Yuav ua li cas Tukhachevsky rhuav tshem nws cov tub rog ntawm Vistula

Cov txheej txheem:

Yuav ua li cas Tukhachevsky rhuav tshem nws cov tub rog ntawm Vistula
Yuav ua li cas Tukhachevsky rhuav tshem nws cov tub rog ntawm Vistula

Video: Yuav ua li cas Tukhachevsky rhuav tshem nws cov tub rog ntawm Vistula

Video: Yuav ua li cas Tukhachevsky rhuav tshem nws cov tub rog ntawm Vistula
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Yuav ua li cas Tukhachevsky rhuav tshem nws cov tub rog ntawm Vistula
Yuav ua li cas Tukhachevsky rhuav tshem nws cov tub rog ntawm Vistula

Thaum cov tub rog Polish los ntawm lub sijhawm txiav txim siab sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Vistula tau loj hlob muaj zog thiab loj dua, Tukhachevsky cov tub rog tau qaug zog. Lawv raug kev txom nyem hnyav, nkees nkees sib ntaus tsis tu ncua, lub tsheb poob tom qab 200-400 km, uas cuam tshuam cov mos txwv thiab zaub mov. Kev sib faib tsis tau txais kev txhawb ntxiv. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov rog hloov pauv ntau hauv kev nyiam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Ib qho ntxiv, cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob tsis tuaj yeem tig mus rau sab hnub poob sab hnub poob.

Thiab nyob rau sab qab teb, muaj kev hem thawj tshwm sim los ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias ntawm Wrangel, uas tau hloov pauv cov rog thiab khaws cia los ntawm Polish pem hauv ntej. Vim yog kev hem thawj, Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob tsis tau txais cov ntawv tshiab los ntawm Wrangel cov tub rog. Thaum Lub Rau Hli-Lub Xya Hli lawv tau mus rau Crimean pem hauv ntej. Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb tau rub rov qab ntau dua 20 rab phom thiab cov tub rog sib cais. Thiab feem ntau muaj zog, xaiv, zoo li Blucher's 51st Infantry Division. Lawv qhov tsos ntawm Polish pem hauv ntej tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov xwm txheej ze Warsaw thiab Lvov.

Qhov kev txiav txim siab txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam ntawm Warsaw

Thaum Lub Yim Hli 5, 1920, tau muaj rooj sib tham ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Pej Xeem ntawm Pawg Sab Laj, uas tau tham txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub ntsej muag. Qhov kev txiav txim siab tau pom zoo los hloov lub 12th, 1st Cavalry thiab 14th pab tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob (SWF) raws li cov lus txib ntawm Tukhachevsky. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog hauv kev txiav txim siab sib ntaus kom rhuav tshem tus yeeb ncuab qhov kev tawm tsam thiab ua tiav kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau xa 1st Cavalry Army mus rau Ivangorod txoj haujlwm thiab txhawb rau sab qab teb ntawm Sab Hnub Poob (ZF) nrog pab tub rog thib 12 ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 6, raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pawg Neeg Soj Ntsuam Hauv Paus, Tus Thawj Coj Kamenev tau tshaj tawm cov lus txib rau Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob kom npaj rau kev hloov pauv, suav nrog 12th thiab 1st Cavalry Armies, rau ZF thiab 14th Army. Budenny cov tub rog tau thim rov qab rau qhov tshwj tseg, ntawm Lviv kev taw qhia nws yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm kev faib phom. Nyob rau tib hnub ntawd, tus thawj coj-tus thawj coj tau xaj cov lus txib ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob los hloov 1st Horse nrog cov tub rog nyob hauv thiab tshem nws mus rau qhov tshwj tseg rau so thiab npaj rau kev ua haujlwm tshiab. Tab sis tsis yog ib daim ntawv twg Kamenev tau txiav txim siab xaus rau Lvov kev ua haujlwm. Txog thaum Lub Yim Hli 10, Budyonny cov tub rog tau thim rov qab rau qhov tshwj tseg, thiab thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Yim Hli 13, ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev hais ua ntej, nws tau rov pib ua phem rau Lvov.

