Kev sib ntaus sib tua txiav txim siab tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab qaum teb Tavria ib puas xyoo dhau los. Cov tub rog liab tau kov yeej Wrangel cov tub rog Lavxias. Nrog rau qhov nyuaj, Cov Tiv Thaiv Dawb tau hla mus rau Crimea, poob ntau txog 50% ntawm lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Ib puag ncig dav dav
Tom qab kev swb hnyav hauv Zadneprovskoy kev ua haujlwm, Dawb tau hla mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv. Lub caij no, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj nuj nqis tau nce nws cov rog hauv Crimean cov lus qhia. Ua ntej, Frunze tau pom zoo nrog Makhno. Makhnovists rov ua haujlwm nrog Bolsheviks tawm tsam Cov Neeg Dawb. Makhno thiab nws cov thawj coj mus ncig 11-12 txhiab tus tub rog. Ntawm kev hu xov tooj ntawm Makhno, cov neeg atamans uas koom nrog nws nrog lawv cov neeg sib cais thiab ib feem ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau npaj los ntawm Dawb tau khiav tawm ntawm Wrangel cov tub rog. Qhov xwm txheej nyob rau tom qab ntawm Pab Tub Rog Dawb tau cuam tshuam loj heev, ntau tus neeg tawm tsam thiab koom nrog hauv Crimea thiab Tavria tau txiav txim siab lawv tus kheej los txhawb Makhno kab.
Qhov thib ob, Poland ua kev thaj yeeb nrog Soviet Russia. Moscow yuav tsum tau muab Warsaw cov cheeb tsam uas nyob rau sab Hnub Poob hauv Belarus thiab Western Ukraine, uas yog qhov kev txiav txim siab yuam kev ntawm kev ua tub rog-kev coj noj coj ua los ntawm Trotsky (kev npau suav ntawm Warsaw liab thiab Berlin) thiab qhov ua yuam kev ntawm qhov siab hais kom ua thiab hais kom ua ntawm Sab Hnub Poob coj los ntawm Tukhachevsky. Blitzkrieg nyob rau sab hnub poob tau ua tsis tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau muaj zog hauv cov lej (5 lab tus neeg sib ntaus ntawm txhua lub ntsej muag thiab cov lus qhia) thiab nce ntxiv hauv qhov ua tau zoo, thiab Cov Tub Rog tau nkag siab qhov no. Lawv tau hnov nws hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav rau Lvov, Warsaw, Grodno thiab Kobrin. Cov thawj coj hauv tebchaws Polish tau maj nroos los ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb kom txog thaum Reds rov zoo los ntawm lawv txoj kev ua tsis tiav, swb cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb thiab ncaws tawm ntawm Poland nrog tag nrho lawv lub zog. Qhov thib ob Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth tau qaug zog los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab tau maj nrawm kom muaj yeej los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Kev thaj yeeb tau xaus, cov tub rog los ntawm Polish pem hauv ntej pib raug xa mus rau Sab Qab Teb.
Qhov thib peb, Soviet cov lus txib tau ua kom muaj zog sib sau ua ke ntawm cov rog thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1920. 80-90 txhiab tus neeg tau pauv mus rau Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob. Los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob (Polish) Pem Hauv Ntej, kev tswj hwm ntawm Lazarevich's 4th Army, Budyonny's 1st Cavalry Army tau hloov pauv, los ntawm Siberia - cov tub rog uas muaj zog thib 30 (3 phom loj - txhua tus muaj peb tus tub rog, ib pab tub rog). Ib qho tshiab thib 3 Kashirin Cavalry Corps (5th thiab 9th Cavalry Division) tau tsim. Tus naj npawb ntawm Frunze cov tub rog tau nce mus rau 140 txhiab tus neeg (muaj 100 txhiab tus tib neeg ncaj qha rau ntawm kab hauv ntej) nrog 500 rab phom, 2, 6 txhiab rab phom tshuab, 17 lub tsheb hlau phom, 31 lub tsheb tiv thaiv, txog 30 lub dav hlau. Raws li lwm cov ntaub ntawv, tus naj npawb ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob ua ntej qhov kev tawm tsam suav nrog 180-190 txhiab rab phom thiab sabers, kwv yees li 1 txhiab phom, 45 lub dav hlau thiab 57 lub tsheb tiv thaiv.
