Aviation tiv thaiv tso tsheb hlau luam (ib feem ntawm 17)

Aviation tiv thaiv tso tsheb hlau luam (ib feem ntawm 17)
Aviation tiv thaiv tso tsheb hlau luam (ib feem ntawm 17)

Video: Aviation tiv thaiv tso tsheb hlau luam (ib feem ntawm 17)

Video: Aviation tiv thaiv tso tsheb hlau luam (ib feem ntawm 17)
Video: PolygonJohn - Stream Highlight - Fallout: New California 1 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Hauv 60s, kev tsim kho lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub tank nyob hauv Europe tau txwv heev, uas tau txiav txim siab ob qho los ntawm kev ua tsis tau zoo ntawm lub dav hlau helicopters lawv tus kheej thiab cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo ntawm cov coj ua lub foob pob. Cov tub rog tau ua xyem xyav ntawm lub tsheb tig-tis, uas muaj qhov nrawm qis, ntev thiab ntau yam ntawm kev ya. Qhov muaj peev xwm nqa tau qis ntawm lub dav hlau nyoob hoom qav taub tsis tau tso cai tiv thaiv lub cockpit thiab cov uas muaj kev phom sij tshaj plaws nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab muab lawv nrog riam phom muaj zog. Ib qho ntxiv, thawj coj tiv thaiv lub foob pob hluav taws, tsom rau lub hom phiaj nrog phau ntawv joystick, los ntawm cov lus txib xa mus hla cov xov hlau nyias, tau nyob ntawm qhov kev txawj ntawm tus neeg siv lub hom phiaj, thiab yog li ntawd tsis nrov heev ntawm cov tub rog. Lub dav hlau nyoob hoom qav taub feem ntau yog siv rau kev xa xov sai, tshawb nrhiav, kho cov phom loj thiab tshem cov neeg raug mob.

Thawj qhov ua tau zoo tiv thaiv lub tank European nyoob hoom qav taub tuaj yeem suav tias yog Aerospatiale SA.316В Alouette III, uas xyoo 1967 tau nruab nrog ARX-334 pom kev ruaj khov, SACLOS ib nrab kev qhia tsis siv lub tshuab thiab txhim kho AS.11 Harpon tiv thaiv lub foob pob.

Aviation tiv thaiv tso tsheb hlau luam (ib feem ntawm 17)
Aviation tiv thaiv tso tsheb hlau luam (ib feem ntawm 17)

Txawm li cas los xij, ntau zaus ntau lub nyoob hoom qav taub muaj phom nrog rab phom-rab phom tshuab, rab phom 20-mm thiab Fabkis lossis Asmeskas-ua 68-70-mm NAR tau siv rau kev ua phem. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias "Aluets", raws li txoj cai, tau koom nrog ntau yam kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab uas tsis muaj tsheb tiv thaiv thiab nrog rau huab cua tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua helicopters "Aluet" III ntawm South African Air Force hauv 80s tau siv thaum lub sijhawm ntxeem tau ntawm Angola. Ntsib nrog kev tawm tsam hnyav hauv daim ntawv MANPADS thiab tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm 12, 7, 14, 5, 23 thiab 57-mm caliber thiab Cuban MiG-23 cov neeg tua rog, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm South African helicopters tau yuam kom ua tib zoo, tab sis ob peb Aluets tseem poob rau hauv kev ua siab phem. Txawm hais tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nyoob hoom qav taub ntawm hom no hauv South African Air Force txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 2006, twb nyob hauv nruab nrab-80s lawv tsis kam siv lawv ua cov dav hlau tiv thaiv tank.

SA.319 Alouette III tau tsim los ntawm SA.316. Lub tshuab no, nrog qhov hnyav tshaj qhov hnyav ntawm 2250 kg, tuaj yeem nqa lub nra ntawm 750 kg. Turbomeca Artouste IIIB cav nrog 570 hp tuaj yeem nrawm lub dav hlau mus rau qhov nrawm ntawm 220 km / h. Kev siv dav dav dav dav - txog 540 km.

"Aluet" III tau nrov nrog cov neeg yuav khoom txawv teb chaws. Raws li daim ntawv tso cai tso cai hauv Yugoslavia thiab Romania, lawv tus kheej lub teeb tiv thaiv lub tank qhov siab tau tsim, ua tub rog nrog Malyutka ATGM, 57-mm NAR C-5 thiab rab phom tshuab.

SA tau dhau los ua lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub tank puv puv. 342 Gazelle, nruab nrog ARX-334 gyro-stabilized pom. Lub dav hlau no tau tsim los ntawm Fab Kis lub tuam txhab Aerospatiale hauv kev koom tes nrog British Westland. Cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm kev hloov pauv tiv thaiv lub tank thaum ntxov ntawm SA 342 suav nrog: plaub lub xov tooj coj AS.11 ATGMs, ob lub AS.12 huab cua-rau-hauv av, ob lub NAR ntim ntawm 68, 70 lossis 81-mm caliber, ob rab phom -Caliber tshuab rab phom lossis ib rab phom GIAT hauv 20 hli. Lub foob pob hluav taws AS.12 hnyav 76 kg muaj cov txheej txheem qhia zoo ib yam li AS.11. Nrog rau kev tso tawm ntau txog 7000 m, lub foob pob hluav taws nqa lub taub hau hnyav 28 kg ib rab phom ib nrab. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm UR AS.12 yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hom phiaj nyob ruaj khov hauv av thiab kev tawm tsam cov nkoj ntawm kev hloov chaw me me. Tab sis yog tias tsim nyog, lub foob pob hluav taws no tuaj yeem siv tawm tsam cov tsheb tiv thaiv lossis ua kom tsis muaj zog. Txog qhov no, cov tub rog tau muab cov khoom hloov pauv hloov pauv tau thiab tawg ua ke. Qhov no, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tau txhais tias lub hom phiaj tso tawm ntau ntawm lub tank tau ntau dua li ntawm AS.11 - txheej txheem txheej txheem txheej thaum ub ntawm ntau dua 3000 m muab qhov yuam kev ntau dhau. Ntawm cov qauv tom qab, 4-6 HOT ATGMs nrog ARX-379 gyro-stabilized pom tau ntxiv rau Gazelle cov cuab yeej ua rog.

