75 xyoo dhau los, Red Army tau coj lub peev ntawm Slovakia los ntawm cua daj cua dub. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 1, 1945, cov chav ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej tau mus txog rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Bratislava. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 4, peb cov tub rog tau tso tag nrho cov peev ntawm Slovak.
Qhov xwm txheej dav dav
Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1945, cov tub rog Soviet txuas ntxiv lawv cov kev tawm tsam sab qab teb tis ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Ntawm sab xis ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej (2nd UV), 4th Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej thaum Lub Peb Hlis 10, 1945, tau pib ua phem rau thaj tsam Moravian-Ostrava industrial. Ntawm sab laug ntawm sab UV thib ob, thib 3 Ukrainian pem hauv ntej tau nce siab hauv Vienna kev coj. Kev tawm tsam ntawm Vienna tau koom nrog sab laug ntawm 2nd UV - Pawg Tub Rog 46th thiab 2nd Guards Mechanized Corps. Cov tub rog 46th ntawm Petrushevsky tau tsoo hauv Vienna cov lus qhia thiab tib lub sijhawm ua rau muaj kev hem thawj los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau pawg Bratislava ntawm Wehrmacht.
Txoj cai tis ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej raws li cov lus txib ntawm R. Ya. Malinovsky - cov tub rog 40th thiab 53rd (thaum Lub Peb Hlis 25 cov tub rog no tau rov ua dua los koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Brno) ua ke nrog cov tub rog Romanian 4 thiab 1, 10 - Lub Peb Hlis 30, 1945 tau ua haujlwm Banska-Bystritskaya. Cov tub rog Soviet-Romanian tau xav tias yuav thim cov neeg German nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Slovakia thiab muab npog los ntawm sab qaum teb rau lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm kev nce qib hauv ntej ntawm Bratislava thiab Vienna. Thaum nce qib hauv cov roob nyuaj thiab hav zoov ntawm Western Carpathians, cov tub rog Lavxias tau ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm. Cov neeg German tsis tuaj yeem xa kev tawm tsam sab qaum teb thiab hloov cov tub rog los ntawm Carpathians mus rau Austria. Peb cov tub rog tshem tawm tus choj German nyob sab laug ntawm Hron River, nyob hauv lub chaw tsim khoom lag luam tseem ceeb thiab chaw sib txuas lus, lub nroog Banska Bystrica. Yog li, lub sijhawm tawm tsam ntawm Bratislava thiab Brno tau zoo.
Txoj kev npaj ua haujlwm thiab lub zog ntawm ob tog
Cov tub rog liab tau xa lub tshuab tseem ceeb hauv Bratislava cov lus qhia. Chav nyob ntawm 53rd thiab 7th Guards Armies thiab 1st Guards Cavalry Mechanized Group tau koom nrog hauv txoj haujlwm no. Lawv tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Kholostyakov's Danube cov tub rog flotilla thiab Goryunov tus tub rog thib 5 (nws tseem txhawb pab tub rog 46 hauv Vienna cov lus qhia nrog ib feem ntawm nws cov tub rog). Cov tub rog 40 ntawm Zhmachenko, tom qab ua tiav ntawm Banská Bystrica kev ua haujlwm, nce qib ntawm lub nroog Trencin. Cov tub rog Romanian (1st thiab 4th armies) txhawb nqa Russia kev tawm tsam. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov rog ntawm 2nd UKF suav txog 340 txhiab tus neeg (Soviet pab tub rog - 270 txhiab), ntau dua 6 txhiab rab phom thiab cug phom nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 75 hli lossis ntau dua, 240 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom rau tus kheej, 645 lub dav hlau.