Tawm tsam Red Wrangelites (Pawg thib 1 thiab thib 2, pab pawg poob siab) tuaj yeem xa tawm txog 56 txhiab rab phom thiab sabers (ncaj qha rau ntawm kab pem hauv ntej - 37 txhiab tus neeg tua rog), tshaj 200 rab phom thiab 1, 6 txhiab rab phom tshuab, 14 lub tsheb ciav hlau, 25 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab 20 lub tsheb tiv thaiv, 42 lub dav hlau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb tau tso ntshav tawm thiab ua rau tsis zoo los ntawm qhov ua tiav tsuas yog swb ntawm Dnieper. Lawv tsis muaj lub sijhawm los ua kom tiav cov qib. Cov txiv neej Red Army, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tau tshoov siab los ntawm kev yeej. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias pab tub rog thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1920 tau hloov pauv rau qhov tsis zoo. Cadre cov tub ceev xwm hauv ntej, tuaj pab dawb thiab Cossacks tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev sib ntaus tsis tu ncua. Nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw tuaj yav dhau los cov neeg tawm tsam - "ntsuab", cov neeg raug kaw ntawm Red Army, tau npaj cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo ntawm cov tub rog tau poob qis, ntau tus tub rog ntawm thawj lub sijhawm tau sim tso tseg thiab hla mus rau ib sab ntawm Red Army.
Cov phiaj xwm
Txawm hais tias qhov kev swb hnyav thiab kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov tub rog, cov lej loj tshaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab (3-5 zaug), kev faib cov tub rog nyob rau ntau qhov kev qhia, cov lus txib dawb tso tseg lub tswv yim ntawm kev tawm mus rau Crimea. Txawm hais tias tus thawj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, General Shatilov, tau hais kom thim cov tub rog mus rau thaj av, ntshai tsam ib puag ncig thiab tuag ntawm pab tub rog. Nws tau txiav txim siab los ua rog hauv Northern Tavria. Wrangel kwv yees lub zog thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm Red Army, ntseeg tias nws pab tub rog, zoo li ua ntej, yuav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog tus yeeb ncuab lub tshuab. Kev tshem tawm los ntawm Tavria mus rau Crimea tsis pub Dawb ntawm cov peev txheej tseem ceeb thiab chav rau kev tswj hwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus thawj coj-tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias tau tawm mus los ntawm kev nom kev tswv. Kev tshem tawm cov tub rog dawb mus rau Crimea tuaj yeem ua rau Fabkis tsis kam muab kev pab rau cov neeg dawb. Thiab nws tau xaus qhov kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm Chav Saib Xyuas Dawb los ntawm Poland hla tebchaws Ukraine. Qhov yuam kev no hauv kev suav suav nrawm ua rau yeej ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Dawb.
Qhov ob-lub lim tiam tso cai rau Dawb txhawm rau ntxiv cov khoom ntawm cov khoom seem. Tab sis kev rov ua kom rov zoo li qub, "nyoos". Lwm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tub rog kuj tau ua tiav. 1st thiab 2nd corps nkag mus rau 1st pab tub rog ntawm Kutepov, nws tuav kev tiv thaiv ntawm Dnieper thiab nyob rau sab qaum teb. 2nd Army - 3rd Army thiab Don Corps, npog sab hnub tuaj. General Abramov tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog thib 2 tsis yog Dratsenko. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog Barbovich's Cavalry Corps thiab pab pawg General Kantserov (yav tas los Babiev pab pawg). Ntseeg tias Reds yuav tsoo lub tshuab tseem ceeb los ntawm thaj chaw Nikopol, thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 20, Wrangel pib thim cov tub rog thib ob mus rau sab hnub poob sab hnub poob, mus rau Chongar.
