Muaj tseeb rau Thälmann Qhov Ua rau
Kev tshem tawm ntawm GDR, ua los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm USSR, FRG thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas nyob rau hauv qhov kev npog zoo ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes nees nkaum xyoo dhau los, tsis tau ua rau nws tus kheej kua muag ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam nyob ntawd. Niaj hnub no, ob peb tus neeg yuav nco ntsoov tias Sab Hnub Poob German Communist Party ntawm qee theem ntawm nws lub neej, tej zaum, muaj txoj cai thiab muaj hwj chim ntau dua li East German ceg ntawm CPSU.
Cov kws tshuaj ntsuam Soviet feem ntau mob siab rau ntsiag to txog qhov tseeb no. Tsis muaj GDR, tsis muaj nws pawg Communist (SED), yog li tsis muaj dab tsi tham txog. Cov koom pheej ntawm West Germany, uas tau txiav txim siab lawv tus kheej qhov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm rooj plaub ntawm Ernst Thälmann thiab Otto Grotewohl, tau ntsiag to los ntawm Soviet xov xwm txij li xyoo 1988.
Cov pro-Soviet GKP, German Communist Party ua haujlwm hauv FRG, tau txais thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1989 txoj kev xaj ncaj qha los ntawm Kremlin txhawm rau thuam GDR thiab tshwj xeeb yog nws cov thawj coj. Cov tswvcuab hauv pawg tau poob siab heev uas lawv lees txais qhov kev tawg ua qhov tseeb, qhov tseeb, kev sib cais ntawm tus kheej thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1990.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lwm lub koomhaum German Communist, Marxist-Leninist KKE / ML, uas muaj nyob hauv FRG txij li Lub Peb Hlis 1968, tswj kom muaj txoj sia nyob, txawm tias muaj kev nyuaj siab los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov peev txheej tshaj tawm. Nws ua haujlwm txog niaj hnub no thiab tseem tau nthuav nws qib nrog ntau txhiab tus "neeg tawg rog" los ntawm SED thiab GKP.
Cov neeg no tau tsim nrog kev pab ntawm Beijing thiab Tirana, tab sis nrog kev ua tiav ntawm Moscow. Nws tau tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm 1967 raws li kev ntseeg ntawm pawg ntseeg uas raug rau kev ua phem hnyav, thaum nws yog nws uas raug liam tias "ua txhaum ntawm Soviet kev kho dua tshiab thiab Kremlin qhov sib piv hauv GDR."
Nws yog qhov txawv txav, tab sis tam sim no tog no tau sim nrog tag nrho nws lub peev xwm los khaws nws cov keeb kwm. Thaum nws thawj lub rooj sib tham thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1968 hauv Dortmund, sijhawm ua ke nrog lub hnub nyoog 15 xyoos ntawm Stalin txoj kev tuag, KKE / ML tshaj tawm tag nrho-German thaj tsam ntawm nws cov haujlwm. Nrog rau suav nrog hauv nws thiab GDR nrog West Berlin. Thiab tseem hais txog kev ncaj ncees ntawm txoj kab uas Ernst Thälmann ib zaug kos rau nws.
KKE / ML hnub no rau txim rau lub luag haujlwm menyuam roj hmab ntawm pro-Kremlin Communist Party ntawm FRG hauv kev pab ua kom puas GDR. Qhov kev pom zoo ntawm USSR thiab ntau lub tebchaws ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog German kev ntxeev siab tseem raug thuam, uas, rov nco qab, tau xav txog hauv cov lus cog tseg tsis zoo ntawm cov tebchaws ntawd nrog FRG thaum ntxov 70s (saib "Helsinki Act of 1975. Albanian") tsis suav ").
Cov kab tawg lawm Moscow - Berlin
Qhov kawg ntawm 1988, thiab tom qab ntawd thaum lub Cuaj Hli 1989, KKE / ML tau hais tias SED kev coj noj coj ua koom ua ib tog kom muaj kev tawm tsam "Gorbachev kev ntxeev siab" ntau dua thiab tiv thaiv GDR. Tab sis nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Berlin, feem ntau yuav, ua raws li cov lus qhia los ntawm Moscow, lawv tsis txaus siab ua cov kauj ruam no.
