neeg Lithuanians tsis tshua muaj (hauv cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm) sib cais los ntawm zej zog Balto-Slavic haiv neeg-lus, kom txog thaum tsis ntev los no lawv tau pe hawm Perun thiab Veles, cov vajtswv koom nrog cov neeg Lavxias. Ntawd yog, Cov neeg Lavxias thiab Lithuanians txog thaum tsis ntev los no yog tib neeg, nrog rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab khoom siv. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm tib lub zog, lawv tuaj yeem rov los ua ib tus neeg.
Lithuania yog tub rog muaj hwj chim loj. Los ntawm Horde, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws ciam teb tau npog los ntawm lwm thaj av Lavxias. Muaj peev xwm loj heev. Grand Duchy muaj txoj hauv kev zoo los ua tus txheej txheem ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm tag nrho lossis feem ntau ntawm thaj av Lavxias. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tseem ceeb Lithuanian tsis tuaj yeem siv lub sijhawm no. Cov neeg tseem ceeb Lithuanian maj mam ua raws txoj hauv kev ntawm Westernization, Polonization thiab Catholicization. Cov neeg gentry (boyars) tau dhau los ua polized, thiab cov neeg zej zog hauv zej zog tau ua qhev raws li tus qauv Polish, hloov mus ua qhev-qhev. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb thiab tib neeg. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Moscow, thawj qhov tsis muaj zog hauv kev hais txog tub rog-kev lag luam thiab hais txog cov peev txheej tib neeg, Lavxias lub xeev, tau coj thiab dhau los ua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm thaj av Lavxias (Lavxias ntiaj teb-kev vam meej).
Qhov xwm txheej ua ntej tsov rog
Thaum lub caij kav ntawm Ivan III Vasilievich (1462-1505), Moscow tau tawm tsam. Cov theem ntawm "sib sau ua ke Russia av" pib. Ivan ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib raug zoo nrog Tver, Ryazan thiab Pskov. Cov Yaroslavl, Dmitrov thiab Rostov tau poob lawv txoj kev ywj pheej. Ntau tus thawj coj tau dhau los ua "tub qhe" subordinate rau yawg loj. Moscow tsoo Novgorod veche koom pheej. Xyoo 1478 Novgorod tau lees paub, nws "kev ywj pheej" kev txiav txim raug tshem tawm. Mastering Sab Qaum Teb, Moscow swb Perm, Ugra thiab Vyatka. Ivan the Great tau tawm tsam Horde, uas tau lwj thiab tau nyob rau lub sijhawm tawg. Qhov tseeb, Moscow twb tau muaj kev ywj pheej kiag thiab tau them se raws li kev coj noj coj ua qub. Xyoo 1480, qhov kev lig kev cai no tseem raug tshem tawm. Horde muaj zog yav dhau los tau tawg sai, thiab Moscow tau pib ua raws txoj cai tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb, dhau los ua qhov chaw tshiab ntawm Eurasian tshiab (sab qaum teb) lub tebchaws.
Qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txoj cai nquag thiab ua tiav ntawm Moscow yog pab tub rog, uas tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb. Ib pab tub rog hauv nroog tau tsim - cov tub rog siab loj. Kev tsim cov tub rog loj tau tsim, suav nrog cov phom loj. Kev muaj peev xwm ua tub rog ntau ntxiv, vim yog kev nom kev tswv thiab nyiaj txiag txhim kho ntawm lub xeev thiab kev nqis tes ua ntawm lub tebchaws, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev tshem tawm cov kev tawm tsam thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm hordes ntawm ciam teb sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, ua rau muaj kev nom tswv muaj zog ntawm Kazan, Crimea thiab lwm yam tawg ntawm Horde, nthuav cov khoom nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, thiab ua tiav tawm tsam Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania, Livonian Order thiab Sweden rau kev rov kho peb cov ciam teb ntuj nyob rau sab qaum teb, sab qaum teb sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub poob.