Frunze tsis maj nrawm nrog kev ua haujlwm, nws tau npaj nws ua tib zoo. Cov lus txib ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob tsim txoj kev tawm tsam raws li thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Cov tub rog tau dhau los ua cov lus qhia txhawm rau txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov tub rog dawb nyob rau sab qaum teb Tavria thiab tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob tawm mus rau Crimea. Lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau xa los ntawm pab pawg Western: 6th Army of Kork thiab 1st Cavalry Army of Budyonny. Cov pab pawg sab hnub poob yuav tsum tawm tsam los ntawm thaj av Kakhovka raws li kev coj noj coj ua thiab Sivash, coj Perekop thiab Chongar, txiav cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm Crimean ceg av qab teb. Cov pab pawg sab qaum teb, Lazarevich's 4th Army thiab Mironov's 2nd Cavalry Army, tsoo los ntawm thaj tsam Nikopol mus rau Chongar txhawm rau tsoo, rhuav tshem thiab puag ncig cov tub rog tseem ceeb yeeb ncuab (Kornilovskaya, Markovskaya thiab Drozdovskaya kev sib cais, tub rog tub rog). Tom qab ntawd Pab Pawg Sab Qaum Teb tau hla mus rau Crimea los ntawm Chongar Isthmus. Cov pab pawg sab hnub tuaj, Pawg Tub Rog 13 ntawm Uborevich, los ntawm thaj av Orekhov-Chernigovka, tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm Tokmak thiab Melitopol txhawm rau khi cov yeeb ncuab rog thiab tiv thaiv nws tawm ntawm thaj av.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua loj
Dawb pib sib ntaus sib tua. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 20, 1920, lawv tau sim tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Pavlodar. Txawm li cas los xij, Wrangelites tau poob qis hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Makhnovists thiab 42nd Infantry Division ntawm 13th Army. Nyob rau hnub tim 23, Makhnovists thiab cov tub rog thib 4, tau thim rov qab rau Pab Pawg Sab Qaum Teb ntawm Wrangel cov tub rog, nkag mus hauv Aleksandrovsk. Nyob rau hnub tim 24 lub Makhnovists tau khiav nrawm tom qab ntawm Cov Dawb mus rau Melitopol. Thaum tawg dhau mus rau B. Tokmak, Makhno tig mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj thiab tsiv mus rau Gulyai-Pole. Qhov no tau ua txhaum qhov kev txiav txim. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tawv ncauj nthuav tawm rau Gulyai-Pole, uas ua rau Makhno pab pawg.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 26, Mironov cov tub rog hla Dnieper ze Nikopol, thim rov qab rau Kornilovites thiab tuav ob lub taub hau. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 28, qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Red Army pib. Kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv qhov hnyav heev (tsis txawv rau cov chaw no) thiab cua daj cua dub, uas zais kev txav ntawm pab tub rog. Cov Tub Rog Dawb tsis tau npaj rau qhov "tsis tau xav txog" pib lub caij ntuj no. Tsis muaj khaub ncaws hnav lub caij ntuj no. Cov tub rog, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob khov, tso lawv txoj haujlwm thiab mus rau hauv cov zos. Pua pua ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws tau raug cua daj cua dub, kev coj tus cwj pwm poob qis dua.
Pab pawg Sab Hnub Poob ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob tau ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Ob pawg poob siab tawm tsam los ntawm Kakhovsky lub taub hau: 15 thiab 51st phom sib faib tau mus rau sab qab teb mus rau Perekop; 1st Cavalry thiab Latvian Division tau tsom mus rau sab qab teb kom txuas nrog rau 2nd Cavalry. Cov tub rog thib 6, uas tau tawm tsam los ntawm Kakhovsky lub taub hau, tsoo rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Vitkovsky tus thib ob corps thiab txav mus rau Perekop, tsav cov yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws. Kev kov yeej tam sim ntawd nkag mus rau hauv pab tub rog ntawm Budyonny. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 29, Reds coj Perekop. Lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg dawb nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia no thim rov qab mus rau ceg av qab teb. Cov Reds tau mus rau tom qab ntawm Kutepov's 1st Army. Txawm li cas los xij, Red Army tsis tuaj yeem tsoo rau hauv Crimea ntawm kev txav mus los. Lub 51st faib ntawm Blucher, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm rab phom loj, tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tsheb tiv thaiv, tsoo lub Perekop tiv thaiv, hauv qhov chaw tawg mus rau hauv phab ntsa Turkish, tab sis raug pov rov qab los ntawm kev tawm tsam yeeb ncuab. Cov Reds hauv cheeb tsam no tau mus tiv thaiv.