Lub Yim Hli 11 thiab 13, Tus Thawj Coj Kamenev tau xaj kom thim Budyonny cov tub rog los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab xa mus rau Zamoć. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej, qhov kev txiav txim siab no tau lig lig. Yegorov cov tub rog tau raug khi hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Lvov kev taw qhia, ntshav tawm ntawm cov ntshav thiab nkees ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntev thiab nyuaj. Qhov thib ob, vim yog kev ua yuam kev (tsis muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab qhov kev txiav txim) thiab kev ua phem ntawm kev hais kom ua ntawm 1st Cavalry Army, uas tsis tau maj ua kom tiav qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev hais kom ua, Budyonny cov tub rog tawm mus rau Lvov nkaus xwb thaum Lub Yim Hli 19, thaum txhua yam twb tau txiav txim siab ntawm Warsaw kev coj.

Lub caij no, ZF cov lus txib tau npaj rau kev txiav txim siab txiav txim siab rau Warsaw. Txawm hais tias qhov kev txiav txim siab raug yuav tsum tau ncua, nce lub hauv paus ntawm cov kab uas nyob, ua kom nruj nraub qaum, tos kom rov ua tiav thiab tuaj txog ntawm SWF kev tsim (suav nrog Cov Tub Rog Cavalry). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Tukhachevsky ua tus lej yuam kev, raug yuam kev txog qhov chaw ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb. Nrog rau kev coj noj coj ua zoo dua, ZF tuaj yeem zam kev puas tsuaj loj.

Feem ntau, cov tub rog ntawm ZF (4th, 15th, 3rd, 16th armies thiab Mozyr pab pawg) suav tsuas yog ntau dua 100 txhiab tus neeg sib ntaus, uas yog, lawv twb qis dua tus yeeb ncuab hauv tus lej. Ntawm Warsaw thiab Novogeorgievsky (Modlin) cov lus qhia, Tus Kws muaj txog 70 txhiab tus pas nrig thiab sabers, thiab plaub lub tub rog Soviet - txog 95 txhiab tus neeg. Ntawm Ivangorod (Demblin) cov lus qhia, qhov uas Polish hais kom npaj rau qhov kev tawm tsam loj, cov yeeb ncuab muaj 38 txhiab tus neeg, thiab Mozyr pab pawg muaj li ntawm 6 txhiab tus neeg sib ntaus. Thiab Tub Rog 16 ntawm Sollogub nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm pawg neeg tawm tsam tsis muaj zog txaus los tawm tsam qhov ua tau ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog ntawm ZF twb tau qaug zog los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua dhau los, hauv qee qhov kev sib cais tsuas muaj 500 tus neeg sib ntaus sib tua ib leeg, cov tub rog hauv cov lej tau dhau los ua cov tuam txhab. Cov tub rog nyob hauv chav tsuas yog txaus los npog cov phom thiab phom tshuab. Tsis muaj mos txwv txaus.

Thaum Lub Yim Hli 10, 1920, ZF cov lus txib tau xaj kom tawm tsam Warsaw. Tukhachevsky ntseeg tias cov yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb tau tawm mus sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Kab laum mus rau Warsaw. Qhov tseeb, Cov Tub Rog tau rov qab sab hnub poob sab hnub poob mus rau tus dej Vepsz. Yog li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab txeeb lub peev Polish nrog kev hla dhau los ntawm sab qaum teb. Cov tub rog thib 4, 15th, thib 3 thiab cov tub rog thib 3 tau mus ua ntej ncig Warsaw los ntawm sab qaum teb. Lub Yim Hli 10, Kamenev ceeb toom Tukhachevsky tias cov yeeb ncuab muaj lub zog tseem ceeb sab qab teb ntawm Kab, thiab tsis yog sab qaum teb. Thiab lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov chaw khoob. Txawm li cas los xij, tus thawj coj ntawm ZF tsis pom zoo nrog qhov kev txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej no. Kamenev muab Tukhachevsky txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev nqis tes ua. Pom tseeb, lub ntsiab lus yog Tukhachevsky yog Trotsky tus thawj coj thiab tus thawj coj-tus thawj coj tsis xav ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog tus thawj tswj hwm muaj zog ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Kev Tawm Tsam ntawm Tsoomfwv. Ib qho ntxiv, Soviet cov lus txib tseem nyob hauv qhov kev xav tias txhua yam tau zoo ntawm Polish pem hauv ntej thiab kev yeej yeej ze.

