Clarence Johnson! Koj yog tus tim khawv nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev xoom xaim cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm German Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txais yuav Starfighter los ua haujlwm nrog Luftwaffe. Hauv koj cov lus pov thawj, koj tuaj yeem cia siab rau yam uas koj tus kheej tau pom thiab paub los ntawm koj tus kheej kev paub, thiab tsis yog qhov koj tau hnov los ntawm cov neeg thib peb. Koj puas nkag siab cov lus piav qhia no?
- Yog, tus thawj tswj hwm.
"Raws li Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Kev Txhim Kho Siab Tshaj ntawm Lockheed, koj tau coj pab pawg Starfighter project. Piav qhia rau lub tsev hais plaub txog koj lub hom phiaj rau tsim lub dav hlau txawv txawv
Peb pib ua haujlwm ntawm Star Fighter ntawm qhov siab ntawm Tsov Rog Kauslim. Tsis zoo li transonic Sabers tsev neeg, peb cov neeg tua rog tau koom nrog lub cim tshiab ntawm kev ya dav hlau, uas nws nrawm dua li ob zaug ntawm lub suab nrawm.
Starfighter tau xeeb los ua tus cuam tshuam nrawm: lub me me, sib ntaus sib tua nrog lub zog me me aerodynamic rub thiab lub peev xwm ua tau siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub cav. Taug qab nrog cov yeeb ncuab, cog cov phom loj uas tuag los ntawm rab phom ntawm nws thiab tam sim ntawd ploj mus rau hauv stratosphere. Kev koom tes hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua huab cua thaum xub thawj tau tawm tsam lub tswv yim Starfighter thiab raug tsis lees paub los ntawm peb raws li qhov tsis tsim nyog. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg tua rog tshiab yog kev nrawm thiab nce tus nqi. Lub tswv yim kev tshoov siab yog txoj haujlwm ntawm German dav hlau cuam tshuam "Komet".
Qhov kev txiav txim siab no ncaj ncees npaum li cas?
- Thaum xub thawj txhua yam mus tau zoo. F-104 "Starfighter" tau dhau los ua thawj tus neeg tua rog kom kov yeej ob npaug ntawm kab suab. Xyoo 1959, nws tau teeb tsa lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm 31 kilometers.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau cov yam ntxwv tsis muaj zog ntawm lub tis, Kuv tau thov txheej ciam txheej txheej tshuab tawm: xaiv cov huab cua los ntawm lub tshuab cua tshuab thiab nws cov khoom xa mus rau flaps, uas ua rau kom lawv ua tau zoo dua. Dua li ntawm qhov siab thauj khoom tis, tus yam ntxwv tsaws ntawm Starfighter tsis muaj qhov phem dua li ntawm lwm tus neeg sib ntaus ntawm lub sijhawm.
Cov cuab yeej ua rog suav nrog qhov tshiab tshaj plaws Sidewinder coj cov cuaj luaj nrog cov nrhiav cua sov. Ntau qhov kev cia siab tau txuas rau ntawm Vulcan rau -rab phom loj nrog rau qhov loj, yav tas los tsis tau muaj dua los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub - 100 puag ncig ib pliag. Starfighter tau cog lus tias yuav yog tus neeg cuam tshuam zoo tshaj …
Dab tsi yog vim li cas vim li cas "Starfighter" tau raug tsis lees paub los ntawm Asmeskas Tub Rog Tub Rog
- Kev nplua nuj ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab hauv kev tsim ntawm Starfighter cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ntawm nws qhov kev sim thiab kev txhim kho. Los ntawm xyoo 1958, Starfighter tau dhau los lawm. Nws cov avionics tsis tuaj yeem sib tw nrog Phantom avionics.
Yog. Koj puas yog txhua txoj hauv kev koom nrog kev poob ntawm kev txaus siab hauv koj tus neeg tua rog nrog qib tsis tau pom dua ntawm nws qhov kev sib tsoo?
- Cov dab neeg hais txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm "Starfighter" yog cov lus dab neeg hais txog kev ya dav hlau, khaws los ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm zoo siab. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tua rog ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd muaj qhov xwm txheej kwv yees li 30%. Txawm tias tsis tshua muaj lub tswv yim zoo dua li Starfighter.
Leej twg yog tus sau ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev tshem tus tsav dav hlau los ntawm qhov qis ntawm lub cev?