Lub teeb tiv thaiv lub tank lub dav hlau SA.342 Gazelle tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm ntau lub hom phiaj nyoob hoom qav taub SA. 341 zoo. Lub nyoob hoom qav taub sib txawv los ntawm tus thawj ntawm Astazou XIV GTE nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 640 kV thiab ob qhov nyuaj rau tso riam phom. Hauv tag nrho, ntau dua 200 "Gazelles" tau tsim, nruab nrog ATGM "Kub". Tus yam ntxwv ntawm "Gazelles" ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov kho yog lub taub rotor ntawm hom "fenestron" nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.695 m, nrog rau qhov txuas nruj ntawm cov hniav. Nws tau teeb tsa nyob rau hauv ib qho kab rov tav ntsug kab.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua "Gazelles" nyiam ua tiav hauv ntiaj teb kev lag luam caj npab. Xyoo 70s lig - thaum ntxov 80s, hais txog tus nqi zoo, lub tsheb no tsis muaj ntau tus neeg sib tw. Thaum ntxov 80s rau lub nyoob hoom qav taub nruab nrog ATGM, lawv tau thov txog $ 250,000. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ya dav hlau yog 310 km / h, caij nkoj ceev yog 265 km / h. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hluav taws xob ntawm kev ua - 280 km. Hais txog kev tswj hwm lub zog, Gazelle tau zoo dua Asmeskas Cobra thiab Soviet Mi-24. Txawm li cas los xij, Fabkis lub nyoob hoom qav taub yuav luag tsis muaj cov cuab yeej siv, hauv qhov no, cov kws tsav dav hlau yuav tsum ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lub cev thiab cov kaus mom hlau titanium. Tab sis "Gazelle" nrog ATGM los ntawm qhov pib tsis suav tias yog kev tawm tsam dav hlau. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tsim cov tswv yim tsim nyog. Lub nyoob hoom qav taub, tom qab kuaj pom cov tsheb tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab, siv thaj av tsis sib xws thiab cov chaw nyob ntuj tsim teb raug, yuav tsum tau txav mus ze nws, thiab tom qab pib ntawm ATGM, thim sai li sai tau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg vim qhov quav ntawm thaj av nrog luv luv (20-30 s) nce kom tso ATGM thiab ya ntawm qhov siab ntawm 20-25 m. tso tsheb hlau luam txav mus rau lub peb hlis ntuj raws li ib feem ntawm kab lus, nws tau xav tias yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam.

Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv lub tank HOT (fr. Haut subsonique Optiquement teleguide tyre d'un Tube-uas tuaj yeem txhais ua "Optically guided subsonic missile launched from a container pipe"), tsim los ntawm Franco-German consortium Euromissile, nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam 1975.

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Kev khaws thiab tso tawm ntawm cov hlau coj los tiv thaiv lub tank yog nqa tawm los ntawm lub thawv ntim cov iav fiberglass. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub thawv ntim nrog ATGM yog 29 kg. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws yog 23.5 kg. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso tawm ntau yog 4000 m. Ntawm txoj hauv kev, ATGM txhim kho qhov nrawm txog 260 m / s. Raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov ntaub ntawv, lub taub hau sib sau hnyav 5 kg muaj peev xwm ib txwm nkag mus rau 800 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej sib xyaw ua ke, thiab ntawm lub rooj sib tham lub kaum sab xis ntawm 65 °, cov tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej nkag mus yog 300 hli. Tab sis hauv ntau qhov peev txheej, tshaj tawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov cuab yeej raug suav tias yog qhov ntau dhau.

Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev taw qhia lub foob pob hluav taws, tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum txuas ntxiv ua kom lub ntsej muag pom ntawm qhov muag pom ntawm lub hom phiaj, thiab IR cov kab ke taug qab qhia cov foob pob hluav taws tom qab pib ntawm lub hom phiaj. Thaum ATGM sib txawv ntawm txoj kab kev sib tw, cov lus txib uas tsim los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tau xa los ntawm xaim mus rau lub rooj tsav dav hlau. Cov lus txib tau txais yog txiav txim siab ntawm lub nkoj thiab xa mus rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv vector. Txhua qhov kev qhia ua haujlwm foob pob hluav taws ntawm lub hom phiaj tau ua tiav.

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ATGM "Kub" tau txais yuav hauv 19 lub tebchaws. Txij li thaum pib tsim cov khoom lag luam, kwv yees li 85,000 qhov muag tau muag. Ntau tshaj 700 lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua tau nruab nrog ATGM no. Txij li xyoo 1998, kev tsim kho ntawm qhov sib txawv, xaiv HOT-3, tau tab tom ua. Qhov kev hloov kho no nrog ntau qhov kev tshaj tawm txog li 4300 m tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tshiab los tiv thaiv-jamming bispectral taug qab thiab nqa lub taub hau sib ntaus sib tua nrog lub laser fuse thiab tua hluav taws ua ntej, uas muab kev nce ntxiv hauv lub sijhawm ncua ntawm qhov tawg ntawm cov nqi kom kov yeej. kev tiv thaiv zoo

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SA.342F Gazelle nrog plaub lub foob pob kub kub nkag mus ua haujlwm hauv Fabkis xyoo 1979. Kev hloov kho ntawm SA.342L tau raug xa tawm. Kev ruaj ntseg ATGM cov lus qhia ua haujlwm tau nruab nrog lub qhov muag pom saum toj ntawm lub cockpit. Hloov kho dua tshiab ntawm Gazelle HOT / Viviane tau txais HOT-3 ATGMs tshiab.

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Anti-tank "Gazelles" tau ua haujlwm nyob hauv ntau dua 30 lub tebchaws, feem ntau yog "tsim". Kev cai raus dej ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm Iraqi SA.342L tau tshwm sim thaum Iran-Iraq tsov rog. Lub Gazelles ua ke nrog Mi-25 (xa tawm ntawm Mi-24D) tau tawm tsam Iran pab tub rog. Tab sis kev tawm tswv yim ntawm kev siv Soviet thiab Fab Kis tsim cov dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua tau txawv. Kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab nrawm dua Mi-25 feem ntau yog muab kev txhawb nqa hluav taws, tua 57-hli tsis siv C-5 foob pob hluav taws ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Txawm hais tias Phalanx thiab Kub cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub tank muaj kwv yees li ib puag ncig ntawm kev tshaj tawm thiab foob pob dav hlau nrawm, cov neeg Iraqis nyiam cov cuab yeej qhia ntawm Fab Kis nyuaj dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, Fab Kis ATGM muaj kev nkag tau zoo rau tej cuab yeej. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau lub hauv paus hais tias Kub kub ntawm thawj koob muaj teeb meem kev ntseeg tau. Txij li SA.342 Gazelle tsis tau npog los ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab tuaj yeem raug ntaus yooj yim txawm tias muaj caj npab me me, Gazelle cov neeg ua haujlwm, thaum twg los xij, tau sim tso cov cuaj luaj thaum nyob saum qhov chaw ntawm lawv tus kheej cov tub rog lossis hla thaj chaw nruab nrab sab nraum ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.

Xyoo 1977, Syria tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus rau kev yuav 30 SA-342K Gazelle nrog qub AS-11 ATGM. Xyoo 1979, tau txais 16 ntau lub SA-342Ls, nruab nrog HOT cov cuaj luaj thiab cov txheej txheem qhia tau zoo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, los ntawm kev ua tsov rog xyoo 1982, cov neeg Syrians muaj pab tub rog caij dav hlau SA-342K / L, suav nrog peb pab tub rog.