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Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Warsaw

Thaum Lub Yim Hli 11, 1920, Soviet pab tub rog mus txog Ciechanow - Pultusk - Siedlec - Lukow - Kock kab. Lub ZF lub hauv paus chaw tau cuam tshuam cov lus Polish txog kev npaj rov tawm tsam los ntawm thaj chaw Ivangorod. Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Yim Hli 13, Tukhachevsky qhia qhov no rau Kamenev. Nws thov kom hloov pauv ZF mus rau 1st Cavalry thiab pab tub rog thib 12. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ZF cov lus txib tsis tau ua ib qho kev ntsuas los tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam. Thaj, nws paub tseeb tias Cov Tub Rog yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua ib yam loj. Ntawd yog, ZF cov lus txib paub txog peb hnub no ua ntej kev tawm tsam Polish, tab sis tsis ua dab tsi! Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, thaum Lub Yim Hli 11 thiab 13, tus thawj coj-tus thawj coj tau xaj xaj rau SWF cov lus txib kom xa cov tub rog thib 12 thiab thib 1 mus rau ZF. Pawg tub rog thib 12 tau tsom mus rau Lublin, thiab pab tub rog ntawm Budyonny hauv Zamosc cheeb tsam - Tomashov. Tab sis cov lus qhia no tau cia siab kawg. Lawv yuav tsum raug xa mus thiab tua thaum pib lub Yim Hli lossis txawm tias thaum lub Xya Hli kawg. Yog li qhov ua yuam kev ntawm kev hais kom ua siab thiab kev hais kom ua ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau txiav txim siab qhov kev swb hnyav ntawm Red Army ntawm Vistula.

Lub sijhawm no, kev tawm tsam hnyav tau tshwm sim hauv Warsaw kev coj. Cov tub rog Liab tau los ze ze Warsaw, yog cov tub rog tawv ncauj ntau zog. Cov tub rog Polish, siv cov kab dej, tuav rov qab rau Soviet pab tub rog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov chav uas tau swb yav dhau los tau muab tso rau hauv, rov ua dua, yog li lawv yuav sai sai tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 13, kev sib faib phom hnub tim 21 thiab 27 ntawm pab tub rog thib 3 thiab 16 tau tuav cov yeeb ncuab muaj zog tiv thaiv - lub nroog Radzimin, 23 km ntawm lub nroog Polish. Hauv kev txuas nrog kev hem thawj ntawm tus yeeb ncuab rau Warsaw, tus thawj coj ntawm Polish Sab Pem Hauv Ntej, General Haller, tau hais kom ua kom nrawm ntawm kev ua tub rog thib 5 sab qaum teb ntawm lub nroog thiab pab pawg tawm tsam sab qab teb ntawm nws. Tau pauv ob qhov kev sib cais tshiab los ntawm qhov tshwj tseg, cov tub rog Polish tau tawm tsam kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm 14 Lub Yim Hli nrog lub hom phiaj rov qab los Radzimin. Cov tub rog Soviet xub tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam thiab txawm tias maj mam txav mus rau tom qhov chaw. Hauv cov kev sib ntaus sib tua no, Soviet cov tub rog tau ntsib qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov mos txwv, tshwj xeeb yog cov mos txwv. Tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg 27th Putna txawm hais tias tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog lawv tus kheej thim rov qab mus rau Kab laum kom txog thaum lawv swb. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov kev pom zoo no tau raug tsis lees paub. Cov tub rog thib 3 ntawm Lazarevich, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm sab laug ntawm pawg tub rog 15 ntawm Cork, nqa ob lub forts ntawm Modlin fortress nyob rau tib hnub.

