Txhua tus neeg xam xaj yuav tsum tuag rau lub tebchaws, tabsis tsis muaj leej twg yuav tsum dag rau nws.
(Charles -Louis de Seconde, Baron La Brad thiab de Montesquieu (1689 - 1755) - Tus kws sau ntawv Fab Kis, kws lij choj thiab kws sau paj huam)
Thiab txhua tus neeg uas hnov cov lus no ntawm kuv thiab tsis ua tiav lawv yuav zoo li tus txiv neej ruam uas ua nws lub tsev rau ntawm cov xuab zeb; thiab los nag tau poob, thiab cov dej ntws los, thiab cua tau los, thiab ntaus lub tsev ntawd; thiab nws tau poob, thiab nws txoj kev poob yog qhov zoo.
(Mathais 7: 21-28)
Niaj hnub no, ntau tus neeg tham txog qhov yuav tsum tau sib ntaus rau "qhov tseeb ntawm keeb kwm", tab sis muaj cov zoo li no Pravdists (cov neeg sau xov xwm los ntawm Pravda cov ntawv xov xwm kho chaw ua haujlwm) ib txwm ua tau zoo thiab … qhov tseeb ntawm lawv cov ntawv? Tsis yog, alas - tsis yog! Ntxiv mus, nws yog nrog lawv cov ntawv "patriotic" tshaj tawm, tau sau, ntawm chav kawm, los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, uas lawv cov kws sau ntawv tau rhuav tshem cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm peb lub tebchaws!
Tsis ntseeg nws? Tsis txhob xav tsis thoob! Vim tias qhov no tsis yooj yim los ua pov thawj, tshwj xeeb yog koj coj thiab nyeem, hais, tib daim ntawv xov xwm Pravda txij xyoo 1921 txog 1953. Yog li, kawm tiav S. Timoshina ntawm Penza State University, thaum nws tab tom ua haujlwm rau nws Ph. D. thesis txog yuav ua li cas Soviet tog xovxwm thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tau npog lub neej ntawm peb cov pej xeem nyob txawv teb chaws, nthuav tawm lub sijhawm zoo hauv nws kev tshawb fawb.
Nws hloov tawm tias txawm tias tag nrho cov tswj hwm los ntawm tog (uas tau lees paub los ntawm ntau pawg ntawv pov thawj), tsis muaj ib qho xov xwm tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm USSR hauv kev hais txog cov xwm txheej txawv teb chaws, tab sis … ntau li peb!
Ua ntej: "kev hloov pauv ntiaj teb tsis nyob deb"! Los ntawm qhov teeb meem mus rau qhov teeb meem, tsis sib xws rau txhua qhov pov thawj, Pravda thiab lwm cov ntawv xov xwm tau sau txog qhov tsis zoo nyob txawv teb chaws li cas, tib neeg tshaib plab, tawm tsam, lees txim lawv txoj kev hlub rau USSR, hauv ib lo lus - "tsuas yog yuav muaj qhov kub hnyiab!" Tab sis xyoo dhau xyoo dhau los, thiab vim qee qhov kev tawm tsam tsis tau muaj nyob ntawd …
Qhov dej thib ob tau mob siab rau qhov ua tiav ntawm kev tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws thiab thev naus laus zis. Txog rau xyoo 1946, cov ntawv xov xwm niaj hnub tshaj tawm tias "nyob ntawd" lawv tau tshawb pom, tsim tawm, tso tawm, muag cov tsheb zoo li no thiab ib lab, yuav luag ib txhij (!) Zoo, ua li cas, qhia rau kuv, nws puas tuaj yeem sau txog qhov ntawd vwm thaum lub sijhawm ntawd? Lub hom phiaj heev, thiab tsis muaj kev thuam, lawv tau piav txog Focke-Fulf-200 lub dav hlau, Asmeskas cov nylon, "tsheb ya", cov chaw ua haujlwm nrog cua txias thiab tsis muaj duab ntxoov ntxoo, thiab tam sim ntawd, nyob rau nplooj ntawv dhau los, cov ntaub ntawv tau tshaj tawm txog "Ntshai ntawm Ford cov chaw tsim khoom."