Nws yog qhov tseeb tias Moscow lub siab xav "sau thaj av" tau ntsib nrog kev tawm tsam los ntawm Lithuania. Moscow thwarted kev npaj los ntawm Novgorodians kom nyob hauv txoj cai ntawm Grand Duchy. Xyoo 1480, Horde tau koom nrog kev koom tes nrog Lithuania, qhia tawm tsam Moscow. Nyob rau hauv lem, Moscow yog "phooj ywg" nrog Crimean Khanate tiv thaiv Lithuania. Ib feem ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe ntawm Grand Duchy pib saib mus rau Moscow kev tswj hwm, hla mus rau sab ntawm Moscow. Kev sib cav ntawm ciam teb dhau mus tas li. Lawv tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ciam teb. Moscow tsis lees paub Lithuania txoj cai los ua lub nroog Kozelsk, Serensky thiab Khlepnem, thiab nrhiav kev los tswj hwm tus thawj tswj hwm Verkhovian, uas tau nyob hauv txoj cai ntawm tus tub huabtais Lithuanian hauv Vasily II. Tom qab kev tswj hwm ntawm Veliky Novgorod, lwm qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum tshwm sim - txog "Rzhev khoom plig". Moscow cov tub rog nyob rau ntau tus ciam teb ciam av, uas yog thaum xub thawj koom nrog Moscow-Lithuanian (lossis Novgorod-Lithuanian) muaj. Nov yog yuav ua li cas Tsov Rog Lav Xias-Lithuanian ntawm 1487-1494 tau pib, "kev ua rog txawv txawv" (raug cai, ob lub hwj chim tau nyob kaj siab lug thoob plaws qhov teeb meem).
Hauv ntiaj teb xyoo 1494, feem ntau ntawm thaj av uas cov tub rog Lavxias nyob yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev Ivan the Great. Nrog rau lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog Vyazma. Lithuania rov qab mus rau lub nroog Lyubutsk, Mezetsk, Mtsensk thiab qee qhov ntxiv. Grand Duchy tsis kam lees "Rzhev khoom plig". Tsis tas li ntawd, kev pom zoo ntawm Lavxias tus thawj tswj hwm tau txais rau kev sib yuav ntawm nws tus ntxhais Elena nrog Grand Duke ntawm Lithuania Alexander. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tau raug txwv tsis pub lees txais cov kev pabcuam khiav tawm nrog rau cov vaj tsev.
Yog vim li cas rau kev ua tsov rog tshiab
Kev cog lus ntawm 1494 tau txiav txim siab los ntawm ob tog los ua ib ntus. Tsoomfwv Lithuanian tau mob siab ua pauj. Moscow, pom qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, tau npaj kom txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam kom rov qab los ntawm "Grand Duchy of Kiev". Cov ciam teb sab hnub poob tseem tsis tau muaj tseeb, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov teeb meem ciam teb tshiab thiab kev tsis sib haum uas txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum tsov rog tshiab.
Xyoo 1497, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Moscow thiab Sweden tau xaus, thiab kev thaj yeeb tau xaus rau lub sijhawm xwb. Tsov rog tshiab nrog Lithuania tab tom ua. Npau taws los ntawm kev xav hloov nws tus ntxhais Elena rau Catholicism, Moscow txoj cai tswj hwm rov pib nrhiav cov thawj coj uas tau tawm ntawm kev pabcuam Lithuanian. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1500, Semyon Belsky, Vasily Shemyachich thiab Semyon Mozhaisky, uas yog tus tswv loj nyob rau sab hnub tuaj sab hnub tuaj ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania nrog cov nroog Belaya, Novgorod-Seversky, Rylsk, Radogoshch, Starodub, Gomel, Chernigov, Karachev, Hotiml, dhau los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Moscow. Tsov rog dhau los ua kev tsis pom kev.
Nyob rau hnub ua ntej ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, Grand Duke ntawm Lithuania Alexander Kazimirovich tau siv ntau qib los ua ke nws cov tub rog thiab txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1499, Gorodel Union tau xaus ntawm Grand Duchy thiab Poland. Tsis tas li ntawd, Lithuania txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog Livonia thiab Great Horde (Sheikh-Akhmet Khan) tau ntxiv dag zog. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog Poland, tsis yog Livonia, lossis Great Horde tsis muaj peev xwm muab kev pab tub rog tam sim rau Lithuania.
Defeat ntawm Lithuania
Ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm txoj cai txawv teb chaws txoj cai, lub nroog Moscow zoo tshaj tau pib ua tsov rog. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau ua raws li txoj kev npaj ua ntej. Hmo ua ntej ntawm kev ua rog, peb pab tub rog tau tsim: ntawm Toropetsky, Smolensk thiab Novgorod-Seversky qhia. Tsis tas li, ib feem ntawm pab tub rog tau npaj tseg txhawm rau muab kev pab rau pab tub rog qhov twg yuav pom cov yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb.
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 3, 1500, tus tswv tsev nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm kev ntiab tawm Kazan Khan Muhammad-Emin thiab Yakov Zakharyich (Koshkin-Zakharyin), uas tau ua haujlwm rau Ivan the Great, tau tawm ntawm Moscow mus rau ciam teb Lithuanian. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau ntes Mtsensk, Serpeisk, Bryansk, thiab ua ke nrog cov tub rog ntawm Semyon Mozhaisky thiab Vasily Shemyachich, thaum Lub Yim Hli coj Putivl.