- Cov phiaj xwm no muaj ntau yam zoo. Tsis tas yuav tsum muaj lub taub hau loj loj thiab lub teeb tso tawm lub tshuab. Peb tsis tas yuav "pov" tus kws tsav dav hlau hla lub hauv paus: lub rooj yuav sib dua, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa lub zog qis qis. Raws li cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, "txo qis" tshem tawm qhov phom sij ntawm kev raug mob ntawm tus txha nraub qaum rau cov kws tsav dav hlau lawv tus kheej.
Koj puas nkag siab dab tsi qhov kev tshem tawm hauv qab yog fraught nrog thaum muaj xwm txheej xwm txheej ceev thaum lub dav hlau nce lossis nqis?
- Qhov no yog tus nqi tsis pom kev rau cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ntawm Star Fighter.
Tam sim no peb yuav tsum rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm peb kev sib tham. Yuav ua li cas Starfighter xaus rau hauv Luftwaffe?
- Xyoo 1950s lig, Cov Neeg German tab tom nrhiav lub dav hlau dav dav siv los ua haujlwm ntau yam: cov neeg tua hluav taws-cuam tshuam, foob pob thiab foob pob dav hlau hauv ib tus neeg, suav nrog kev yooj yim ntawm kev tsim thiab tus nqi qis tshaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov khoom muaj npe tsis nyob hauv txhua txoj kev tsis sib xws: vim tias muaj lub zog loj ntawm lub tshuab dav hlau, kev sib ntaus ntawm cov neeg tua rog niaj hnub tuaj yeem ncav ntau tons. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, txhua lub dav hlau tua rog, nrog cov cuab yeej pom tau zoo, tuaj yeem rov ua dua txoj haujlwm ntawm cov foob pob pem hauv ntej.
Tab sis koj lub tuam txhab yuam cov neeg German kom tau txais qhov tshwj xeeb "Starfighter" rau cov laj thawj no
- Kev hloov kho German ntawm F-104G tsuas yog zoo ib yam li qub Starfighter. Sab hauv, txhua yam tau hloov pauv: lub zog tshiab J-79-GE-19 lub cav, avionics raws li cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob me me, muaj ntau yam ua haujlwm NASARR F15A-41B radar txhawm rau ntsuas huab cua thiab lub hom phiaj hauv av. Xya lub ntsiab lus rau kev tshem riam phom, suav nrog cov thoob thoob rau kev tshem cov foob pob thiab PTBs. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm German Starfighters mus txog 2177 kg. Rau-rab phom Vulcan rab phom nrog 725 puag ncig ntawm cov mos txwv rov tshwm rau hauv lub qhov ntswg ntawm tus neeg tua rog (nws yuav tsum tau hloov pauv, ntawm ob peb qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm F-104 ntawm US Air Force, Vulcan tau raug tshem tawm vim tias tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau qhov tseeb ntawm supersonic ceev). Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm tau hloov pauv, peb tau rov qab mus rau lub rooj zaum tshem tawm tus qauv thiab lub ru tsev saum txaj.
Dab tsi yog F-104G tis thauj khoom ntawm qhov hnyav tshaj tawm?
- 716 kg ib square meter. Muaj ob zaug ntau npaum li nws cov phooj ywg, tab sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ntsuas (tshuab tawm txheej ciam av) thiab lwm yam kev siv ntawm "Starfighter". Txhua qhov no thaum kawg tso cai rau peb tsim lub tshuab sib npaug uas ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
292 German F-104Gs tau ploj hauv kev sib tsoo, tua 116 tus kws tsav dav hlau. Ib feem peb ntawm cov uas ua. Kev foob foob ntseeg tias nws yog kev nqis tes ua "Lockheed" uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Koj lub tuam txhab txhob txwm yaum yaum peb cov phooj ywg kom yuav lub dav hlau puas, uas ua rau muaj kev rau txim loj
- Qhov kev txaj muag F-104G tau dag ntxias dag. Piv txwv li, Cov Neeg German tau rhuav tshem ntau dua li ib feem peb ntawm lawv F-84F Thunderstreaks, tab sis tsis muaj ib tus neeg tseem ceeb rau qhov no. Qhov kev huam yuaj loj tsuas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov nkhaus ntawm "aces ntawm Luftwaffe," uas nws txoj kev kawm tsis zoo dua li cov kws tsav dav hlau Asmeskas.
