Tank sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Soviet thiab German tankers thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1941 nyob ze Mtsensk siv T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam, raws li German General Müller-Hillebrand, hloov pauv lub tswv yim ntawm German lub zog tank. Dab tsi cuam tshuam qhov kev xav ntawm "tsis muaj peev xwm" German cov thawj coj ntau npaum li cas?
Kev ua tsis tiav ntawm Soviet tankers thaum pib ua tsov rog
T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam tawm los ntawm thawj hnub ntawm kev ua rog, ua ntej tsov rog, 1,227 lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam raug tshem tawm, thiab lawv feem ntau tau nruab nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm kho tshuab nyob ze ciam teb sab hnub poob, thiab lawv yuav tsum koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov neeg German thiab raug hnyav. poob. Cov neeg German tau paub txog lub tsheb no, tab sis tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm kev tshuaj xyuas txog nws thaum ntawd. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, General Guderian sau:
"Lub tank Soviet T-34 yog qhov piv txwv zoo ntawm thim rov qab Bolshevik thev naus laus zis. Lub tank no tsis tuaj yeem piv nrog cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm peb cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tsim los ntawm peb thiab tau rov ua pov thawj lawv qhov ua tau zoo."
Cov tub rog German sai sai yuav tsum lees tias lawv ua tsis raug, thiab tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tub rog thib 4, Colonel Colonel Katukov, tau pab lawv hauv qhov no. Tsim cov tswv yim ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm T-34, nws tau qhia meej tias, ntxiv rau kev muaj cov cuab yeej zoo, ib tus yuav tsum muaj peev xwm siv nws tau.
Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ciam teb ntawm thawj lub lim tiam ntawm kev ua tsov rog, yuav luag txhua lub koom haum kho tshuab Soviet thiab cov tsheb sib tsoo tau swb, thiab cov cuab yeej raug rhuav tshem los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lossis tso tseg los ntawm cov tub rog rov qab los. Qhov no feem ntau yog los ntawm kev siv tsis tau thiab tsis paub siv lub tshuab loj tsim, qhov ua yuam kev ntawm Soviet hais kom ua thiab siv blitzkrieg lub tswv yim los ntawm cov neeg German, nyob rau hauv uas lub tank loj tsim ntawm Wehrmacht, tau tawg los ntawm sab xub ntiag, mus tob rau hauv tom qab ntawm Soviet pab tub rog, coj lawv mus rau "pincers" thiab rhuav tshem hauv lub rhaub dej.
Tank pab tub rog Katukov
Los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1941, lub zog tso tsheb hlau luam tau tsim los ntawm kos thiab pib nrog cov tub rog tso tsheb hlau luam. Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Yim Hli, Katukov, tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Panzer 20th, uas poob tag nrho cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ze Dubno, tau raug hu mus rau Moscow thiab tau xaiv tus thawj coj ntawm 4th Tank Brigade, uas tau tsim nyob hauv Stalingrad.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm pab tub rog feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm tankmen los ntawm Pawg Panzer 15th, uas tau koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ciam teb thiab txaus siab rau thev naus laus zis thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg German. Nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Katukov, cov nkoj thauj khoom sib pauv tswv yim, tshuaj xyuas cov yeeb ncuab qhov kev ua thiab ua haujlwm tawm tsam kev tawm tsam yav tom ntej.
Tawm tsam cov txheej txheem kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg German, uas xav tias yog kev tshawb nrhiav los ntawm kev quab yuam ntawm cov tub rog tsav tsheb, txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tua, ua rau phom loj lossis foob pob huab cua thiab tsoo los ntawm kev tiv thaiv puas tsuaj nrog lub tank tawm tsam, Katukov lub tankmen tsim cov tswv yim ntawm qhov tsis raug rau pem hauv ntej ntug, teeb tsa lub tank ambushes thiab xa cov kev tawm tsam flank tsis tau npaj rau ntawm kev nce qib cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog tau koom nrog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam hauv khw ntawm Stalingrad Tsheb Laij Teb cog, paub lawv cov qauv tsim tau zoo thiab muaj lub hom phiaj ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm cov tshuab no.