Hauv lwm cov lus qhia, kev tawm tsam Lavxias kuj tau ua tiav. Cov tub rog tau tsim los ntawm Novgorodians raws li cov lus txib ntawm tus tswv xeev Andrei Chelyadnin, ntxiv dag zog los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm kev tswj hwm tus thawj coj Volotsky, ntes Toropets. Lwm pab tub rog nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm voivode Yuri Zakharyich (tus tij laug ntawm Yakov Zakharyich) ntes Dorogobuzh. Muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawm ntawm Moscow pab tub rog mus rau Smolensk. Kev ua phem tsis zoo ntawm Lavxias pab tub rog ua rau ceeb ntshai Alexander Kazimirovich thiab nws cov neeg koom nrog. Kev sib sau nrawm tau ua tiav, kev tawm tsam Lithuanian tau xav los ntawm Smolensk mus rau Dorogobuzh. Ib pab tub rog nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm kev paub txog voivode Daniil Shchenya tau hloov pauv sai sai rau Dorogobuzh los ntawm thaj av Tver. Nws koom nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm Yuri Zakharyich thiab tau hais kom ua tag nrho pab tub rog. Nws tus lej tau mus txog 40 txhiab tus neeg tua rog.
Raws li cov xwm txheej tom ntej pom, qhov kev txiav txim siab tso nyiaj cia tseg raws li cov lus txib ntawm ib tus thawj coj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Russia nyob ze Dorogobuzh yog qhov raug. Los ntawm Smolensk mus txog Yelnya, 40,000 tus tub rog Lithuanian muaj zog tau txav los ntawm kev hais kom ua ntawm hetman ntawm Lithuanian tus tub huabtais Konstantin Ostrozhsky. Kwv yees kwv yees ntawm cov tub rog ntawm txhua tog ntawm 40 txhiab tus tub rog zoo li tau suav tias yog ib qib lossis lwm qhov, tab sis tag nrho cov rog ntawm ob sab yog kwv yees li sib npaug. Ob pab tub rog tau ntsib hauv thaj tsam ntawm Trosna, Vedrosha thiab Selchanka dej. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 14, 1500, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau txiav txim siab nruab nrab ntawm lawv, uas dhau los ua qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsov rog tag nrho.
Ua ntej kev sib ntaus sib tua, Lavxias pab tub rog tau nyob hauv nws lub yeej rog ntawm Mitkovo Ncej, 5 km sab hnub poob ntawm Dorogobuzh, hla tus dej Vedrosh. Tib txoj kev hla hla cov chaw no raug pov hla lub thoob. Kev ceeb toom ceeb toom qhia txog tus yeeb ncuab txoj hauv kev. Cov thawj coj Lavxias, tsis txhob txwm ua kom puas tus choj, npaj cov tub rog rau kev sib ntaus sib tua. Lub zog tseem ceeb yog Great Scheni Regiment. Txoj cai flank tau npog los ntawm Dnieper, hauv thaj chaw uas tus dej ntws mus rau hauv. Hlua, sab laug - kaw los ntawm hav zoov loj, tiv thaiv tsis tau. Cov tub rog zais cia tau tso rau hauv hav zoov - Tus Saib Xyuas Tub Rog ntawm Yuri Zakharyich. Nyob ntawm ntug dej sab hnub poob ntawm Vedrosha, tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej, uas tau xav tias yuav koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab ntxias cov yeeb ncuab mus rau lwm sab, qhov uas peb cov tub rog tseem tos nws.
Tsis zoo li Moscow tus tswv xeev, hetman Ostrozhsky tau mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yav tom ntej yam tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia txog tus yeeb ncuab. Nws muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws txog cov neeg raug kaw thiab cov neeg khiav tawm. Thiab nws ntseeg tias tsuas yog pab tub rog Lavxias me me tau sawv ntawm nws xub ntiag. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg Lithuanians tau ntxeev cov tub rog Lavxias dhau los thiab hla tus dej, qhov uas lawv tau txiav mus rau hauv Cov Tub Rog Loj. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tawv ncauj tau kav ob peb teev. Nws qhov txiaj ntsig tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Ambush Regiment. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau mus rau tom qab ntawm cov neeg Lithuanians, rhuav tshem tus choj thiab txiav txoj hauv kev kom thim rov qab. Tom qab ntawd, kev ntaus ntawm tus yeeb ncuab poob tau pib. Tsuas yog tua cov neeg Lithuanians poob txog 8 txhiab tus neeg. Ntau tus neeg poob dej thaum khiav lossis raug ntes, suav nrog tus txiv neej ntawm Ostrog thiab lwm tus tswv xeev. Tsis tas li, tag nrho cov phom loj thiab cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tau dhau los ua khoom plig Lavxias.