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Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1982, Israel Cov Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv tau pib Ua Haujlwm Kev Thaj Yeeb rau Galilee hauv Lebanon. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov neeg Israel yog kom tshem tawm cov kev tawm tsam ntawm PLO nyob rau sab qab teb Lebanon. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Israeli cov lus txib vam tias Syria yuav tsis cuam tshuam txog kev ua phem. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ib feem ntawm cov tub rog Syrian niaj hnub tau koom nrog hauv qhov kev tsis sib haum, kev sib cav ntawm cov neeg Ixayees thiab cov Palestinians tau ploj mus rau tom qab.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm pab pawg Syrian, uas tau ua tsis tau zoo nyob rau tus lej rau pawg Israeli, yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv ua ntej. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg Israel tau nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Israeli thev naus laus zis tau thaiv feem ntau ntawm txoj kev raws qhov kev tawm tsam tau ua. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, muab cov av nyuaj, "Gazelles" ua tub rog nrog ATGMs yuav luag zoo tagnrho. Kev txiav txim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, thawj qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub tank tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Rau Hli 8 hauv thaj chaw ntawm Mount Jebel Sheikh. Rau ob peb hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, raws li Syrian cov ntaub ntawv, Gazelles, uas ya ntau dua 100 qhov kev xaiv, tswj kom tshem tawm 95 chav ntawm cov cuab yeej siv Israeli, suav nrog 71 tso tsheb hlau luam. Lwm qhov chaw muab cov duab muaj tseeb ntau ntxiv: kwv yees li 30 lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam, suav nrog Merkava, Magah 5 thiab Magah 6, 5 M113 cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tub rog, 3 lub tsheb thauj khoom, 2 rab phom loj, 9 M-151 jeeps thiab 5 lub tankers. Nws tsis paub tias cov dav hlau tub rog nrog AS-11 ATGMs tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus, lossis seb txhua yam cuab yeej siv Israeli raug ntaus los ntawm Kub cuaj luaj. Txawm hais tias lawv tus kheej tau poob, Gazelle tiv thaiv lub dav hlau helicopters hauv xyoo 1982 ua tsov rog, txawm tias tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab loj li Israel, ua pov thawj tias nws zoo heev.

Nyob rau hauv lem, cov neeg Ixayees thov 12 rhuav tshem Gazelles. Qhov poob ntawm plaub SA-342s tau sau tseg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ob lub nyoob hoom qav taub tau tsaws thaum muaj xwm ceev hauv thaj chaw uas cov tub rog Ixayees nyob, thiab tom qab ntawd raug tshem tawm, rov kho dua thiab siv rau hauv Israeli Air Force.

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Keeb kwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua siv Gazelles tsis tau xaus qhov ntawd. Syrian SA-342, txawm hais tias lawv muaj hnub nyoog laus dua, tau siv thaum ua tsov rog. Coj mus rau hauv tus account 15 helicopters ntxiv rau yuav hauv 1984, kwv yees li 30 lub tshuab tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam raws li xyoo 2012.

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Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2014, tsoomfwv Syrian lub xeev tshaj tawm xov xwm tau tshaj tawm tias Gazelles muaj riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau koom nrog tiv thaiv Tabka airbase. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tau hais txog lawv txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo. Muaj qhov yuav tshwm sim siab tias Syrian Air Force tseem muaj Gazelles hauv kev ya davhlau. Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias SA-342, yuav los ntawm Syria 40 xyoo dhau los, tau dhau los ua qhov kev yuav khoom tau zoo.

Nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm 70s, Yugoslavia yuav thawj pawg 21 SA.341H qhov siab los ntawm Fabkis. Tom qab ntawd, cov nyoob hoom qav taub no tau tsim los ntawm daim ntawv tso cai ntawm lub tuam txhab thiab SOKO lub tuam txhab hauv Mostar (132 lub dav hlau tau tsim). Xyoo 1982, kev sib sau ua ke ntawm SA.342L kev hloov kho tau pib hauv Yugoslavia (kwv yees li 100 lub nyoob hoom qav taub tau tsim).

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Tsis zoo li Fab Kis Gazelles, cov nyoob hoom qav taub ua hauv Yugoslavia tau ua tub rog nrog plaub lub Soviet Malyutka ATGMs. Piv rau AS.11 thiab TSIS yog cov foob pob hluav taws, Soviet ATGM yog qhov yooj yim dua thiab kev xaiv nyiaj txiag ntau dua. Tab sis "Tus Me Nyuam" muaj qhov tso tawm luv luv thiab nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej phem. Hauv 90s, "Gazelles" tau siv thaum muaj kev tawm tsam hauv thaj tsam yav dhau los Yugoslavia, thaum ntau lub tsheb raug tua los ntawm MANPADS thiab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.

Nrog rau Soviet Mi-24 thiab American Cobra, Gazelle anti-tank helicopter tau dhau los ua ib qho uas nquag siv hauv kev sib ntaus. Xyoo 1980s, Lebanese Air Force helicopters tau koom tes nrog hauv kev ua tsov rog. Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sijhawm, 24 Moroccan SA-342Ls tau tawm tsam cov tsheb tiv thaiv ntawm Polisario Front units. Nws ntseeg tias Gazelle cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau sab hnub poob Sahara tswj tau rhuav tshem 18 T-55 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab txog peb lub tsheb. Xyoo 1990, Fab Kis tau xa 9 SA.342M rau tsoomfwv Rwandan. Xyoo 1992, thaum muaj kev sib cav sib ceg, cov dav hlau tau tawm tsam txoj haujlwm ntawm Rwandan Patriotic Front. Rwandan Gazelles tau tsoo cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1992, cov neeg coob coob ntawm ib lub nyoob hoom qav taub, thaum muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom tiv thaiv ntawm RPF, tau tswj kom rhuav tshem rau lub tsheb tiv thaiv.

Yuav luag ib txhij nrog Fab Kis "Gazelle" hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, lub tuam txhab Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm tau tsim Bo 105 lub dav hlau. Sab nrauv, tshwj tsis yog "Fenestron", nws zoo li "Gazelle". Lub dav hlau nyoob hoom qav taub tau ua raws li cov phiaj xwm ib leeg-rotor, nrog tus tw tw rotor thiab cov cuab yeej caij ski. Tab sis tsis zoo li SA.342, nws yog lub cav ntxaib cav nrog Allison 250-C20B turboshaft gas turbine cav nrog lub zog nqa ntawm 313 kW txhua. Yog tias ib lub cav tsis ua haujlwm, lwm qhov yog hloov mus rau kev ua haujlwm xwm txheej ceev, uas tso cai rau koj rov qab mus rau koj lub tshav dav hlau. Ua tsaug rau lub zog muaj zog ntau dua, Vo 105 tuaj yeem nqa lub nra ntau dua piv rau Gazelle, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws nqa ntawm lub dav hlau German yog 250 kg ntau dua thiab ntau txog 2500 kg. Cov ntaub ntawv ya davhlau ntawm German lub dav hlau tau hloov pauv mus rau qhov siab heev. Qhov siab tshaj plaws - 270 km / h, caij nkoj ceev - 240 km / h. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hluav taws xob ntawm kev ua - ntau dua 300 km. Kev sib ntaus sib tua - 456 kg.