Cov tswv yim sib koom tes hauv caj npab tseem tsis tau pom zoo los tuav lub rooj sib tham ntawm ob tog hauv GDR, uas tseem tau thov los ntawm cov neeg sib tham ntawm West Germany, uas tsis zais lawv qhov kev qhuas rau Stalin thiab Mao. Thaj, qhov tsis zoo Erich Honecker thiab lwm tus zoo li nws tsis tau xav tias Moscow yuav ntxeev siab rau GDR. Thiab nyob rau hauv vain.
Kev coj noj coj ua hauv tebchaws Soviet, ib txwm muaj, ua ntej uas tau npau taws los ntawm qhov muaj cov neeg zoo li no hauv FRG. Twb yog xyoo 1972-1973. Moscow thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj Berlin tsim cov pab pawg Soviet-pab pawg hauv KKE / ML, uas faib pawg neeg no.
Hauv nruab nrab-1970s, Stasi ua tiav hauv kev txheeb xyuas thiab ntes ntau dua 150 tus neeg sawv cev tsis raug cai ntawm KKE / ML hauv GDR, uas tau tshaj tawm cov lus tshaj tawm hais tias "kev pom zoo ntawm Soviet cov kws kho dua tshiab thiab lawv cov menyuam roj hmab mus rau German kev hloov pauv."
KKE / ML, tsis yog tsis muaj laj thawj, ntseeg tias qhov no zoo ib yam nrog "Moscow txoj kev txhawb nqa ntawm Sab Hnub Poob German txoj cai tswj hwm ntawm GDR." Cov lus tshaj tawm kuj tau tham txog "xav tau los tsim kom muaj ib pawg neeg koom siab koom txoos thoob plaws lub tebchaws Yelemes - nrog kev koom tes ntawm Marxist -Leninists tseeb ntawm FRG, German Democratic Republic thiab West Berlin."
Ib qho ntxiv, KKE / ML tsis kam "thim" los ntawm GDR thiab txhawb Beijing txoj haujlwm hauv kev sib txuas nrog kev ua tub rog tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Sino-Soviet ciam teb. Thiab kuj, zoo li PRC, nrog rau Albania thiab Romania, tshaj tawm rau txim rau pej xeem nkag los ntawm Warsaw Pact pab tub rog mus rau Czechoslovakia xyoo 1968.
Cov ntseeg Orthodox tau hu nws "kev lag luam poob peev ntawm Soviet kev hloov kho tshiab, kev lees paub ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ncaj ncees thoob ntiaj teb." Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thuam yog kev koom tes ntawm GDR pab tub rog hauv qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawd:
Moscow yog txhob txwm rov ua dua qhov kev ua yeeb ncuab ntawm cov tib neeg thiab cov neeg koom nrog los ntawm kev koom nrog pab tub rog ntawm tus kws kho dua tshiab GDR hauv qhov kev tawm tsam no. Yog li, Moscow, txhob txwm ceeb toom Czechoslovakia ntawm nws txoj haujlwm los ntawm Nazis xyoo 1939, ib yam li txhob txwm tshaj tawm ua rau muaj kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm cov neeg Czechoslovak thiab GDR.
Farewell rau GDR
Raws li rau xyoo dhau los ntawm kev muaj GDR, cov hlwb ntawm tib tog tau rov ua dua nyob rau xyoo 1980s, thaum, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo hauv USSR, kev tsuj los ntawm Stasi tsis muaj zog. Los ntawm nruab nrab xyoo 1989, tsawg kawg 700 tus tswvcuab ntawm SED tau koom nrog KKE / ML: lawv yog cov neeg koom nrog nrog 20 thiab 30 xyoo ntawm kev paub, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub tsev tsim khoom loj, qub tub rog ntawm GDR.