Cov tub ceev xwm Katukov tuaj txog ntawm lub hauv ntej nrog lub koom haum tso tsheb hlau luam zoo, ua haujlwm los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog kev paub sib ntaus, ua tub rog nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam zoo tshaj plaws, paub zoo los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab muaj kev sib tw zoo ntawm kev tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab. Yog li cov neeg German tau qhia ib zaj lus qhia los ntawm cov kws qhia paub zoo thiab cov tub rog, uas mob siab rau kev ua pauj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua poob thaum pib ua tsov rog. Cov tub rog muaj 61 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, suav nrog 7 KV-1, 22 T-34, 32 BT-7, uas yog, ib nrab ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam yog lub teeb BT-7.
Cov tub ceev xwm tuaj txog hauv Mtsensk thaum Lub Kaum Hli 3 nrog rau txoj haujlwm txav mus tiv thaiv Eagle. Txog lub sijhawm no, Colonel-General Guderian's 2nd Panzer Group tau tsoo hla lub tebchaws Soviet thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 30, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli 3, Wehrmacht's 4th Panzer Division raws li cov lus txib ntawm General Langerman ntes Eagle ntawm qhov txav mus, uas tsis muaj leej twg los tiv thaiv. Ntxiv Guderian npaj yuav mus rau Serpukhov thiab Moscow, tsis xav tias yuav muaj zog tiv thaiv los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Raws li lub Cuaj Hlis 10, Pawg Panzer thib 4 muaj 162 tso tsheb hlau luam, suav nrog 8 Pz-I, 34 Pz-II, 83 Pz-III, 16 Pz-IV thiab 21 cov lus txib tso tsheb hlau luam. Ntau tshaj li ib nrab yog cov tso tsheb loj nruab nrab Pz-III thiab Pz-IV, uas yuav tsum tau sib tw nrog T-34.
Cov tso tsheb hlau luam twg tawm tsam ib leeg
Lub tank Soviet T-34 nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog lub tank siab tshaj plaws, muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo nrog 45 mm cov cuab yeej tuab, nyob ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm lub kaum sab xis, ntev-barreled 76, 2-mm rab phom loj thiab lub cav diesel muaj zog (500 hp). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, T-34 muaj qhov tsis zoo, lub tank muaj qhov pom tsis zoo vim qhov ua tsis tau zoo thiab lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm, qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm tus thawj coj lub rooj zaum thiab tsis muaj tus thawj coj lub khob.
Cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tau qis dua T-34 hauv txhua tus yam ntxwv. Lawv txhua tus tau nruab nrog lub tshuab roj av. Lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam Pz-I thiab Pz-II muaj cov cuab yeej tsis muaj zog, tsuas yog 13, 0-14, 5 hli, ntawm Pz-I cov cuab yeej ua rog muaj ob lub tshuab rab phom, thiab ntawm Pz-II los ntawm cov cuab yeej me me 20-mm rab phom. Pz-III thiab Pz-IV cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab kuj tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsuas yog 15 hli tuab, ntawm Pz-III cov cuab yeej ua rog suav nrog rab phom 37 hli, thiab ntawm Pz-IV muaj rab phom luv luv 75 mm nrog rab phom me. Txhua lub tank German tsis tau tsim los tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam, T-34 yog lub taub hau thiab lub xub pwg siab dua German tso tsheb hlau luam thiab, yog tias siv kom raug, yooj yim ntaus lawv los ntawm kev nyob deb. Cov txiaj ntsig no tau siv los ntawm cov nkoj Katukov.