Thawj lub davhlau ntawm Bo 105 tau tshwm sim rau Lub Ob Hlis 16, 1967, thiab xyoo 1970 kev tsim cov tshuab txuas tau pib. Lub nyoob hoom qav taub muaj lub peev xwm ua tau zoo heev, uas lub tuam txhab tsim khoom tsis poob siab kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, tshaj tawm Bo 105 ntawm kev qhia huab cua. Thaum lub dav hlau ua qauv qhia, lub tshuab hnyav heev ua haujlwm los ntawm cov kws paub txog kev ua haujlwm aerobatics. Nws tau sau tseg tias Sab Hnub Poob German lub dav hlau muaj qhov nce siab ntau, thiab kev ua haujlwm dhau los yog 3.5G.

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Xyoo 1975, Bundeswehr cov lus txib txiav txim kom 212 tiv thaiv lub tank Bo 105 PAH-1 helicopters nrog ATGM TSIS. Ntawm qhov kev hloov kho tshiab tiv thaiv lub tank Bo 105 PAH-1A1 nrog ATGM NOT-2, Fab Kis pom thiab saib xyuas lub hom phiaj SLIM tau teeb tsa, nrog TV thiab IR raws thiab lub laser rangefinder. Qhov txawv tshaj plaws sab nrauv txawv ntawm qhov hloov kho tshiab yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntim yas ntawm ATGM.

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Pib xyoo 2007, German tiv thaiv lub tank Bo 105 tau pib hloov zuj zus los ntawm qhov tseeb Tsov rog tawm tsam helicopters. Cov tsheb uas tsim nyog rau kev siv ntxiv tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev tshem cov khoom pom thiab tshawb nrhiav. Kev siv Vo 105 raws li kev txawj ntse thiab cov neeg lis haujlwm sib txuas hauv cov tub rog ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Lub Tebchaws Yelemees txuas ntxiv mus txog rau xyoo 2016.

Ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv lub foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv lub tank, ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, VO 105 tuaj yeem nruab nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm 7, 62-12, rab phom tshuab 7-mm, 20-mm cannons thiab NAR blocks. Kev xa tawm ntawm cov dav hlau tiv thaiv tank tau nqa los ntawm 1978 txog 1984. Qhov kawg ntawm 80s, tus nqi ntawm Bo 105 PAH-1A1 anti-tank helicopter nyob rau txawv teb chaws lag luam yog $ 2 lab.

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Kev sib xyaw ntawm kev ua tub rog thiab avionics ntawm cov tsheb xa khoom tuaj yeem sib txawv heev los ntawm German version. Vim yog qhov tsis yog ATGM muaj teeb meem nrog kev ntseeg tau, ntau tus neeg yuav khoom txawv teb chaws nyiam Asmeskas TOW tiv thaiv lub foob pob.

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Txawm hais tias kev hloov pauv riam phom ntawm Bo 105 tau muab rau ob lub teb chaws kaum ob, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau txog kev sib ntaus sib tua siv lub nyoob hoom qav taub. Txawm li cas los xij, muab qhov tseeb tias Bo 105 tau ua haujlwm los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov xeev xws li Iraq, Sudan, Colombia, Peru thiab South Africa, nws tuaj yeem xav tias cov dav hlau uas tsim los ntawm German tseem muaj sijhawm los tawm tsam.

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Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1991, lub dav hlau tua hluav taws Iraqi raug tua los ntawm Asmeskas A-10A lub dav hlau tua. Nws ntseeg tau zoo txog kev siv Bo 105 ntawm Mexican Navy hauv kev ua haujlwm txhawm rau cuam tshuam rau lub nkoj ceev uas cov neeg muag yeeb tshuaj tau xa cov yeeb dawb mus rau Tebchaws Meskas. Sab Qab Teb Kauslim cov dav hlau tua rog, nyeg, tau tua hluav taws nrog North Kauslim cov nkoj me. Qhov xwm txheej zaum kawg cuam tshuam nrog Vo 105 tau tshwm sim hauv lub peev ntawm Venezuela, Caracas thaum Lub Rau Hli 27, 2017. Tom qab ntawd tus kws tsav dav hlau ntawm tub ceev xwm hijacked tau tsoo lub Tsev Hais Plaub Loj.

Hauv thawj xyoo tom qab ua tsov rog xyoo nyob rau tebchaws Great Britain, tau saib xyuas me ntsis rau kev tsim cov tshuab tig-tis. Tej zaum tsuas yog lub tuam txhab uas tau ua tiag nrog cov dav hlau dav hlau hauv tebchaws Askiv yog Westland. Lub tuam txhab no, tau tsim hauv xyoo 1915, tau tsim ntau dua 20 tus qauv ntawm lub dav hlau rau ntau lub hom phiaj ua ntej yuav hloov npe xyoo 1961 hauv Westland Helicopters. Hauv 60s, Westland tau mob siab rau nws txoj kev rau siab txhim kho thiab tsim cov dav hlau helicopters. Thaum xub thawj, daim ntawv tso cai ua ke ntawm Asmeskas S-51 thiab S-55 tsim los ntawm Sikorsky tau ua tiav ntawm lub tuam txhab cov chaw tsim khoom. Mi-1 thiab Mi-4 tuaj yeem suav tias yog Soviet cov koom tes ntawm cov tshuab no. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm qhov pib ntawm 60s, nws tau pom meej tias cov nyoob hoom qav taub uas siv lub nyoob hoom qav taub tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau niaj hnub no. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Westland tsim chaw lis haujlwm hauv Yeovil pib tsim ntau lub hom phiaj rotorcraft tsim los rau kev thauj mus los, kev khiav tawm ntawm cov neeg raug mob, kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txhawb nqa hluav taws. Lub nyoob hoom qav taub nrog cov neeg coob ntawm ob tus neeg yuav tsum tau muab kev thauj mus los ntawm xya tus paratroopers, ntawm kev caij nkoj tsawg kawg 250 km. Qhov ntau, nyob ntawm qhov loj me ntawm kev thauj khoom, yog 65 - 280 km. Kev txhim kho lub tshuab cog lus tau qeeb qeeb vim yog kev koom tes ntawm Westland cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev tsim Fabkis-Askiv Gazelle thiab Puma helicopters. Thaum xub thawj, lub nyoob hoom qav taub Lynx (Lynx) kuj tau tsim ua ke nrog Fab Kis lub tuam txhab Aérospatiale. Los ntawm qhov pib, ob txoj kev xaiv tau tsim: naval thiab rau hauv av rog. Tab sis xyoo 1969, Fab Kis, txaus siab heev rau Gazelle, tau tso tseg qhov kev txiav txim siab rau qhov kev soj ntsuam qhov nyoob hoom qav taub. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm nrawm, thiab thawj lub davhlau ntawm tsab ntawv tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Peb Hlis 21, 1971. Lynx qhov kev sim tau nyuaj txaus. Ntawm thawj plaub tus qauv, ob leeg raug mob hnyav hauv kev sib tsoo. Txawm hais tias tsis ntev tom qab pib qhov kev sim, nws muaj peev xwm tsim kev nrawm ntau dua 300 km / h hauv kab rov tav, ntev ntev ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog qib siab ntawm kev co hauv dav hlau ntawm qhov nrawm dua 100 km / teev.