(F-84F yog kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm F-84 fighter-bomber, uas, tsis ntev ua ntej cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia, txawv nws tus kheej hauv ntuj ceeb tsheej ntawm Kauslim, suav nrog ib feem peb ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau nws tus lej).
Tau kawg, koj puas muaj pov thawj tseeb ntawm koj cov lus?
- Yog, tus thawj tswj hwm. Raws li qhov kawg ntawm 60s. Lub sijhawm davhlau nruab nrab ntawm German F-104Gs ib qho kev sib tsoo yog 2970 teev, thaum Asmeskas F-104Cs muaj 5950 teev.
Txog kev sib piv: qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Soviet tau hais los ntawm kwv yees li qhov tseem ceeb: MiG-21-lub davhlau lub sijhawm raug xwm txheej 4422 teev, MiG-19-4474 teev, qhov tsis tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv tau teev tseg los ntawm Su-7, uas txhua txhua 2245 teev (aphorism paub zoo: tus tsim Sukhoi, thiab tus kws tshaj lij ntub dej). Cov dav hlau dav dav ntawm lub sijhawm.
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm Spanish Air Force: tsis ploj ib leeg "Strafighter" rau xya xyoo ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm (tawm ntawm 20 tus neeg tua hluav taws muaj). Txawm hais tias suav nrog lawv qhov kev siv qis ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nyob rau hauv huab cua zoo, qhov txiaj ntsig no tsis muaj nyob hauv ib txoj kev lees paub F-104 lub koob npe nrov raws li kev sib ntaus thaum muaj xwm ceev.
Qhov xwm txheej ntawm Starfighters yog qhov tseeb ntau dua li ntawm lwm hom kev sib ntaus. F-105 Thunderchief tau dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ntseeg tau ntawm US Air Force lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua (ib qho kev huam yuaj rau 10,000 teev), tab sis ib tus yuav tsum paub txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuab no li cas. Ib tus neeg cuam tshuam me me "Starfighter", qhov uas txhua yam tau nyem rau kom ua tiav qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab nce qib. Thiab lub dav hlau loj tshaj plaws ntawm Alexander Kartvelishvili, uas dhau los ua lub dav hlau loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev ya dav hlau. Qhov hnyav nqa ntawm F-105 yog ob zaug ntawm Starfighter: vim li ntawd, Kartveli muaj lub sijhawm los teeb tsa lub cav muaj zog thiab ua tiav qhov muaj peev xwm siv tau yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw saum npoo.
Kev tshawb nrhiav pom koj cov ntaub ntawv txaus ntseeg. Tab sis lo lus nug tseem tshuav. Dab tsi yog qhov laj thawj rau kev xaiv Luftwaffe pom zoo rau F-104 thaum muaj tsis muaj cov neeg sib tw muaj zog tsawg: Asmeskas Super Saber, F-105 Thunderchief, F-5 Freedom Fighter lossis Fabkis Mirage III?
- Feem ntau ntawm cov npe sib ntaus hauv xyoo 1958 tseem tsis tau mus dhau lub chaw sim dav hlau. Xaiv Super Saber yuav yog kauj ruam meej rov qab - F -100 yog kev txhim kho ntawm lub dav hlau dav hlau dav hlau, nws qhov nrawm tsuas yog 30% nrawm dua li lub suab nrawm.
Lub dav hlau tua phom loj "Thunderchief" tau hais meej dhau qhov txhais tau tias ntawm cov neeg German.
Lub yeeb koob ntawm Fab Kis Mirage tau ua ntej; thaum kawg ntawm 50s nws yog "npua hauv poke". Ib qho ntxiv, qhov tseeb ntawm kev siv lub dav hlau Fabkis yuav zoo li npuaj lub ntsej muag rau Luftwaffe.
Lockheed tau thov kom muaj pov thawj tua neeg, uas los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau teeb tsa peb lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv (nrawm / tus nqi nce / qhov siab) thiab cov phiaj xwm npaj tau npaj rau nws kev hloov kho tshiab raws li qhov xav tau ntawm Luftwaffe.