Lub ntsiab lus thib peb tsis txawv kiag li. Cov no yog feuilletons nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm "One-Story America" los ntawm Ilf thiab Petrov. 100% cov neeg sau xov xwm tseeb tuaj "los ntawm qhov ntawd" thiab sau … qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej "nyob ntawd"! Tsis yog, lawv, ntawm chav kawm, tau thuam cov txheej txheem hauv zos bourgeois thiab kev ua phem rau tib neeg los ntawm tus txiv neej, tab sis … nws yog qhov txaus siab los nyeem lawv cov piv txwv tiag tiag thiab sib piv lawv nrog qhov peb muaj! Thiab tib neeg nyeem thiab sib piv, thiab tom qab ntawd tau sau tshuaj xyuas hauv cov ntawv xov xwm, txawm tias cov neeg ua liaj ua teb! Hauv lawv, lawv tau sib cav hais tias Asmeskas yuav los rau kev coj noj coj ua ua ntej peb, "los ntawm lub tshuab," thiab tsis yog kev tswj hwm ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm loj. Thiab cov kev tshuaj xyuas no tau tshaj tawm rov qab rau xyoo 1927. Tab sis txoj hmoo ntawm lawv tus kws sau ntawv xyoo 1937, hmoov tsis, tsis paub rau kuv hnub no.
Yog li tsis yog txhua tus neeg, txawm tias tom qab ntawd, tau ruam heev tias "lawv tsis pom hav zoov rau cov ntoo."Peb tau pom, thiab ua li cas, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm cov lus nug ntse uas tib cov neeg ua teb nyob hauv lub tebchaws tau nug cov neeg ua phem rau tog. Thiab Tus Kws Kawm Ntawv Vernadsky tau sau dab tsi hauv nws phau ntawv teev npe? Yog li cov neeg uas pom txhua qhov no tsis tsawg. Thiab koj yuav tsis pom nws li cas thaum nyob hauv ib qho teeb meem ntawm Pravda lawv tau sau txog Tukhachevsky tias nws yog tus tub ntawm cov neeg ua teb, thiab tom qab tsuas yog peb lub hlis nws yog tus tub ntawm tus tswv av! Thiab, txawm li cas los xij, thaum xob quaj ntawm Great Patriotic War tsoo, tib neeg mus tawm tsam rau lawv lub tebchaws, rau lawv cov neeg. Tab sis ntau tus ntawm lawv tsuas yog luag tib yam yeeb yaj kiab "Chapaev". Tom qab tag nrho, cov uas tawm tsam nrog nws tus kheej tseem muaj txoj sia nyob tom qab ntawd …
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj xav tias tsawg kawg qee yam tau hloov pauv hauv kab lus ntawm Pravda ntawv xov xwm txij li thaum pib ua tsov rog, tom qab ntawd koj (mus thiab nyeem nws koj tus kheej!) Yog kev ua phem phem! Muaj ntau qhov kev tsim dua tshiab! Nws yog qhov tseeb tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm xov xwm uas yog lub xeev thiab cov tub rog zais cia. Tab sis … cov ntawv los ntawm cov tub rog German hauv tsev thiab hauv tsev tau luam tawm los ntawm qhov teeb meem mus rau qhov chaw, nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov neeg German tau tshaib plab nyob tom qab, tias cov tub rog nyob rau pem hauv ntej tau nkees thiab tsis xav tawm tsam, zoo li muaj tsis muaj kev tswj hwm tub rog thiab Gestapo hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Cov kws tsav dav hlau German tau ya mus rau peb, ib tus dhau ib leeg, tshaj tawm lawv lub npe thiab chaw nyob hauv xovxwm, kom meej meej tsis txhob ntshai tias lawv cov neeg hlub yuav raug xa mus rau tom chaw pw tam sim ntawd, thiab cov uas tseem tsis tau swb yog neeg siab tawv thiab nkaum ntawm peb. hawks hauv huab! Ntxiv mus, ntau tus neeg German mus, ntau cov ntawv txaus ntshai uas lawv tau sau mus rau lawv lub tebchaws. Kuv puas tau sau zoo li ntawd? Yog lawm, nws yog qhov tsim nyog - txhawm rau txhawb lub siab hlub ntawm feem coob ntawm cov neeg hauv lub tebchaws!