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Polish counteroffensive

Thaum Lub Yim Hli 14, Pawg Tub Rog thib 5 ntawm General Sikorski tau tsoo ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm 4th thiab 15th Soviet pab tub rog. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 15, Cov tub rog Polish tsoo rau hauv lub nroog Ciechanów, qhov chaw uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm pab tub rog Soviet zaum 4. Lub hauv paus tub rog tau khiav tawm, tsis muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov lus hais ua ntej, uas ua rau tsis muaj kev tswj hwm tsis yog ntawm pab tub rog nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog tag nrho sab qaum teb ntawm ZF. Tukhachevsky tau xaj cov tub rog ntawm 4th thiab 15th pab tub rog txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab rog sib koom ua ke ntawm lawv, tab sis kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam kev tawm tsam tsis ua rau muaj kev vam meej. Tib lub sijhawm, pom tseeb tseem tsis tau paub txog qhov kev hem thawj rau Tukhachevsky cov tub rog, Trotsky xaj kom ZF txiav Danzig txoj hauv kev kom cov tub rog tsis tuaj yeem tau txais Entente cov khoom siv tub rog.

Hauv nruab nrab, Soviet pab tub rog tau sib ntaus sib tua hnyav thaum Lub Yim Hli 14-15 hauv cheeb tsam Radzimin. Cov tub rog tau rov qab tau lub nroog. Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog thib 8 ntawm Tub Rog 16 tau hla mus rau Vistula ntawm Gura Kalwaria. Tab sis qhov kev vam meej no twb dhau ntawm qhov tawg lawm. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 15, ZF hais kom cov tub rog 16 leej txav mus rau pem hauv ntej sab qab teb, tabsis qhov kev xaj no twb lig lawm. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 16, Cov tub rog Polish tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm sab Ciechanów-Lublin pem hauv ntej. Los ntawm ciam teb ntawm tus dej Vepsh tawm tsam 50 txhiab. pawg Pilsudski tawm tsam. Cov tub rog tau yooj yim tshem tawm pem hauv ntej ntawm pab pawg Mozyr uas tsis muaj zog thiab txav mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, suav nrog Warsaw pab pawg ntawm Red Army. Thaum tau txais xov xwm ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tawm tsam rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Mozyr pab pawg, nws lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm thiab cov lus txib ntawm Tub Rog 16 tau pib txiav txim siab tias nws tsuas yog kev tawm tsam ntiag tug. Cov tub rog tau pib lub taub hau thiab nrawm mus rau Brest-Litovsk thiab Belsk txhawm rau txiav tawm thiab nias lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm ZF mus rau ciam teb German.

Nkag siab tias qhov no yog kev hem thawj tiag tiag, Soviet cov lus txib sim npaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm Lipovets thiab Western Kab Kab. Tab sis xws li kev sib sau ua ke xav tau sijhawm thiab koom haum zoo, thiab tsis muaj kev khaws cia kom muaj yeeb ncuab. Ib qho ntxiv, lub tsheb thiab tsheb ciav hlau tau tawg, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem thauj cov tub rog sai. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Cov Tub Ceev Xwm tau cuam tshuam thiab nyeem cov xov tooj cua ntawm Soviet cov lus txib, uas pab txhawb kev ua tiav ntawm pab tub rog Polish. Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Yim Hli 19, Cov tub rog Polish tau tshem tawm qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm Mozyr pawg los ntawm Brest-Litovsk. Kev sim ua kom rov ua rog pab tub rog ntawm Tub Rog Tub Rog Xeem Xeem 16th ua tsis tiav, txij li cov yeeb ncuab mus txog ib txoj kab tiv thaiv ua ntej cov tub rog Soviet. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, Tus Kav Xwm tau mus txog kab Brest -Litovsk - Narev thiab Western Kab Kab dej, ua rau lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm Tukhachevsky los ntawm sab qab teb.