Kev foob foob yog tawm tsam. Koj F-104 kuj tsis tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm Luftwaffe thiab tsis tsim nyog koom nrog hauv kev sib tw. Koj plam lub dav hlau txawv txawv rau Cov Phoojywg nrog lub tis thauj khoom ntawm 716 kg / sq. m, thaum lawv xav tau lub tshuab dav dav los daws ob qho kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab tawm tsam
- Cov neeg German tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis paub tias, vim qhov peev nyiaj tsawg, lawv yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev sib cav. Lockheed tau ua qhov kev thov ntawm tus nqi pheej yig. Hloov kho lub dav hlau raws li tus neeg siv khoom xav tau. Nruab Starfighter nrog cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub tshaj plaws. Tau pom zoo rau nws daim ntawv tso cai tsim khoom. Cov duab txaus ntshai yog 716 kg / sq. m tsuas yog siv tau ntawm max. nqa qhov hnyav hauv lub foob pob tawg, thaum kev ua haujlwm tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev ntsuas los ntawm cov ntawd. tus yam ntxwv thiab lub zog hnyav-rau-hnyav piv "Starfighter", uas tso cai rau nws "plam" hom phom sij yam tsis muaj qhov raug txim.
Thiab tam sim no nrog txhua qhov no, peb yuav sim tshem tawm …
Ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm Luftwaffe, peb tau teeb tsa F-104 nrog lub rooj tshem tawm tshiab thiab lub tswb teeb pom kev zoo uas tig rau thaum muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev tig thiab lwm yam kev phom sij txaus ntshai. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, "aces ntawm Luftwaffe" pib dhia tawm ntawm tus neeg sib ntaus, ntawm qhov ua rau me ntsis ntawm lub tswb - xyuam xim rau qhov tsis sib xws pom tseeb: tus naj npawb ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau raug tua yuav luag peb zaug tsawg dua li cov neeg tawg rog Starfighters.
Kev tuag ntawm tus tub ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Bundestag, Kai-Uwe von Hassel, uas tau tsoo ntawm Starfighter thaum Lub Peb Hlis 10, 1970, ua si rau hauv txhais tes ntawm "xovxwm daj". kis thoob ntiaj teb raws li kev pom zoo ntawm qhov txaus ntshai txaus ntshai los ntawm "txhuas lub hleb".
Tsis zoo li nws cov duab dab neeg ntawm "tus poj ntsuam", qhov tiag "Starfighter" tau poob hauv keeb kwm los ua lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm kev ya dav hlau (1950-60). Lub sijhawm rau kev tshawb nrhiav tawv thiab txiav txim siab ua siab tawv.
Me ntsis contradictory. Tsis yog qhov yooj yim los tswj. Hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev, lub dav hlau zoo nkauj nrog cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo. Nws qhov nce siab tuaj yeem yog qhov khib ntawm cov neeg tua rog niaj hnub no - 277 m / s!
"Starfighter" tau txais los ntawm 15 lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb thiab tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam ntau dua 50 xyoo. Nws tau koom nrog kev ua siab phem, los ntawm qhov uas nws tau tawm los nrog qhov sib npaug ntawm kev yeej thiab swb.
F-104S ntawm Italian Air Force nrog cov foob pob tawg "Sparrow"
Qhov kawg Italian F-104ASA tau tso tseg tsuas yog xyoo 2004. Raws li rau cov neeg Italians, lawv tau txaus siab los ntawm Starfighter thaum qhov kev sim Aeritalia F-104S tau tsaws hauv Rome tsuas yog 19 feeb 30 vib nas this tom qab tawm ntawm lub dav hlau puag ze Turin. Cov neeg Italians tseem swb 38% ntawm lawv daim ntawv tso cai Starfighters, txawm li cas los xij lawv tau ua haujlwm ntev tshaj plaws thiab hloov kho lawv mus rau qib hnyav heev: F-104S cov neeg cuam tshuam tuaj yeem nruab nrog cov dav hlau nruab nrab cua-rau-huab cua nrog radar nrhiav.
Clarence "Kelly" Johnson yog tus kws tsim lub dav hlau Asmeskas nto moo los ntawm Swedish keeb kwm, tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam txhab kev txhim kho qib siab ntawm Skunk Works ntawm Lockheed. Tus tsim lub dav hlau tshawb nrhiav U-2 thiab SR-71. Cov npoj yaig tau hais txog nws tias "Tus neeg Swede phem no tuaj yeem pom huab cua."