Cov tub rog Budyonny, tawm hauv qab cov tub rog Latvian, nkag mus rau tom qab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thiab tab tom npaj mus koom nrog Mironov cov tub rog. Cov lus hais ua ntej, ntseeg tias 2nd Cavalry Army tau ua tiav kev vam meej thiab tsis xav tau kev pab, xaj 1st Cavalry mus rau sab qab teb. Budyonny tau faib cov tub rog raws li txoj cai: pawg tub rog thib 6 thiab 11, raws li txoj kev npaj qub, mus rau sab qaum teb, thiab pab tub rog lub hauv paus nrog rau pawg thib plaub thiab thib 14, cov tub rog tshwj tseg tau mus rau sab qab teb. Qhov no yog qhov ua yuam kev loj, nws tsis tuaj yeem faib cov rog ntawm Cavalry. Budennovists tau mus rau thaj tsam Agayman thiab ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Sivash, tsoo hla mus rau Chongar kom txiav tawm Wrangelites los ntawm ceg av qab teb. Lawv cuam tshuam txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau mus rau Crimea. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Pab Tub Rog Dawb tau poob rau hauv "cauldron". Wrangel lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm hauv Dzhankoy raug txiav tawm ntawm lub hauv ntej. Lub hauv paus chaw tswj hwm xaj Kutepov kom sib koom ua ke ntawm pab tub rog thib 1 thiab thib ob thiab hla mus rau ntawm ceg av qab teb.
Tib hnub ntawd, pab pawg Crimean ntawm Makhno (5 txhiab sabers thiab bayonets, 30 phom thiab 350 phom tshuab) tsoo rau Melitopol. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tawm tsam ntawm Sab Qaum Teb thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob tau raug nres los ntawm kev tawm tsam yeeb ncuab hnyav. Cov tub rog thib 4 thiab 13 tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav txoj haujlwm uas tau hais tseg, tsis suav nrog tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv. Cov Reds nias tus yeeb ncuab, Abramov's 2nd Army maj mam thim rov qab, clung rau txhua kab, snarled heev. 2nd Cavalry Army tsis muaj peev xwm nce mus dhau B. Belozerka, ua rau muaj kev sib cav hauv kev sib ntaus nrog peb qhov kev sib cais Cossack.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 30, Budennovites tau nkag mus rau Crimea los ntawm Chongar. Cov lus txib dawb tau sau tag nrho cov tub rog muaj nyob rau ntawm ceg av qab teb (tub rog, Fostikov pawg tub rog, tsev kawm ntawv rab phom loj, tus thawj coj ntawm pawg neeg thauj khoom) thiab cuam lawv mus rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm isthmus. Kev qeeb ua ntej ntawm cov yeeb ncuab sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj tau tso cai rau cov neeg dawb rov ua lawv cov tub rog, npog lawv tus kheej nrog cov tiv thaiv tom qab thiab maj tag nrho pab tub rog txhawm rau hla mus rau Crimea. Ib pawg neeg tawm tsam tau mob siab rau thaj tsam Agayman: Drozdovskaya, Markovskaya thiab Kornilovskaya cov tub rog tawg rog, tub rog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Don Corps nrog kev tawm tsam muaj zog tiv thaiv 2nd Cavalry Army. Lub Donets yeej qhov thib 2 Cavalry Division. Nrog lub tshuab los ntawm sab qaum teb, Pab Tub Rog Dawb tau ua nws txoj hauv kev mus rau Crimea. Cov tub rog dawb tuaj yeem tuav Budyonny kev sib cais. Ua ntej, Barbovich cov tub rog tau cuam tshuam Morozov tus tub rog thib 11 rov qab, tom qab ntawd tsoo Gorodovikov thib 6. Hauv kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj uas tau siv sijhawm ntau teev, ob ntawm Budyonny kev sib cais tau swb.