Tab sis tom qab ntawd vim li cas, thaum cov neeg German tau rov qab los, cov ntawv ntawm Wehrmacht cov tub rog los ntawm Soviet xov xwm tau ploj tam sim ntawd (ib yam li cov ntawv hais txog kev ua phem ntawm Gestapo tau ploj mus los ntawm nplooj ntawv Pravda tom qab kos npe rau ntawm Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), tab sis cov ntawv tau hais txog tias chav tsev ntawm Cov Neeg German tau tawg nrog Fabkis cognacs, hnyuv ntxwm thiab furs. Tab sis hauv 41-42 xyoo. cov ntawv xov xwm tau sau tias hauv tebchaws Yelemes txhua tus tau tshaib plab thiab noj nqaij ntses whale. Fabkis cognac tuaj qhov twg tuaj? Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias cov kws sau ntawv ntawm cov kev xaiv no tsuas yog hnov qab qhov lawv sau ib xyoos lossis ob xyoos dhau los, tab sis tib neeg tsis hnov qab qhov no, khaws cov ntawv xov xwm, nyeem lawv, sib sau ua ke thiab pom tias cov ntawv xov xwm Pravda tau nthuav dav rau lawv li cas!
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis tau sau dab tsi txog kev thaiv ntawm Leningrad kom txog thaum lub nroog muaj txoj sia nyob - tsuas yog tom qab ntawd Leningraders, uas "yeej hauv Stalin lub npe," tau qhuas txhua txoj hauv kev. Tsis yog lawv tau sau txog qhov kev ua phem phem ntawm cov neeg German thaum Lub Yim Hli 42nd ntawm Stalingrad, tej zaum, yog li tsis txhob ntshai tib neeg ib zaug ntxiv. Tab sis nws yuav ua tau, thiab, cia peb hais - yuav tsum - sau txog txhua yam no hauv txoj hauv kev uas qhov tseeb yog, thiab qhov zais cia tau khaws cia, thiab yog li peb, cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv, nyeem tag nrho cov kev tsis pom no, tsis tas yuav tsum tuav tes peb lub taub hau! Tsis paub yuav ua li cas? Yog, ib yam li ntawd, thiab tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev, vim tias lawv tsis tau nyeem phau ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ncauj lus no, "lawv tsis tau kawm paub lus," thiab lawv tau sau - thiab txawm tias marshals - nrog rau kev sau ntawv yuam kev tag nrho. Vim li ntawd, peb tsis muaj peev xwm tawm tsam cov kawm tiav ntawm Oxford thiab Cambridge, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb, tsis muaj kev ua tsov ua rog, peb tso lub zog loj ntawm lawv txhais taw nrog txhua lub foob pob thiab nuclear submarines.
Zoo, kom deb li deb li cov khoom siv hauv Qiv-Lease muaj kev txhawj xeeb, txhua yam dhau los ua qhov nthuav heev. Yog li, hauv "Pravda" rau Lub Rau Hli 11, 1944, cov ntaub ntawv zais cia saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov khoom siv rau USSR raws li Kev qiv qiv los ntawm Askiv, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Canada tau tshaj tawm, suav nrog tus lej ntawm cov tub rog khau thiab tsheb, thiab txawm tias nrog cov hais tias muaj ntau txhiab txhiab tus nyob rau lub sijhawm no lawv tab tom caij nkoj rau peb ntawm hiav txwv. Tom qab ntawv cov ntawv no tau luam tawm tag nrho los ntawm peb pab tub rog thiab ntawv xov xwm hauv ib cheeb tsam (ib feem) thiab - nws tau meej heev tias nws yog qhov tseeb thiab zoo heev PR! Muaj tseeb, vim hais tias qhov dag me me (nthuav tawm los ntawm cov neeg soj xyuas) hauv qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau tsis ntseeg ntawm tag nrho cov lus no, uas cuam tshuam nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees - thiab muaj Pravda kuj tau nyeem nyob ntawd - tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem tso cai! Zoo li, ntau npaum li cas tau xa tuaj rau peb los ntawm cov phooj ywg - ceev faj ntawm Fritzes! Zoo, thiab peb cov neeg kuj tseem "zoo siab" - qhov ntawd yog txhua tus pab peb, qhov twg cov neeg German tawm tsam peb!
Txawm li cas los xij, nyeem keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb thiab nco txog 60-70s. ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los … Tsawg kawg qee tus ntawm lawv tus kws sau ntawv xa mus rau qhov chaw no? Tsis yog! Ntxiv mus, lawv tseem sib cav txog Qiv-Lease, suav nrog hauv nplooj ntawv VO, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg hais txog qhov chaw no hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb! Puas nyuaj rau nce thiab mus txog cov ntaub ntawv lossis tsev qiv ntawv?