Raws li qee qhov lus ceeb toom, kev rov tsim dua tshiab ntawm ib nrab kev cai lij choj Stalinist-Maoist kev tawm tsam hauv tebchaws Yelemes Sab Hnub Tuaj thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tau dhau los ua tsaug rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm PRC, Albania, Romania thiab North Kauslim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub hauv paus kev xav ntawm KKE / ML, txiav txim los ntawm nws cov lus hauv 70s - 80s, tsis tau hloov hlo li:
Peb nthuav tawm qhov kev ntxeev siab ntawm German tus kws kho mob Ulbricht thiab Honecker, uas nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav coj mus rau kev tshem tawm ntawm GDR thiab kev txhawb siab ntawm pro-Nazi revanchism. Hauv Rostock, Magdeburg, Frankfurt an der Oder, Karl-Marx-Stadt, Dresden, Leipzig, Gera, Halle, cov neeg tawm tsam tiag tiag tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm Honecker, tsis muaj neeg nyob hauv Moscow …
Kev coj noj coj ua hauv GDR yog kev dag ntxias, nws yog kev zais ntawm kev tswj hwm peev, thaum nyob hauv FRG thiab Sab Hnub Poob Berlin nws yog qhov tsis muaj kev tswj hwm lub peev. Cov neeg raug kaw hauv tsev loj cuj hauv GDR kom meej meej qhia lub ntsej muag tiag tiag ntawm kev hu ua socialism tiag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, pib txij li xyoo 1986, yam tsis muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm Honecker thiab nws cov phooj ywg koom nrog, Moscow txoj kev pab txhawb kev nqus ntawm GDR los ntawm Tebchaws Yelemees Sab Hnub Poob tau muaj zog.
Raws li cov peev txheej network ntawm KKE / ML, ntu ntawm pawg neeg no hauv GDR tau tshaj tawm nws cov ntawv xov xwm tsis raug cai hu ua "Roter Blitz" (Liab Xob Laim), uas txog thaum xyoo 1981 tau hu ua "Roter Morgen" - Ausgabe der Sektion DDR (" Red Sunrise ", tshaj tawm ntawm ntu hauv GDR).
Txawm li cas los xij, ntu tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm Stasi rov qab rau thaum xyoo 1980s. Tab sis ib lub xovtooj loj hauv Magdeburg tau tswj tuav thiab rov txhim kho mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj German txoj haujlwm ntawm tog thaum xyoo 1989.
Kev tshuaj xyuas tam sim no los ntawm cov neeg German communist-Stalinists txog qhov laj thawj rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm GDR tseem zoo ib yam li xyoo 1960 thiab 1990s. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv liam tam sim no koom nrog Tebchaws Yelemees ntawm "kev rov kho dua ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab", ntawm "neo-colonial txoj cai nyob sab Europe sab hnub tuaj", ntawm "kev mob siab rau coj ncaj qha rau European Union thiab NATO kom rov ua haujlwm German kev ua tub rog."
Thiab yav dhau los GDR tam sim no muaj tus yam ntxwv los ntawm lawv li "pawg sab hauv ntawm Sab Hnub Poob German peev thiab lub hauv paus pib rau kev hloov pauv kev hloov pauv": qhov no yog qhov tseeb, txiav txim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug cai ntawm kev lag luam hauv zej zog yav dhau los thiab GDR (tshwj tsis yog rau Berlin), ntxiv rau ntau thiab ntau ntau ceg hauv thaj av sab hnub tuaj ntawm tsawg kawg kaum lub koom haum kho dua tshiab ntawm yav dhau los FRG.
KKE / ML tam sim no muaj tus sawv cev ua haujlwm hauv 40 lub nroog hauv tebchaws Yelemes (tiv thaiv 32 nyob hauv nruab nrab-90s, suav nrog 16 nyob hauv tebchaws Yelemes qub). Nws kuj tseem tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1980s "Pab Pawg Hluas Hluas ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees", uas tam sim no suav txog 230 txhiab tus tib neeg. Pawg neeg no tswj hwm kev sib raug zoo nrog DPRK thiab, raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib faib, nrog PRC thiab Cuba.