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 31, Frunze hais kom Budyonny sau lub zog rau hauv nrig thiab sawv kom tuag. Mironov tau xaj kom hla mus rau Salkovo, rau kev pab ntawm 1st Army. Txawm li cas los xij, Budyonny tsis tuaj yeem ua daim ntawv xaj no ntxiv lawm. Kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntu tau ploj. Lawv sib ntaus sib tua. Kev sib faib thib 6 thiab 11th, swb rau hnub ua ntej, tau txais kev txhawb zog los ntawm Latvians thiab tau tuav hauv thaj tsam Agayman. Xaiv cov pawg ntawm 1st Army Corps tuaj tawm ntawm no thiab rov tua yeej cov tub rog liab. Pawg 11 tau poob nws cov neeg ua haujlwm tag nrho. Tau npog nws tus kheej los ntawm kev tawm tsam Latvians nrog Kornilov faib, Kutepov tau coj cov tub rog tas mus rau Otrada thiab Rozhdestvenskoe. Hauv Otrada, Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb tau kov yeej cov tub rog tub rog tshwj tseg thiab lub hauv paus ntawm 1st Cavalry. Voroshilov nyuam qhuav tau txais kev cawmdim. Budyonny tau thov kom Timoshenko's thib plaub pab tub rog raug xa mus rau nws pab, tab sis nws tau raug khi ua rog nrog Don thiab ib feem ntawm pab tub rog thib 3. Thiab 14th Cavalry Division of Parkhomenko hauv Rozhdestvensky tau swb los ntawm Barbovich lub cev. 1st Cavalry Army tau thim rov qab los ntawm Chongar, thaiv ntawm Salkov thiab Genichesk, nias rau Sivash. Cov tub rog Budyonny tsis xav tias yuav muaj zog los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab zoo li swb, tau swb rau hauv ib feem thiab nws tus kheej tau nyob hauv kev hem thawj ntawm kev swb.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 30-31, 1920, cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias tau ua lawv txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev muab cov tub rog ntawm 1st Cavalry Army. Barbovich cov tub rog tub rog thiab Kutepov cov tub rog tua yeej yeej txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum 6, 11 thiab 14, Budyonny lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm poob kev sib cuag nrog cov tub rog. Lub Kaum Hli 31 - Kaum Ib Hlis 1-2, feem ntau ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Dawb, tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm ib pawg ntawm Reds, tawm Tavria rau Crimea. Tsuas yog thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 3, qhov sib txawv hauv Chongar tau raug kaw los ntawm cov chav ntawm 4th, 1st Cavalry thiab 2nd Cavalry armies. Nyob rau tib hnub ntawd, Reds tau tsoo cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv Sivash thiab nyob hauv Chongar. Cov Dawb tau tawg tag nrho cov choj mus rau Crimea. Nws tsis tuaj yeem nyob ib puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem Wrangel cov tub rog. Tab sis Cov Tub Rog Dawb tau poob sab qaum teb Tavria, nws lub hauv paus thiab tus choj, thiab raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Nws qhov kev poob ntau txog 50% ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm raug tua, raug mob, ua daus no thiab raug ntes. Cov khoom poob kuj tseem zoo.
Frunze sau tseg:
"Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov kev tawm ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb mus rau Crimea. Cov Wrangelites, txiav tawm ntawm isthmuses, tseem tsis tau poob lawv lub siab, thiab tsawg kawg nrog kev txi ntau heev, lawv tau ua lawv txoj hauv kev mus rau ceg av qab teb."