Rov qab los rau Pravda cov ntawv tshaj tawm, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias los ntawm xyoo 1950 ntau ntawm peb cov neeg tau tso tseg tsis ntseeg nws tag nrho thiab txawm hais tawm tias nws … dag! Qhov no tau ua pov thawj los ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm ntau tus pej xeem ntawm haiv neeg sib txawv keeb kwm yav dhau los, ua tiav, piv txwv li, hauv tib Samara (tom qab Kuibyshev cheeb tsam) hauv kev sib tham nrog tham txog Yugoslav tus thawj coj - "Tito tus dev ntshav" thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog nyob rau Kauslim Teb. Peb muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog rau cheeb tsam Kuibyshev, tab sis lawv raug kaw rau qhov txhia chaw, vim tias "koj tsis tuaj yeem muab lub taub hau npog rau ntawm koj lub qhov ncauj". Zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd Pravda tshaj tawm thawj zaug tias peb tsis muaj cuaj luaj hauv tebchaws Cuba, thiab tom qab ntawd lees paub tias, yog, lawv nyob ntawd tom qab tag nrho. Tias peb cov tub rog tsis nyob hauv Egypt xyoo 1967, tab sis lawv nyob ntawd, thiab qhov tseeb, peb puas txaj muag txog yog tias peb yog "lub tebchaws zoo" tiag? Zoo, thiab cov lus tshaj tawm hauv Pravda txog Kaus Lim Qab Teb cov ntaub ntawv, uas "mus rau hiav txwv." Ntseeg lawv txoj kev ncaj ncees, cov xeev tsis coj tus cwj pwm phem li no, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, lawv tsis dag rau lawv cov pej xeem. Zoo, lawv tua thiab tua! "Ciam teb raug kaw nruj !!!"
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tsuas yog xyoo 1946, tshaj tawm txog kev ua tiav ntawm Western kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tau ploj mus los ntawm cov xovxwm, nrog rau cov ntawv me me, uas yog, thaum cov tub ceev xwm pom tias cov ntaub ntawv ntws yuav tsum zoo ib yam! Tab sis nws lig dhau lawm. Cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm ntawm peb lub zej zog los ntawm kev mob siab rau cov neeg sau xov xwm (thiab, Kuv yuav ntxiv, cov kws sau keeb kwm!) Tawg, zoo li nws tau ua los ntawm cov xuab zeb! Tib neeg tsis nyiam kom raug dag, lawv tsis ntseeg hauv kev tshaj xov xwm, ntseeg hauv tog, thiab thaum kawg lawv tsis mus rau qhov thaiv, raws li lawv tsis tau tawm xyoo 1991, thiab tsis muaj kev ntxeev siab thiab ntxeev siab ua qhov txawv ntawm no ! Ntawd yog, cov lus nug hauv qhov no tsis yog hais txog seb peb lub kaw lus puas zoo lossis tsis zoo. Lub ntsiab lus yog nyob rau hauv kev tshaj lij hauv kev tshaj xov xwm thiab kev tswj hwm tib neeg, thiab yog tias nws tsis muaj, tom qab ntawd ib lub zej zog twg, txawm tias nws tau tsim los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus zoo tshaj plaws, yuav muaj kev sib cais, uas, qhov tseeb, peb keeb kwm tau hais meej. ua pov thawj.
Thiab nws kuj tau tshwm sim uas qee tus ntawm peb cov kws sau keeb kwm tau tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm qhov tseeb tsis paub rau lwm tus kws sau keeb kwm tias xyoo 1910 muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev taug hauv Fiume (tam sim no yog chaw nres nkoj Zara), uas yuav luag ua rau muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab Austria -Hungary. Hais tias, muaj kev thuam rau tus chij Lavxias, thiab Admiral N. S. Mankovsky tau xaj kom thauj cov phom thiab peb cov neeg tsav nkoj hauv nkoj sib ntaus "Tsarevich" tau pw ntawm lawv ib sab, yam tsis tau hnav khaub ncaws … "Kev hwm tus chij yog tsim nyog ua tsov rog!" - Admiral Essen zoo li tau hais txog txhua qhov no. Tab sis cov ntawv xov xwm "Niva" rau xyoo no, thiab lwm cov ntawv xov xwm Lavxias thiab ntawv xov xwm tsis tau tshaj tawm ib yam dab tsi zoo li ntawd. Tab sis, koj pom, nws pom cov ntawv sau tseg ntawm qee tus neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias, luam tawm hauv Parisian ntawv xov xwm xyoo 1950, thiab yog li ntawd lawv tau ua haujlwm los ua qhov chaw ntawm qhov tseeb rov qab los rau nws!