Lynx AH. Mk 1 lub dav hlau ntau lub hom phiaj rau pab tub rog Askiv tau tawm thaum lub Plaub Hlis 12, 1972. Lub tshuab fais fab, suav nrog ib khub ntawm Rolls-Royce Gem 2 lub cav turboshaft nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 900 hp, muab lub davhlau siab tshaj plaws ntawm 306 km / h. Kev ceev ceev - 259 km / h.

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Txawm hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm Lynx yog qhov zoo ib yam, lub dav hlau muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo heev thiab muaj peev xwm hloov kho tshiab. Cov neeg Askiv tau tswj hwm los tsim lub tsheb thauj mus los zoo heev. Lub nyoob hoom qav taub nrog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws nqa tawm ntawm 4535 kg tuaj yeem nqa hauv nkoj 900 kg thauj lossis thauj 1360 kg ntawm sab nraud. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm qhov ua tau tshaj 300 km. Cov neeg caij tsheb nyob hauv tsev muaj 9 tus tub rog nrog riam phom lossis 3 dag raug mob nrog cov neeg nrog. Hauv qhov kev tawm tsam, lub nyoob hoom qav taub tuaj yeem nqa ob rab phom 20-mm nrog rab phom tag nrho ntawm 570 puag ncig, 12, 7 thiab 7, rab phom tshuab 62-mm, ob lub 68-70-mm NAR blocks, 8 BGM-71 TOW lossis HOT ATGMs. Plaub lub ATGM lub foob pob hluav taws tau nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm lub thawv thauj khoom, thiab Asmeskas M65 gyro-ruaj khov pom nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub dav hlau lub dav hlau.

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Kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv lub tank AH. Mk 1 hauv pab tub rog Askiv Rhine pib thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1978. Tsis ntev "Lynx" muab tag nrho Scout AH. Mk 1, ua tub rog nrog ATGM AS.11. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm Lynx, muaj riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank, yog kev thauj cov mos txwv tso rau hauv lub thawv thauj khoom, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm thauj khoom tau sai los ntawm cov neeg coob.

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Xyoo 1988, cov khoom siv Lynx AH. Mk 7 lub dav hlau nyoob hoom qav taub rau pab tub rog pib. Lub nyoob hoom qav taub tau nruab nrog ob lub Rolls-Royce Gem Mk 42-1 cov cav siv roj cav nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1120 hp thiab kev xa xov tshiab. Tib lub sijhawm, tsuas yog 5 lub tsheb tau tsim los ntawm kos, qhov seem tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev hloov kho yav tas los. Thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov dav hlau niaj hnub no, tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom txo qis kev co thiab suab nrov hauv lub cockpit. Txog qhov no, lub damper tau teeb tsa ntawm AH. Mk 7 tus qauv txhawm rau ua kom cov oscillations tsim los ntawm lub ntsiab rotor thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm tus tw rotor tau thim rov qab. Txhawm rau txo qhov pom kev hauv thaj tsam infrared, ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm lub tog raj nrog lub fuselage, cov tshuab tshwj xeeb tau teeb tsa ntawm lub qhov tso pa ntawm lub cav. Tam sim no lub dav hlau ntawm cov pa tso pa kub tau muab pov rau hauv huab cua loj dua, thiab lawv qhov kub tau poob qis. Cov avionics suav nrog kev saib xyuas thiab pom lub ntsej muag nrog lub koob yees duab infrared thiab qib qis hauv TV. Qhov no tau nce qhov muaj peev xwm sib ntaus ntawm lub dav hlau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv huab cua tsis zoo thiab thaum tsaus ntuj.

Xyoo 1989, Lynx AH. Mk 9 tau pib nkag mus rau pawg tub rog thib ob ntawm cov tub rog thib 9 ntawm pab tub rog tub rog zaum 24. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm AH Mk 9 yog los tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv cov tsheb. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm AH Mk 9 yog kev siv cov cuab yeej tshiab muaj zog dua qub ntawm cov txheej txheem nqa khoom thiab lub log uas tsis thim rov qab. Tag nrho 16 lub dav hlau tshiab tau tsim, thiab lwm 8 tau hloov pauv los ntawm AH Mk 7. Ib yam li cov qauv yav dhau los, lub ntsiab tiv thaiv lub tank loj ntawm AH Mk 9 yog TOW ATGM. Kuj tseem muaj ntau lub nyoob hoom qav taub nruab nrog HOT-2 thiab Hellfire cuaj luaj.

Kev hloov kho tom ntej yog Lynx AH.9A nrog 1362 hp LHTEC CTS800-4N yuam lub cav. thiab nrog avionics ntawm AW159 Lynx Wildcat qhov siab. Ua tsaug rau qhov sib zog nce mus rau qhov hnyav sib piv, cov ntaub ntawv dav hlau tau txhim kho zoo dua, thiab cov ntsuas ntsuas tau hloov pauv los ntawm cov xim ntau yam. Kev xa khoom ntawm 22 AH.9A helicopters tau ua tiav thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2011. Ntxiv rau kev tsav dav hlau, ntau lub tsheb nkag mus rau Navy rau kev txhawb nqa hluav taws ntawm Royal Marines. Ntawm kwv yees li 470 Lynx tau tsim, tsuas yog kwv yees li 150 lub nyoob hoom qav taub tau npaj rau kev tsav dav hlau, thiab tsis yog txhua tus tau nruab nrog ATGMs thiab pom thiab tshawb nrhiav cov cuab yeej. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyoob hoom qav taub tau tsim hauv cov qauv tub rog.

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Xyoo 1991, Askiv tiv thaiv lub tank Lynxes tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam Saddam Hussein cov tub rog. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv Askiv, 24 lub dav hlau tau koom nrog hauv lub tuam txhab. Lawv ua haujlwm hauv Kuwait thiab sab qab teb Iraq. Ua tau me ntsis ntau dua 100 qhov kev sib tw, Lynxes tau rhuav tshem plaub lub T-55 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab ob lub MT-LB cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov tsheb laij teb tiv thaiv lub tank. Xyoo 2003, Lynx AH.7 lub dav hlau helicopters tau muab kev pab tua hluav taws rau pab pawg sib koom hauv Iraq, tab sis lawv tsis tau ua tiav kev sib ntaus. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 6, 2006, Lynx AH.7 nrog tus lej XZ6140 tau raug tua los ntawm MANPADS foob pob ua ntxaij hla Basra, raws li lwm qhov chaw, lub nyoob hoom qav taub tau poob vim yog raug ntaus los ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws uas tau siv los ntawm RPG-7.. Hauv tib 2006, Askiv "Txuas" tau xa mus rau Afghanistan. Lub Plaub Hlis 26, 2014, Lynx AH.9A, suav ZF540, tsoo ze Kandahar. Tag nrho tsib tus neeg nyob hauv nkoj tau tuag, tsis muaj xov xwm txaus ntseeg txog qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov poob ntawm lub nyoob hoom qav taub. Hauv kev ua siab phem, Lynx qhov tsis muaj zog tau nthuav tawm txawm tias raug rho tawm los ntawm caj npab me, uas, txawm li cas los xij, yog qhov kwv yees tau zoo rau lub dav hlau tsis tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cuab yeej.