Cov nyob ib sab ntawm 53rd thiab 7th Guards Armies nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Managarov thiab Shumilov tau muab txoj haujlwm hla tus Hron River thiab tsoo hla tus yeeb ncuab txoj kab kev tiv thaiv. Pliev's 1st Guards Cavalry Mechanized Group tau nkag mus rau qhov sib txawv. Lub KMG tau xav tias yuav tiv thaiv cov neeg German los ntawm kev ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov kab tiv thaiv yav tom ntej tau npaj tseg ntawm Nitra, Vag thiab Morava cov dej. Shumilov cov tub rog tsom mus rau Bratislava, KMG thiab 53rd Army ntawm Brno. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis, peb cov tub rog tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam. Kom kov yeej tus dej. Hron cov koog pontoon thiab cov chaw ferry. Cov neeg Slovak pab pab tub rog Soviet los ntawm kev muab kev txawj ntse thiab kev qhia.
Cov neeg Germans muaj txoj kab tiv thaiv zoo ntawm Hron River. Tus ntug dej sab hnub poob ntawm tus dej tau siab dua li sab hnub tuaj. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, tus dej nyab dav heev, uas ua rau nws nyuaj siv riam phom hnyav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Nazis tau muaj lub sijhawm los kaw peb cov tub rog ntawm ciam teb ntawm Hron, Zhitava, Nitra thiab Vag dej. Peb cov tub rog tau tawm tsam los ntawm 11 kev sib faib ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb raws li cov lus txib ntawm Otto Wöhler (txij li lub Plaub Hlis 30, Pab Pawg Pawg Austria los ntawm Lothar Rendulich). Cov tub rog ntawm General Kreising's 8th Army tau nyob rau ntawm Hron River. Los ntawm huab cua, chav nyob ntawm pab tub rog thib 8 tau txhawb nqa ib feem ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 4th Air Fleet. Cov pab pawg German Bratislava suav txog 200 txhiab tus neeg, 1800 rab phom loj thiab phom loj, 120 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom tua phom, 150 lub dav hlau.
Bratislava-Brnovo ua haujlwm tsis zoo
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 23, 1945, cov tub rog ntawm 25 Tus Saib Xyuas Rifle Corps ntawm sab laug ntawm Shumilov cov tub rog tau pib ua haujlwm pabcuam, cuam tshuam rau cov yeeb ncuab. Cov tub rog Soviet hla tus Dej Hron thiab pib tawm tsam nrog Danube mus rau Komarno. Danube Flotilla tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 28, lub flotilla tau tsaws tsaws tsaws (83rd Marine Brigade of Smirnov) nyob rau sab qab teb German hauv cheeb tsam Mocha. Peb cov tub rog tau ntes qhov chaw nres nkoj Komarno. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 30, Soviet cov tub rog tau coj Komarno, koom nrog cov tub rog saum nruab ntug.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Danube tau hla los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog thib 23 nyob rau ntawm qhov kev hais kom ua los ntawm Major General Grigorovich (tomqab lub cev raug xa mus rau 7th Guard Army of Shumilov). Grigorovich cov neeg hla mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm ntug dej Danube sab hnub poob ntawm Komarno, tau mus rau tom qab ntawm Nazis thiab, ua ke nrog 25 tus neeg sawv cev, tau nce los ntawm sab xub ntiag, tau pib txav mus rau Slovak peev nruab nrab ntawm Danube thiab Dej Danube me me. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm pab tub rog German.
Lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau tsoo ntawm sab xis ntawm Pab Pawg Tub Rog 7 (Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv 27th) thiab sab laug ntawm pab tub rog 53. Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 25, 1945, cov tub rog mus tom ntej hla Hron, rhuav tshem tus neeg saib xyuas German thiab nyob hauv 17-mais kev ncua ntawm txoj cai-bank dej nyab ntawm tus dej, mus txog rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov pontoon units teeb tsa kev hla. Thaum sawv ntxov, kev npaj phom loj hnyav pib. Lub dav hlau Soviet tsoo cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm, tua cov ntsiab lus, lub hauv paus chaw thiab cov chaw tshwj xeeb. Ua tsaug rau kev soj ntsuam zoo (suav nrog huab cua), kev tawm tsam ntawm rab phom loj thiab dav hlau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Hauv qab ntawm lub npog ntawm cov phom loj thiab cov kev tawm tsam huab cua, cov chav ua ntej thiab cov neeg tsav nkoj txuas ntxiv mus. Lub zog loj pib hla tus dej. Peb cov tub rog tau tuav lub hauv paus loj. Thawj hnub ntawm kev ua haujlwm, Soviet pab tub rog nyob nrog tus choj 20 km dav thiab mus txog 10 km tob. Cov kab hauv ntej ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Nazis tau tawg.