Tank sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Mtsensk
Tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog nyob rau yav tav su ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 3 tau xa rau rau lub T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab ob lub KV-1 tso tsheb hlau luam rau kev tshawb nrhiav rau Oryol, uas ploj mus rau ntawd. Tom qab ntes Orel los ntawm cov neeg German, Katukov tau xaj kom tiv thaiv kev hla ntawm cov neeg German mus rau Mtsensk kom txog thaum tuaj txog ntawm cov tub rog ntawm General Lelyushenko. Tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov yeeb ncuab, nws poob yim lub tso tsheb hlau luam hauv Orel thiab hais kom pab tub rog los tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv raws tus Dej Optukha tsib kilometers sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Orel, ua kom tsis muaj txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv tsis raug.
Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 3, pawg tub rog tau swb cov kab German txav mus rau Moscow ntawm txoj kev loj nyob ze ntawm lub zos Ivanovskoye, rhuav tshem 14 lub teeb thiab nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm cov neeg German.
Vim yog txoj kev av nkos thiab av nkos ntawm txoj kev, Langerman's 4th Panzer Division, tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau, tau txav mus rau Lub Kaum Hli 5 raws txoj kev loj mus rau Mtsensk hauv kev cia siab tias yuav muaj kev sib tsoo nrog kev npaj tiv thaiv ntawm pab tub rog Soviet.
Pom lub ntsej muag cuav pem hauv ntej, cov neeg German tso tawm tag nrho lub zog ntawm rab phom loj thiab dav hlau rau nws, thiab tom qab ntawd tso cov tso tsheb hlau luam mus. Ntawm Katukov qhov kev hais kom ua, peb lub nkoj thauj khoom tau tawm tsam tua lub nkoj loj, ua haujlwm hauv pab pawg thiab tsom mus rau lawv cov hluav taws ntawm ib lub hom phiaj. Cov tub rog German tsis tau kawm txog kev sib ntaus sib tua, lawv lub tank tau raug rhuav tshem ib qho dhau los ntawm lub hom phiaj tua hluav taws ntawm peb caug-plaub. Lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam German Pz-I thiab P-II tshwj xeeb yog tiv thaiv tsis tau tiv thaiv T-34. Thaum poob 18 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, cov neeg German tau thim rov qab los ntawm tshav rog.
Thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 5, pawg tub rog tau hloov pauv txoj haujlwm pom los ntawm cov neeg German thiab rov qab mus rau lub zos Thawj Voin. Lub zos muaj txoj haujlwm zoo rau tso tsheb hlau luam, ntau qhov siab tau pom zoo los ntawm ib sab ntawm kev ua phem rau German, thiab thaj av uas tsis zoo nrog hav hav, hav ntoo thiab hav txwv yeem tau muab zais zoo rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam.
Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 6, Cov tso tsheb hlau luam German pib nce mus rau ib qho ntawm qhov siab thiab siv nws, tab sis tam sim ntawd plaub T-34s ntawm Tus Thawj Coj Lavrinenko tau tawm los ntawm hav zoov thiab tsoo lub flank ntawm cov tsheb German uas tau nce mus. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau nkaum hauv qhov hav thiab tawm mus rau tom qab ntawm cov neeg German thiab ua rau muaj kev sib zog ua rau lub tank. Tau poob 15 lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam hauv ob peb feeb, Cov Neeg German tau thim rov qab.
Lavrinenko pab pawg tau qhia rau cov neeg German txog yam tshiab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tank-tank, thaum tso tsheb hlau luam tawm los ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab nkaum sai sai hauv qhov quav ntawm thaj av. Qhov no yog qhov ua tsis tiav rau cov neeg German, rau lawv cov tso tsheb hlau luam yog txhais tau tias yog kev kov yeej tob tob thiab ua hauv qab ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Lawv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv tsis tau tsim los tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab rau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua German cov neeg ua haujlwm tso tsheb hlau luam tsis tau siv txuj ci thiab siv tswv yim npaj thiab raug kev puas tsuaj loj.
Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 9, Lub dav hlau tua neeg German tau tawm ntawm qhov khoob ntawm qhov tsis raug rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Katukov, thiab tom qab ntawd tau tawm tsam Sheino, sim hla dhau pawg tub rog tiv thaiv los ntawm flank. Ib pab pawg ntawm T-34s nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Lavrinenko thiab lub tuam txhab ntawm BT-7 tso tsheb hlau luam raws li cov lus txib ntawm Lieutenant Samokhin tau nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ze ntawm Shein.
Txhawm rau pab lawv, Katukov tau xa ib pab pawg tso tsheb hlau luam ntxiv, lawv tau hla dhau cov neeg German los ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab tsoo lub tank German. Coob nyob hauv kev hla hla, cov neeg German poob 11 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rov thim rov qab.
Tsis tau siv Sheino, cov neeg German hla cov tsheb thauj khoom ntawm sab xis thiab tsoo hla mus rau Bolkhov txoj kev loj, tsim kev hem thawj los puag ncig cov tub rog tiv thaiv. Thaum yav tsaus ntuj, Katukov tau xaj kom muaj txoj kab tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv twb nyob rau sab qab teb sab nrauv ntawm Mtsensk.
Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 10, Cov Neeg German tau ua rau muaj kev sib cav sib tua nyob rau sab qab teb sab nrauv ntawm lub nroog, thiab qhov kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb ntawm sab laug sab laug, thiab thaum nruab hnub lawv tau tsoo lub nroog. Katukov lub tankmen yuav tsum tawm ntawm Mtsensk, tab sis txhua tus choj, tshwj tsis yog txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, raug ntes. Katukov tau teeb tsa, nrog kev pab los ntawm sappers, tso cov neeg pw tsaug zog ntawm txoj kab, thiab thaum sawv ntxov tag nrho cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm pab tub rog tau ua tiav lub nroog.
Cov txuj ci zoo ntawm Katukov pab tub rog thwarted sai sai ntawm Langerman's 4th Panzer Division rau Moscow. Txhawm rau kom hla 60 kis lus mev los ntawm Orel mus rau Mtsensk, kev faib ua haujlwm tau cuaj hnub, thiab lub sijhawm no nws poob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, raws li Soviet cov ntaub ntawv, 133 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab mus txog rau cov tub rog tub rog. Raws li German cov ntaub ntawv, nws tsawg dua, tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias Katukov pawg tub rog tau thim rov qab txhua lub sijhawm thiab mus rau kab tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem nyob nrog cov neeg German, lawv rov kho cov cuab yeej puas tsuaj thiab muab nws rov qab los ua haujlwm.
Pawg tub rog tus kheej tau poob rau 28 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab 555 tus neeg raug tua, raug mob thiab ploj lawm. Raws li Lub Kaum Hli 16, pawg tub rog muaj 33 lub tank, 3 KV-1, 7 T-34, 23 BT-7.
Lub tswv yim ntawm German tus thawj coj hais txog kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum Lub Kaum Hli
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Mtsensk, Guderian yuav sau tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Soviet lub tank rau Berlin, uas nws yuav thov hloov pauv txhua lub tank German lub tsev.
"Kuv tau piav qhia hauv kev nkag siab cov ntsiab lus meej meej ntawm T-34 hla peb T-IV thiab muab cov lus xaus uas tsim nyog uas xav tias yuav cuam tshuam rau peb lub tank tsim yav tom ntej. Kuv xaus nrog qhov kev thov rov hais dua tam sim xa cov haujlwm mus rau kuv cov haujlwm ntawm sab xub ntiag, uas yuav suav nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Artillery thiab Technical Directorate, Ministry of Armaments, cov tsim qauv tank thiab cov tuam txhab tsim khoom tank … Lawv yuav tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas qhov tawg. tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm tshav rog … thiab mloog cov lus qhia … dab tsi yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv kev tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab ".
Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis, Guderian tau sib tham ntawm German tus tsim qauv nyob ze Orel, uas tseem tau koom nrog Ferdinand Porsche. Guderian coj nws mus rau hauv tshav rog ntawm Thawj Tus Tub Rog thiab hais kom tham txog Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam nrog cov tsheb thauj khoom ntawm ntu 4. Cov uas hais meej meej: ua rau peb caug-plaub.
Hauv nws qhov kev nco txog cov xwm txheej ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 6, Guderian sau:
"Qhov thib plaub Panzer Division tau tso tseg los ntawm Lavxias tso tsheb hlau luam. Thiab nws yuav tsum dhau lub sijhawm nyuaj. Thawj thawj zaug, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm Lavxias T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam tau tshwm sim. Kev faib faib raug kev puas tsuaj loj. Txoj kev npaj tawm tsam sai ntawm Tula yuav tsum tau ncua."
Tom qab ua tsov rog, German General Schneider tau sau:
… German tso tsheb hlau luam tau lees paub lawv tus kheej hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov rog, txog thaum pib lub Kaum Hli 1941 Lavxias T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam tau tshwm sim nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm German 4th Panzer Division sab hnub tuaj ntawm Orel ua ntej ntawm German 4 Panzer Division thiab tau qhia peb cov tsheb thauj khoom, uas tau siv rau yeej, lawv ua tau zoo dua hauv kev ua tub rog, cov cuab yeej ua rog thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Lub tank Lavxias tau siv riam phom 76, 2-mm, cov mos txwv uas tau tsoo cov cuab yeej ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm 1500-2000 m, thaum cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tuaj yeem tsoo cov neeg Lavxias los ntawm qhov deb tsis tshaj 500 m, thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd tsuas yog tias cov mos txwv tsoo sab thiab sab tawv ntawm T-34 lub tank”.
German General Müller-Hillebrand hais txog:
"Cov tsos ntawm T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam tau hloov pauv lub tswv yim ntawm lub zog ntawm lub tank. Yog tias txog tam sim no yuav tsum tau ua rau lub tank thiab nws cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv txhawm rau txhawm rau pab tub rog thiab txhais tau tias txhawb nqa cov tub rog, tam sim no txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntaus cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm qhov deb tshaj plaws."
General Langerman tau tshaj tawm cov ncauj lus ntxaws ntxaws ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum Lub Kaum Hli, uas nws tau hais txog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj ntawm T-34 thiab KV-1 hla Pz-III thiab Pz-IV cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab, tau sau tseg cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev sib ntaus los ntawm Soviet tankers thiab lub zog loj heev ntawm T-34 rab phom. Nws kuj tseem sau tseg tias qhov pom tau los ntawm lub tank ntawm German lub tank zoo dua li ntawm T-34, ua tsaug rau tus thawj coj ntawm lub khob.
Nws tsis yog cov tso tsheb hlau luam uas yeej, nws yog cov neeg
Tank sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Mtsensk yuam cov neeg German rov xav txog cov tswv yim ntawm kev siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab txhim kho cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntau dua. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1942, rab phom ntev 75-mm tau nruab rau ntawm Pz-IV, Pz-V "Panther" lub tank nrog lub zog loj 75-mm tau tsim, uas ntau lub tswv yim los ntawm T-34 tau tso, thiab lub tank hnyav Pz-VI "Tsov" Nrog rab phom 88-mm, zoo tshaj rau txhua lub tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd hais txog kev tua hluav taws thiab kev tiv thaiv.
Yog li kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Katukov cov tub rog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ze Mtsensk ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm T-34 lub tank thiab ib zaug ntxiv ua pov thawj tias thev naus laus zis tsis daws txhua yam, nws tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv txhais tes ntawm cov tub rog tiag paub thiab paub siv nws nrog lub meej mom.