Tsov rog nrog Livonia
Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tus dej Vedrosh, lub zog tseem ceeb thiab muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog Lithuanian tau raug rhuav tshem thiab raug ntes. Grand Duchy poob nws lub peev xwm ua phem thiab hla mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv. Tsuas yog qhov xwm txheej ntawm lwm qhov ciam teb ntawm Lavxias lub xeev tau cawm Ltalis los ntawm kev swb ntxiv.
Cov yeej ntawm Lavxias tau ceeb toom lwm tus neeg sib tw ntawm Moscow. Feem ntau ntawm txhua qhov, Livonians ntshai, uas tau txiav txim siab koom nrog Grand Duchy. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1501, cov tub lag luam Lavxias tau raug ntes hauv Dorpat-Yuryev, lawv cov khoom raug nyiag. Pskov cov kws sawv cev xa mus rau Livonia raug kaw. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1501, kev koom tes ua tub rog ntawm Lithuania thiab Livonia tau kos npe. Kev sib cav pib ntawm ciam teb sab qaum teb hnub poob. Thaum lub Yim Hli 1501, pab tub rog ntawm Livonian tus thawj coj Walter von Plettenberg pib ntxeem tau ntawm thaj av Pskov. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 27, Livonians yeej cov tub rog Lavxias (cov tub rog los ntawm Novgorod, Pskov thiab Tver) ntawm Seritsa River.
Cov Livonians tau thaiv Izborsk, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem coj nws mus. Tom qab ntawd cov tub rog txiav txim tau tsiv mus rau Pskov. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 7, Livonians tau siege rau lub fortress me me ntawm Ostrov. Hmo ntuj ntawm lub Cuaj Hlis 8, kev tawm tsam hmo ntuj tau pib, thaum sib ntaus sib tua tag nrho cov pej xeem hauv nroog tau raug tua - 4 txhiab tus neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, tau coj lub chaw tiv thaiv, Livonians tsis tuaj yeem tsim kho thawj qhov kev ua tiav thiab rov thim rov qab mus rau lawv thaj chaw. Kev sib kis tau pib hauv pab tub rog. Tus tswv nws tus kheej poob mob. Ib qho ntxiv, Livonian cov lus txib tsis tau twv txuas ntxiv qhov kev tawm tsam nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm tawv tawv Lavxias tsis kam thiab tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Lithuanians. Grand Duke Alexander tau cog lus rau tus tswv ntawm kev pab hauv kev tawm tsam Pskov, tab sis nws tau faib tsuas yog kev cais me me, thiab txawm tias lig dhau los. Qhov tseeb yog tias Vaj Ntxwv Jan Olbracht (tij laug ntawm Grand Duke Alexander) tuag hauv tebchaws Poland, thiab Alexander tau tawm mus noj zaub mov, qhov uas tau xaiv huab tais tshiab. Alexander Kazimirovich tau raug xaiv los ua tus huab tais Polish tshiab.
Moscow txawj ntse tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev ua ntawm nws cov neeg sib tw thiab thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg 1501 ua pauj rau Livonia. Ib pab tub rog loj nyob hauv qab cov lus txib ntawm Daniil Shchenya thiab Alexander Obolensky tau nce mus rau ciam teb sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Russia. Nws kuj suav nrog Tatar qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm Khan Muhammad-Emin. Grand Duke cov tub rog koom ua ke nrog Pskovites thiab txeeb tau Livonia. Cov av sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kev Txiav Txim, tshwj xeeb yog cov khoom ntawm Dorpat tus npis sov, tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj heev. Tus tswv tau tawm tsam hauv cheeb tsam Dorpat. Thaum xub thawj, ua tsaug rau qhov ua rau xav tsis thoob, Livonians thawb cov neeg Lavxias tawm, thiab Voivode Obolensky tuag. Tab sis tom qab ntawd cov neeg Lavxias thiab Tatars tau nkag siab thiab mus rau qhov tsis txaus siab, qhov kev txiav txim cov tub rog tau raug kev puas tsuaj. Kev nrhiav thiab ntaus ntawm cov tub rog Livonian uas khiav tawm mus txuas ntxiv txog 10 mais. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb ntawm Livonian pab tub rog tau raug puas tsuaj.
Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no 1501-1502. pab tub rog Shchenya rov ua phiaj xwm hauv Livonia, raws li Revel-Kolyvan. Livonia tau mob hnyav dua ib zaug ntxiv. Kev tawm dag zog tshiab nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1502, cov Livonians rov mus ua phem. Ib tus neeg German tau tawm tsam Ivangorod, lwm qhov me me Pskov fortress, Krasny Gorodok. Ob qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Livonians ua tsis tiav, cov yeeb ncuab tau thim rov qab sai. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1502, nyob nruab nrab ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Smolensk los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias, Livonians tau pib ua phem rau Pskov los pab cov neeg Lithuanians. Master Plettenberg tso kev ua phem rau Izborsk. Kev ua phem rau Izborsk ua tsis tiav, tom qab ntawd cov neeg German tau mus rau Pskov. Kev sim rhuav tshem phab ntsa nrog cov phom loj ua tsis tau tiav. Thaum kawm paub txog kev ua tub rog Lavxias los ntawm Novgorod, lawv tau coj los ntawm tus tswv xeev Shchenya thiab Shuisky, cov neeg German tau thim rov qab sai sai rau lawv thaj chaw.
Hauv kev tawm tsam Moscow, ntxiv rau Livonia, lub khan kawg ntawm Great Horde Sheikh-Ahmed kuj tseem tau pab kev pab rau Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1501, nws cov tub rog tau tawm tsam Seversk thaj av, rhuav tshem Rylsk thiab Novgorod-Seversky, thiab rhuav tshem ib puag ncig ntawm Starodub. Kev cais cais cais tau mus txog Bryansk. Qhov no tau hloov pauv qee qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tswj hwm Moscow zoo.
Rov qab los ntawm Severshchina
Txawm hais tias kev txhawb nqa ntawm Livonia thiab Great Horde, Lithuania poob kev ua tsov rog. Twb tau nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1501, cov thawj coj hauv nroog Moscow tau tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam tshiab rau hauv thaj chaw Lithuanian. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis, Lavxias pab tub rog kov yeej cov neeg Lithuanians hauv cheeb tsam Mstislavl. Lithuanians poob txog 7 txhiab leej neeg. Muaj tseeb, nws tsis tuaj yeem coj Mstislavl nws tus kheej. Lub sijhawm no, Tatars ntawm Great Horde tau tawm tsam Severshchina. Cov no yog cov vaj tse ntawm Vasily Shemyachich thiab Semyon Mozhaisky, thiab lawv tau nrawm los tiv thaiv lawv cov khoom. Lub caij no, cov tub rog ntawm Sheikh-Ahmed tau tawm tsam los ntawm Crimean horde, thiab lawv tau swb lawm. Great Horde tau poob lawm.
Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1502, cov tub rog Lavxias tau sim coj Smolensk, tab sis tsis ua tiav. Tom qab ntawd, cov tswv xeev Lavxias hloov lawv cov tswv yim. Lawv tsis tau nrhiav kom tiv thaiv cov chaw tiv thaiv, tab sis tsuas yog ua rau lub tebchaws Lithuanian puas tsuaj. Lithuania, tsis tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv ua tsov rog, zoo li Livonia, thov kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 25, 1503, Kev Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Phem tau xaus rau lub sijhawm rau xyoo. 19 lub nroog, suav nrog Chernigov, Starodub, Putivl, Rylsk, Novgorod-Seversky, Gomel, Lyubech, Pochep, Trubchevsk, Bryansk, Mtsensk, Serpeysk, Mosalsk, Dorogobuzh, Toropets thiab lwm tus, raug ntes los ntawm Lavxias lub xeev. Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania kuj poob 70 volosts. 22 chaw nyob thiab 13 lub zos, uas yog, txog ib feem peb ntawm nws thaj chaw.
Nws yog qhov ua tiav zoo rau Lavxias caj npab thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv kev sib sau ua ke ntawm thaj av Lavxias. Russia kuj tau txais txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tub rog: tus ciam teb tshiab hla hauv thaj tsam li 50 km ntawm Kiev thiab 100 km ntawm Smolensk. Kev rov pib dua ntawm kev tawm tsam rau kev tsim kom muaj kev koom ua ke ntawm Lavxias lub xeev yog qhov tsis yooj yim sua. Tsar Ivan the Great nws tus kheej tau paub txog qhov no thiab tau npaj rau rov qab los ntawm txhua "nws txiv, tag nrho Lavxias teb sab av", suav nrog Kiev.