Nyob rau tag nrho, Lynx tau dhau los ua lub tshuab zoo heev, thiab nyob rau xyoo 70s lig, tom qab tshem tawm ntawm "menyuam yaus mob", nws zoo li tsim nyog tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm lwm qhov kev thauj mus los thoob ntiaj teb thiab tua lub dav hlau. Lub tsheb Askiv tau sawv tawm rau nws lub davhlau nrawm, kev ua haujlwm zoo, muaj peev xwm nqa tau thiab ya dav hlau. Tab sis piv rau Asmeskas UH-1, German Bo 105, Fab Kis Aluets thiab Gazelles, Askiv lub dav hlau nyoob hoom qav taub ntau dua. Vim li no, cov neeg siv khoom siv nyiaj tsawg tau xaiv lub teeb thiab lub tsheb pheej yig dua raws li lub dav hlau tiv thaiv tank. Ib qho ntxiv, nws yuav tsis raug txiav txim siab Lynx tsis muaj tub rog ua lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua puv ntoob.

Txog rau ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1980s, tau muaj ob lub nyoob hoom qav taub tiag tiag hauv ntiaj teb, nrog ntau lossis tsawg dua cov yam ntxwv sib npaug ntawm lub zog tua hluav taws, kev tiv thaiv, nrawm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo: Soviet Mi-24 thiab American AN-1 Cobra. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau lub tebchaws xav tias yuav tsum tau siv lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub tank pheej yig, thiab yog li ntawd lub teeb pom kev zoo, tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv lossis feem ntau cov tsheb tsis muaj tub rog tau siv hauv txoj haujlwm no. Ntxiv rau qhov tau hais dhau los Aluets, Gazelles, Bo 105 thiab Lynxes, Hughes Model 500 Defender tau nrov nyob hauv cov tebchaws Asmeskas. Lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua lub teeb no tau tsim los ntawm cov qauv pej xeem Hughes 500, tus qauv ntawm qhov uas, tig los, yog lub teeb ntau lub hom phiaj OH-6A Cayuse. "Keyus" yog thawj lub hom phiaj rau kev saib xyuas, kev soj ntsuam thiab kev hloov kho ntawm rab phom loj. Hauv kev tsim ntawm lub dav hlau nyoob hoom qav taub, tau tsom mus rau qhov loj, poob-zoo li ob-lub rooj iav cockpit, uas muab kev pom zoo rau cov neeg coob. Txhawm rau txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb, qee lub tsheb tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv kev ua tub rog ntawm AH-6C. Cov nyoob hoom qav taub no nqa 6-barreled 7, 62-mm tshuab phom thiab 70-mm NAR blocks.

Tus nqi pheej yig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo Hughes helicopters nyiam ua tiav hauv kev ua lag luam. Rau cov neeg yuav khoom, Hughes Model 500 tau tsim, uas txawv ntawm OH-6 hauv qhov muaj zog dua Allison 250-C18A cav nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 317 hp. nrog., nce roj ntxiv thiab hloov kho cov cuab yeej hauv nkoj. Raws li Hughes Model 500, lub teeb ua tub rog lub dav hlau Model 500D Defender (OH-6D Super Scout) tau tsim. Nws cov cuab yeej ua rog suav nrog plaub lub foob pob 70-mm NAR ntawm 70 mm lub peev xwm lossis ob lub kaum ib-rab phom thiab ob lub ntim nrog rau-rab phom M-134 tshuab rab phom ntawm 7, 62-mm lossis 40-mm grenade launchers. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 430 kg. Hauv lwm qhov ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov foob pob hluav taws tau muab tso rau ntawm ib sab, thiab ntawm lwm lub thawv nrog rab phom 12, 7-mm lossis rab phom 20-mm. Muab cov riam phom tseem ceeb tso rau sab nraud ua rau muaj kev poob qis hauv cov ntaub ntawv dav hlau - nrawm thiab ntau. Yog li ntawd, hauv tus qauv txheej txheem, cov cuab yeej ua rog tau nyob ntawm tsuas yog ob lub node sab nraud.

Qhov ntim sab hauv ntawm Tus Tiv Thaiv lub cockpit tau txwv heev, uas tiv thaiv kev teeb tsa ntawm ATGM cov cuab yeej kev qhia, thiab nqa lub peev xwm ntawm lub dav hlau nws tus kheej tsis tso cai siv NAR ib txhij, siv lub tshuab rab phom loj thiab siv cov foob pob los tiv thaiv lub tank. Xyoo 1976, kev hloov pauv ntawm Tus Qauv 500 TOW Tus Tiv Thaiv tau tshwm sim, Asmeskas M65 gyro-stabilized pom tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub qhov ntswg sab nraud ntawm lub cockpit, thiab plaub TOW ATGMs ntawm sab nraud.

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Lub nyoob hoom qav taub nrog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws nqa ntawm 1360 kg tuaj yeem tsim hauv dav dav dav dav - 257 km / h. Kev ceev ceev - 236 km / h. Kev sib ntaus sib tua rau lub tsheb ntawm chav kawm no tseem ceeb heev - ntau dua 300 km. Lub nyoob hoom qav taub tau yooj yim heev rau ya thiab muaj kev ua tau zoo heev thiab nce qib siab (8.5 m / s). Qhov tsis muaj cov cuab yeej ua rog yog ib nrab ua los ntawm qhov me me geometrical qhov ntev thiab cov yam ntxwv uas tswj tau. Thaum siv nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv lub tank, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm Tus Tiv Thaiv tau ze rau ntawm Cobra ua tub rog nrog Tou ATGM. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Tus Qauv 500 TOW Defender raug nqi ib nrab ntau thiab kwv yees kwv yees nyiam cov neeg siv khoom txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txog 500 lub nyoob hoom qav taub tau tsim, tab sis pes tsawg ntawm lawv tau nyob rau hauv qhov kev tiv thaiv tank version tsis paub.

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Kev hloov kho riam phom ntawm Qauv 500 lub dav hlau helicopters tau siv hauv ntau qhov kev tsov kev rog hauv zos. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws, qhov uas Tus Tiv Thaiv tau siv nrog ATGM, yog xyoo 1982 Israeli kev sib tw lub caij ntuj sov. Peb lub kaum os Tus Qauv 500 TOW Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv tau txais los ntawm Israeli Air Force xyoo 1979. Txog xyoo 1982, cov neeg ua haujlwm Israeli tau ua tiav lawv cov tsheb sib ntaus zoo. Israeli anti-tank "Defenders" tau siv tawm tsam Syrian cov tub rog tiv thaiv tsheb nrog rau kev tiv thaiv ntau dua los ntawm kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tua hluav taws AH-1S. Los ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev ua phem rau hauv Israeli Air Force, "Defenders" nruab nrog ATGMs yuav luag ob zaug ntau npaum li "Cobras".