Tsis zoo li qee tus neeg thuam thuam, tus kws sau keeb kwm tiag, yog nws xav tsim qhov tseeb, ua qhov no: xa qhov kev thov mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog. Hauv qhov no, kev thov rau cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ua rau cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg ntawm Lavxias Navy. Thiab cov ntaub ntawv twg yuav tsum siv los ua lub hauv paus? Ua ntej, los ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm Admiral Mankovsky, uas nws yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm tom qab kev mus ncig, thiab qhov thib ob - thiab qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - los ntawm kev nkag mus hauv phau ntawv teev npe ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Tsesarevich" rau tus lej sib xws. Thiab lawv yuav xa cov ntawv theej ntawm no rau koj (huag, hom lus twg hauv lawv, dab tsi hloov ntawm kev hais lus, dab tsi blots - ci, tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv!). Thiab koj tus kheej yuav pom tias tsis muaj leej twg tsaug zog nyob ntawd, tsis tau hnav khaub ncaws, tsis muaj leej twg qhib lub nkoj caij nkoj, tab sis tsuas yog ob tus neeg qhuas qhuas me ntsis: Austrian tau nrog cov poj niam thiab tsis lees txais peb li, thiab peb tsis lees txais Austrian rov qab. Txhua yam no tau hais ntxaws hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Admiral N. S. Mankovsky mus rau Ministry of Foreign Affairs, thiab tau kawg, tsis muaj lus nug txog ib qho laj thawj twg rau kev ua tub rog tsis sib haum. Nws yog qhov ntxim nyiam dua los nyeem cov nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv teev npe: "peb tau ua khub niam txiv nyob hauv nkoj Tsis muaj 5", tau siv ntau lub poods ntawm zaub qhwv, qos yaj ywm thiab txiv lws suav, tau thov Vajtswv, xuav rau cawv, tos txais cov neeg ua haujlwm sib txawv nrog rab phom tua hluav taws, thiab… TXHUA YAM! Thiab tsuas muaj ib lub nkoj Austrian nyob ntawd, thiab tsis yog ib pab tub rog tag nrho! Tab sis tus kws sau keeb kwm, tau tawm tsam qhov nthuav thiab paub me ntsis, yuav tsum txheeb xyuas nws, tshwj xeeb yog vim nws tsis nyuaj nkag mus rau hauv ib qho kev khaws cia ntawm Internet niaj hnub no. Cov ntawv theej ntawm txhua daim ntawv saum toj no raug nqi tsuas yog 1,450 rubles. Tab sis tsis yog, vim qee qhov nws tsis ua!
Yog li ib tus neeg "deheroes keeb kwm", thiab qee tus neeg ua yeeb yam zoo heev, "yam tsawg kawg ua siab ntev rau cov ntseeg" thiab yog vim li cas, tus neeg txawj ntse yuav tsum nkag siab. Nws tsuas yog thaum xub thawj hauv 74 xyoo lub pendulum ntawm peb keeb kwm tau mus rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, tab sis tam sim no nws ib txwm mus rau lwm qhov, thiab ntxiv rau, nrawm dua, thiab ntau tus tsis nkag siab qhov no thiab saib cov txheej txheem ntuj no ntau dhau. Thiab yog, tau kawg, tab sis nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tawm tsam cov neeg uas, raws li koj xav, cuam tshuam keeb kwm. Tab sis tsuas yog nws yog qhov tsim nyog tsis yog nrog kev pab ntawm kev hais lus phem thiab thov kom raug kaw hauv qab tsab xov xwm kev ua txhaum cai, tab sis raws li nws yuav tsum yog nyob hauv zej zog kev ywj pheej - nrog kev pab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg thiab cov lus pov thawj tau lees paub los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij!
Los ntawm txoj kev, txawm tias Lenin tau sau ntawv tias yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no kom cov neeg paub txhua yam, tuaj yeem txiav txim txhua yam, thiab mus rau txhua yam kev paub (VI Lenin. Soch., Vol. 35, p. 21). Thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm los ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm, ua ntej yuav sau ntawv, yuav xav txog peb zaug txog nws yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau tiam neeg tom ntej tom qab. Tom qab tag nrho, thaum nws tseem tau hais tias txhua tus pej xeem yuav tsum tuag rau lub tebchaws, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg yuav tsum dag rau nws.