Raws li cov xwm txheej no, cov lus txib ntawm ZF twb tau pib thaum Lub Yim Hli 17 kom xaj kev sib sau ntawm pab tub rog mus rau sab hnub tuaj, qhov tseeb nws twb tau rov qab los lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev kub ntxhov nyob tom qab thiab ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, nws tsis tuaj yeem thim tag nrho cov zog los ntawm kev tshuab. Kev tshem cov tub rog tau nrog los ntawm qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo tas mus li. Yog li, thaum Lub Yim Hli 22, cov tub rog ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 15 tau nyob hauv Lomza, tabsis cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam yuam kom lawv txav deb sab qaum teb mus rau Grajevo thiab Avgustov. Qhov phem tshaj yog kev faib tub rog thib 4 nyob rau sab qaum teb, uas nce mus deb tshaj plaws rau sab hnub poob. Hnub tim 22, Pawg Tub Rog thib 4 tseem nyob hauv thaj chaw Mlawa thiab raug yuam kom hla mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm pab tub rog 18 tus tub rog thib 5 ntawm pab tub rog Polish. Tib hnub ntawd, cov tub rog Polish nyob hauv Ostrolenka thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 23 - Bialystok. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 25, Kev sib cais ntawm Polish thaum kawg tau thaiv cov tub rog thib 4 thiab ntu ntawm pab tub rog 15th los ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Cov tub rog ntawm 4th Army thiab 2 kev sib faib ntawm 5th Army (4th thiab 33rd) hla mus rau hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, qhov uas lawv tau ua haujlwm. Ib feem ntawm 3 Cavalry Corps thaum Lub Yim Hli 26 tseem tau sim hla mus rau sab hnub tuaj, tab sis, tom qab siv lawv cov mos txwv, lawv kuj hla ciam teb German.

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Txoj kev

Nws yog kev puas tsuaj. Sab Hnub Poob poob yuav luag tag nrho nws lub zog tseem ceeb: 15-25 txhiab tua, ploj thiab raug mob, txog 60 txhiab tus neeg raug kaw thiab 30-35 txhiab tus neeg cuam tshuam. Thaum tawm ntawm ib puag ncig, Tukhachevsky cov tub rog tau raug kev puas tsuaj ntau dua thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam sab hnub poob. Kev poob nyiaj hauv tebchaws Poland muaj txog li 36 txhiab tus neeg raug tua, raug mob thiab ploj lawm. Cov Tub Rog Liab tau poob tag nrho nws txoj haujlwm hauv tebchaws Poland thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 25 thim rov qab mus rau Lipsk - Svisloch - sab hnub tuaj ntawm kab Brest. Cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm tau dhau mus rau pab tub rog Polish.

Kev sib tham ntawm Soviet-Polish, uas tau pib thaum Lub Yim Hli 17 hauv Minsk, tsis ua rau muaj kev vam meej. Moscow tau hais kom ciam teb raws txoj kab "Curzon Line", nrog qee qhov kev pom zoo hauv tebchaws Poland hauv thaj tsam Bialystok thiab Holm. Tsis tas li ntawd, Warsaw tau thov kom txo cov tub rog mus rau 50 txhiab tus neeg, txo kev tsim tub rog, xa riam phom ntau ntxiv mus rau Red Army thiab tsim cov neeg ua haujlwm pab tub rog. Poland tau txwv tsis pub txais kev pab tub rog los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Tom qab qhov kev kov yeej ntawm Warsaw thiab kev ua tsis tau zoo ntawm Red Army hauv cheeb tsam Lvov, Poland tsis xav kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Cov lus txib Polish tau npaj rau qhov kev tawm tsam tshiab, npaj yuav thawb ciam teb mus rau sab hnub tuaj.

Cov tebchaws Entente tau pom zoo tias Poland tus ciam teb sab hnub tuaj yuav tsum khiav raws txoj kab "Curzon Line". Tsis tas li ntawd, Sab Hnub Poob ceeb toom rau Warsaw tias Vilna yuav tsum mus rau Lithuania. Txawm li cas los xij, Tebchaws Poland, thaum ntsib kev ua phem rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, tsis tau maj. Tom qab kev sib tsoo ntawm cov phiaj xwm los tsim "Warsaw liab", Moscow txiav txim siab los tsom nws cov kev siv zog rau yeej Wrangel.

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