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Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog caij dav hlau Israeli tau tshaj tawm txoj kev swb ntawm 50 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, tsheb sib tua tub rog thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog. Tib lub sijhawm, ntau dua 130 qhov kev xaiv tau ua tiav. Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev tawm tsam rau txhua hom tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tsis paub meej tias Israeli cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais tsuas yog coj mus rau hauv tus lej lossis seb peb tab tom tham txog cov tsheb tiv thaiv uas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Nws tau paub tias thaum sib ntaus hauv Lebanon muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm ATGM "Tou" tsoo lub taub hau ntawm Syrian T-72 tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv sab xub ntiag tsis raug tsoo.

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Hauv kev ua yeeb ncuab, ob qhov ua tau zoo thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm Cov Tiv Thaiv tau nthuav tawm. Ua tsaug rau kev ua kom zoo dua qub, lub dav hlau nyoob hoom qav taub tau nrawm dua li cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv Cobras los tuav txoj kab kev tawm tsam. Piv rau "Cobra", kev ya ntawm qhov chaw qis heev nrog ib puag ncig tsis sib xws ntawm "Defender" tau yooj yim dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub nyoob hoom qav taub tau yooj yim los tswj nyob rau hauv hom yuj los yog thaum ua haujlwm ntawm kev nrawm. "Tus tiv thaiv" tuaj yeem txav mus ib sab thiab sab nraub qaum dawb. Nws tau raug sau tseg tias lub sijhawm thiab tus nqi ntawm kev npaj Tus Qauv 500 rau rov ya dav hlau yog qhov tsawg dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov muaj kev pheej hmoo siab los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj tau tshwm sim. Qhov tsis muaj cov cuab yeej ua rog thiab cov kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb los ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus muaj sia nyob cuam tshuam rau qib kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau txog tus naj npawb ntawm Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv poob thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev tawm tsam, tom qab xyoo 1982, 6 lub tsheb ntxiv tau yuav ntxiv. Thaj, yog vim li cas rau qhov poob ntawm Model 500 TOW Defender hauv Israeli Air Force tsis yog tsuas yog kev ua ntawm Syrian huab cua tiv thaiv. Vim tias muaj qee qhov zoo sib xws ntawm "Tus Tiv Thaiv" rau "Gazelle", cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv dav hlau teeb tsa ntawm cov koog uas yav tas los tau tawm tsam los ntawm Syrian anti-tank helicopters qhib "phooj ywg hluav taws" ntawm Israeli helicopters ob peb zaug. Yog li, ib tus neeg tiv thaiv Israeli tau raug mob hnyav los ntawm kev tawg ua lub plhaub tawg los ntawm rab phom Merkava. Lub plhaub tau tawg, tsoo pob zeb ib sab uas tus hneev taw hovered. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg ua haujlwm ATGM tau raug mob, thiab lub dav hlau tau tsaws tsaws thaum muaj xwm ceev nyob ib sab ntawm lub tank uas tau tsoo nws tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, "Tus Tiv Thaiv" tau lees paub tias nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo raws li lub dav hlau tiv thaiv tank. Raws li koj paub, cov neeg Ixayees tau ua nruj ua tsiv heev hauv kev xaiv cov cuab yeej siv tub rog thiab riam phom, thiab tam sim ntawd tshem tawm cov qauv uas tau ua pov thawj tsis zoo rau lawv tus kheej hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Thaj, qhov no tsis siv rau "Tus Tiv Thaiv", cov dav hlau helicopters ntawm hom no tau raug tshem tawm ntawm kev pabcuam hauv tebchaws Israel tsuas yog xyoo 1997.

Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1985, txuas nrog kev yuav Hughes Helicopters los ntawm McDonnell Douglas Corporation, kev tsim qauv Model 500 lub dav hlau tau hloov pauv mus rau MD 500. tsis sib haum nrog cov neeg nyob ze. Feem ntau, MD 500 tau xa mus yam tsis muaj phom ua rau cov neeg pej xeem siv tsheb dawb thiab tau ua tub rog nyob ntawm qhov chaw. Rov xa tawm MD 500s tau tawg thoob ntiaj teb thiab tau koom nrog ntau qhov "kev siv qis" kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tebchaws ntawm Africa, Asia, South thiab Central America. Yog li, hauv El Salvador, 6 MD 500D thiab 9 MD 500E tau tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam. Ntau lub nyoob hoom qav taub raug tua los ntawm rab phom me me thiab Strela-2M MANPADS. Txog thaum lub sijhawm kev ua rog tau xaus ntawm tsoomfwv thiab cov neeg ntxeev siab, 7 lub dav hlau tseem nyob hauv ib qib.

Xyoo 1986, DPRK, dhau los ntawm ntau tus neeg nruab nrab, tswj kom yuav 87 tsis muaj phom MD 500E. Thaum xub thawj, lub dav hlau dav hlau tau siv los ua tus xa xov rau kev soj xyuas thiab kev saib xyuas. Txij li MD 500 tau siv los ntawm South Kauslim cov tub rog, ntau lub nyoob hoom qav taub tau muab rau South Kauslim cov ntawv cim thiab camouflage, tom qab uas lawv tau siv los xa saboteurs.

Raws li Kaus Lim Qab Teb cov ntaub ntawv, kwv yees li 60 North Kauslim MD 500Es tau nruab nrog Malyutka ATGM. Txawm hais tias lub foob pob hluav taws Soviet qub dhau los tsis zoo rau qhov hloov tshiab ntawm Tou ATGM hais txog kev nthuav dav ntau yam thiab cov cuab yeej nkag mus tob, North Kauslim tsis muaj lwm lub dav hlau tshwj xeeb sib ntaus.

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MD 500E, siv riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank, tau qhia ntawm kev ua tub rog caij nkoj hauv xyoo 2013. Thaj chaw, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm North Kauslim MD 500E tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw davhlau. Qhov no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev tsim qauv yooj yim ntawm lub nyoob hoom qav taub thiab muaj cov khoom seem ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias thawj lub davhlau ntawm Hughes Model 500 tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1963, kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov qauv tub rog tshiab txuas ntxiv mus txog niaj hnub no. Raws li MD 520 thiab MD 530 kev hloov pauv, ntau qhov kev poob siab tau hloov pauv, tsim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, avionics thiab cov cuab yeej ua rog.

MD 530 Defender nyoob hoom qav taub nrog nqa qhov hnyav tshaj ntawm 1610 kg yog nruab nrog lub cav tshiab 650 hp Allison 250-C30B. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ya davhlau - 282 km / h, caij nkoj - 230 km / h. Kev hnyav hnyav nce mus rau 900 kg. Ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, lub dav hlau nyoob hoom qav taub tuaj yeem nruab nrog cov cuab yeej uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua cov haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua thaum hmo ntuj. Qhov kev hloov kho no hu ua MD 530 NightFox.