Cov koog pontoon teeb tsa kev hla kev ntxiv txhawm rau txhawm rau 1st KMG. Thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 26, Pliev pawg tau pib tawm tsam. Nws ua tiav qhov kev kov yeej ntawm tus yeeb ncuab qhov chaw tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam thiab maj mus rau qhov sib txawv. Txog Lub Peb Hlis 28, kev tawm tsam ua ntej pawg tau tsim qhov sib txawv mus txog 135 km dav thiab 40 km tob. Txog 200 qhov kev sib hais tau raug tso dim. Pliev cov tub rog tsis tau ncua kom ntes cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv kab lus, hla lawv, tsoo lub nraub qaum ntawm cov neeg German, tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob muaj kev foothold hauv kab tom qab. Lo lus "Cossacks" ua rau muaj kev ntshai ntawm Nazis. Kev ya dav hlau tau muab kev txhawb nqa zoo rau KMG, tawm tsam cov kab yeeb ncuab rov qab. KMG Plieva hla tus dej Zhitava. Cov neeg German, sim ua kom qee tus nres cov neeg Lavxias, tawg tag nrho cov choj hla Zhitava, tso tseg qee yam khoom siv thiab riam phom txhawm rau kom muaj sijhawm kom tau txais lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tig ntawm tus dej. Nitra. Ntawm no Nazis muaj cov ntsiab lus ruaj khov: lub nroog Nitra, Komjatitsa, Shurani thiab Nove-Zamky. Cov tub rog German tau sim nres qhov kev tawm tsam Lavxias, txawm tias tau tawm tsam.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Soviet txuas ntxiv lawv cov kev tawm tsam. Ib feem ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog 10 tau hla lub nroog Shurani, uas tau txiav txim siab ua ntej lub caij nplooj zeeg. Tsis tas li, peb cov tub rog cuam tshuam txoj kev taug mus rau Nové Zamky thiab coj lub nroog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 29. Yog li, Red Army qhib txoj kev luv tshaj plaws rau Bratislava. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Soviet pab tub rog coj Nitra. Pliev tus tiv thaiv txiav txoj hauv kev los ntawm lub nroog mus rau sab hnub poob. Cov Nazis raug thaiv. Soviet infantry tsoo los ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Los ntawm sab qaum teb, cov tub rog ntawm 53rd tau tawm mus rau Nitra. Cov neeg German tau rov qab mus rau saum roob, qhov uas lawv tau ua tiav sai sai los ntawm cov koom haum. Nitra poob rau lub Peb Hlis 31st.
Lub zog ntawm Bratislava
Muaj nyob hauv Nov-Zamki thiab Shurani, Cov Tub Rog Liab thaum Lub Peb Hlis 30, 1945 mus txog Vag River. Cov choj hla tus dej tau raug puas tsuaj. Tus dej ntws puv nkaus. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tuam tsev engineering teeb tsa kev hla hla, cov tub rog Soviet tswj hwm kev txav mus los siab. Txog hnub kawg, tus dej tau hla, thiab thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 1, lub nroog Trnava, Glohovec thiab Senec raug coj mus, uas twb tau npog lub peev ntawm Slovak nws tus kheej. Vim yog kev txav nrawm ntawm Lavxias, kev sib cais hauv German poob ntau cov cuab yeej thiab riam phom ntawm ciam teb ntawm r. Nitra thiab Vag. Qhov no ua rau lawv lub peev xwm sib ntaus tsis muaj zog.
Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 1, 1945, 25 Tus Saib Xyuas Corps ntawm Shumilov Army tau mus rau sab nrauv sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Bratislava. Ib feem ntawm 24 thiab 27th corps thiab Pliev pab pawg tau ua lawv txoj hauv kev mus rau Me Carpathians, nyob rau thaj tsam sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub nroog Slovakia. Lub nroog tau npaj zoo rau kev tiv thaiv: tiv thaiv lub qhov dej hauv qhov av thiab qhov av, tawg, thaiv kab thaiv thiab minefields. Ntau lub tsev tau npaj rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, nruab nrog cov haujlwm tua hauv lawv. Sab qaum teb ntawm lub nroog tau tiv thaiv los ntawm Me Carpathians, suav hais tias nkag tsis tau, los ntawm sab qab teb, cov dej thaiv loj - Me Danube thiab Danube. Yog li ntawd, Nazis nyob ntawm lawv lub zog tseem ceeb nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub nroog, hauv thaj tsam nruab nrab ntawm toj siab thiab tus dej. Cov txheej txheem sab nrauv ntawm txoj kab kev tiv thaiv muaj peb kab ntawm cov nqes hav nrog ntau txoj hauv kev tua hluav taws. Bratislava tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov seem ntawm cov tub rog German uas swb thiab ntau lub koomhaum pabcuam, nraub qaum, cov tub rog.
Txhawm rau kom lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Bratislava, tus thawj coj hauv ntej, Malinowski, txiav txim siab txeeb lub nroog los ntawm kev tawm tsam nws sab qaum teb sab hnub poob. Peb cov tub rog tau pib nkag mus rau qhov chaw muaj zog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv Lesser Carpathians, tsim kev hem kom hla tus yeeb ncuab tub rog los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb hnub poob. Tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog tiv thaiv 7, Shumilov, txiav txim siab koom nrog Danube Flotilla thiab 23rd Corps, uas tsis ntev los no tau suav nrog hauv pab tub rog, thaum cua daj cua dub ntawm Slovak peev. Lub nkoj ntawm flotilla tau ua 75-mais kev nrawm los ntawm Komarno mus rau Bratislava, nrog rau txoj kev phom sij thiab mined ncaj ncees. Cov neeg tsav nkoj tau koom nrog hauv kev tso lub nroog dim. Lub nroog raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev sib tsoo los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj.
Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 2, 1945, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tsoo hla sab nrauv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab lub zog tiv thaiv thiab tsoo mus rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub nroog Slovakia. Txhawm rau kom ntes lub nroog kom nrawm, pab pawg ua phem tau tsim. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tawv ncauj tau mus rau ob hnub. Cov cua daj cua dub Soviet tau nqa ib lub tsev los ntawm ib lub tsev, ib txoj kev ntawm ib txoj kev, thaiv ib sab. Txog 12 teev sawv ntxov Lub Plaub Hlis 4, Cov tub rog Soviet tau mus txog hauv plawv nroog. Txog hnub kawg, lub nroog poob. Cov seem ntawm cov tub rog German tau khiav mus rau Vienna. Hauv Moscow, lub foob pob hluav taws hnyav ua rau muaj suab npe nrov ntawm cov phab ej ntawm cua daj cua dub ntawm Bratislava. Cov Tub Rog Tub Ceev Xwm Tub Ceev Xwm Hnub Tim 23 thiab 25, 252 thiab 409th Rifle Corps, Lub Tsib Hlis 5 thiab 26th Cov Tub Rog Ruaj Ntseg Tiv Thaiv Lub Dav Hlau tau txais lub npe zoo "Bratislava".
Vim li ntawd, cov tub rog ntawm Malinovsky, nyob rau kaum hnub ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tsoo rau hauv txoj kab kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm pab tub rog German ntawm tus dej Hron, tsis tso cai rau cov yeeb ncuab kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg hauv cov kab tom qab ntawm tus dej. Nitra thiab Vah, tau tso lub peev ntawm Slovakia thiab ntau pua qhov chaw nyob. Txoj kev mus rau Vienna thiab Brno qhib los ntawm Bratislava.