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Kev tsim khoom ntau ntawm MD 530F Cayuse Warrior kev hloov kho tam sim no tseem tab tom ua. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2016, thawj plaub lub nyoob hoom qav taub ntawm hom no, npaj rau Afghan Air Force, tau xa los ntawm C-17 Globemaster III cov tub rog thauj dav hlau. Thawj qhov kev txiav txim muab rau 24 lub dav hlau thauj khoom, hauv tag nrho, nyob rau 5 xyoos tom ntej, Afghan Air Force yuav tsum tau txais 48 lub tsheb nres nres. Txij li thaum cov Taliban tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tub rog, kev teeb tsa yooj yim rau Afghan Air Force MD 530F Cayuse Warrior tau ua tub rog nrog NAR chav nyob, thiab HMP400 tshem tawm lub tshuab rab phom ntim khoom tsim los ntawm Belgian lub tuam txhab FN nrog 12, 7-mm tshuab phom (tus nqi) ntawm hluav taws 1100 rds / min, 400 ncig ntawm mos txwv). Yog tias tsim nyog, lub nyoob hoom qav taub tuaj yeem nqa nrog ATGM TOW sai.

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Cov kws tsav dav hlau muaj lawv cov cuab yeej siv satellite qhia tawm, kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub no thiab tsom iav qhov muag hmo ntuj. Txhawm rau txo qhov tsis muaj zog thaum lub sij hawm tua los ntawm hauv av, lub tsev thiab qee chav nyob muaj kev teev npe hauv zos. Cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 500 litres tau ntim thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov mos txwv ntawm 12, 7-mm mos txwv.

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Txhawm rau txhawb Asmeskas cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm, AH-6 Little Bird combat helicopter tau tsim. Lub tsheb me me uas tswj tau yooj yim no tau koom nrog ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm zais cia thoob ntiaj teb, thiab qee qhov tau ua haujlwm raws li "lub neej nyob" rau cov tub rog tshwj xeeb uas ua haujlwm hauv thaj tsam yeeb ncuab. Txawm hais tias nws loj me me, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm Little Bird nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm paub zoo tuaj yeem siab heev.

Lub nyoob hoom qav taub nkag rau hauv kev pabcuam xyoo 1980 raws li kev hloov kho ntawm OH-6 Cayuse thiab tau nquag siv txij li nws pib. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm tus qauv tshwj xeeb no yog vim qhov loj thiab hnyav ntawm lub tshuab tso cai rau nws thauj tau yooj yim mus rau nws lub hom phiaj los ntawm kev thauj cov dav hlau dav hlau ntawm US Air Force. Hauv chav ua haujlwm dav hlau ntawm cov tub rog ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua tau sim, nrog kev tshawb nrhiav nyiaj siv ua haujlwm thiab tshawb fawb hmo hmo optoelectronic system. Nrog kev pab los ntawm nws, lub nyoob hoom qav taub tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas thiab tshawb nrhiav lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv hom hom, nkaum tom qab tsob ntoo ntoo, vaj tsev lossis toj roob hauv pes.

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Cov nyoob hoom qav taub AH-6 Me Me Noog tau ua haujlwm nrog rau 160th Tshwj Xeeb Pabcuam Aviation Regiment ntawm US Ground Forces (tseem hu ua Night Stalkers), thiab hauv cov neeg tseem ceeb tiv thaiv kev ua phem phem tshwj xeeb ntawm FBI. Kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws AH-6C tau txais hauv xyoo 1983 thaum lub sijhawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Asmeskas cov tub rog hauv Grenada. Kev ua haujlwm "Flash of Fury" koom nrog kaum ob lub tshuab me me, siv tau raws li hauv Barbados. Ob peb Tus Me Nyuam Me tau txhawb nqa Contras hauv Nicaragua. Xyoo 1989, cov nyoob hoom qav taub los ntawm cov tub rog 160th tau koom nrog Kev Ua Haujlwm Tsuas Ua Rau Hauv Panama. Xyoo 1993, AH-6 F / G tau muab kev pab tua hluav taws rau cov neeg tua rog ntawm Pab Pawg Tshwj Xeeb Tshwj Xeeb 1 ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Asmeskas Tub Rog Delta Force hauv Somali lub nroog Mogadishu. Xyoo 2009, ob peb "Me Me Noog" tau koom nrog Somalia, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tshem tawm cov neeg ua phem Saleh Ali Nabhani. Little Bird tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv Iraq txij li xyoo 2003 kev ntxeem tau ntawm Asmeskas-UK pab pawg sib koom ua ke. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias "lub teeb pom kev zoo laser-coj" tau siv los muab kev txhawb nqa hluav taws rau hauv av. Tej zaum peb tab tom tham txog hloov kho Hydra 70 cuaj luaj.

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Kev hloov kho siab tshaj plaws siv los ntawm Asmeskas Kev Ua Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb Tshwj Xeeb, AH-6M, yog ua raws MD 530 kev lag luam dav hlau helicopters. -bladed lub ntsiab rotor nrog nce kev ua tau zoo uas tuaj yeem tiv taus kev tua 14.5 hli mos txwv, cov cuab yeej sib xyaw ua ke, txhim kho GPS-raws kev qhia ua haujlwm, FLIR cov khoom siv pom kev deb.

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Lub nyoob hoom qav taub tau nruab nrog txhim kho kev tswj hwm riam phom, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv AGM-114 Hellfire ATGM nrog lub laser nrhiav. Xyoo 2009, nws tau tshaj tawm tias Boeing tau ua haujlwm AH-6S Phoenix sib ntaus sib tua lub dav hlau ua ib feem ntawm ARH (Armed Aerial Scout) program. Ua tsaug rau kev siv Rolls-Royce 250-CE30 cav nrog 680 hp. lub peev xwm nqa ntawm lub nyoob hoom qav taub yog 1100 kg.

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Raws li AH-6S, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Saudi Arabia, Boeing Corporation tau tsim lub teeb sib ntaus sib tua lub dav hlau AH-6I (Thoob Ntiaj Teb). Tus nqi ntawm thawj pawg ntawm 24 lub tsheb, npaj rau Saudis, yog $ 235 lab, tsis suav nrog riam phom.

Ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv lub tank thiab tua hluav taws qhov siab, qhov tsis muaj neeg siv ntawm AN-6X tau tsim los ntawm Boeing raws li Hughes Model 500. Thaum pib, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub teeb uas tsis muaj neeg tsav dav hlau yog kom khiav tawm ntawm cov neeg raug mob. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, suav nrog tus lej "Keyuses", "Defenders" thiab "Little noog" nrog cov peev txheej ze rau qhov txwv, nws tau txiav txim siab txiav txim siab los hloov cov tshuab no mus rau hauv lub dav hlau tua rog uas tsis muaj neeg siv. Txoj haujlwm tau txais lub npe ULB (Unmanned Little Bird). Nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov kev daws teeb meem thiab tswj cov cuab yeej ntsuas ntawm AN-6X tuaj yeem siv rau lwm lub dav hlau sib ntaus, suav nrog AN-1 Cobra thiab AH-64 Apache.

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