UMP (Universal Machinen Pistole) rab phom rab phom uas tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab German caj npab nto moo Heckler & Koch yuav tsis suav nrog hauv qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm caj npab yog tias nws tsis tau tsim rau cov cartridges ntawm ntau yam ntsuas. Qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm qhov siv tau ntau yam UMP45 rab phom submachine yog chambered rau. 45 ACP (11, 43x23 mm). Cov qauv ntawm cov phom no suav nrog kev ua haujlwm siab nres ntawm lub mos txwv, rov qis me ntsis thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub. Tsis zoo li rab yaj phom Desert Eagle, UMP lub tshuab rab phom txawm tias chambered rau qhov muaj zog txaus.45 ACP daim cartridge tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb thiab cov tub rog nyob hauv qee lub tebchaws, thiab nws cov kwvtij hluas chambered rau 9 × 19 hli Parabellum lossis. 40S & W (10x22) mm) yog qhov dav dua.
Cov Kws Tshaj Lij ntawm Heckler & Koch tsim UMP ntau yam rab phom submachine hauv xyoo 1990 los ua ntxiv rau HK MP5 tsev neeg ntawm cov phom phom uas nrov thiab nto moo thoob ntiaj teb. Kev tsim qauv tshiab tau yooj yim dua, tab sis tib lub sijhawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub tau siv hauv kev tsim kho ntawm UMP. Lub tuam txhab tau pib npaj los muab nws cov qauv ntawm tub ceev xwm riam phom ua lag luam hauv Tebchaws Meskas, yog li nws tau xaiv rau nws.40S & W thiab.45 ACP mos txwv nrov nyob hauv Asmeskas, qhov sib txawv ntawm rab phom submachine chambered rau 9x19 mm Parabellum tshwm sim tom qab.
Tam sim no, muaj peb hom UMP submachine rab phom: muaj zog tshaj UMP45, tsim los rau.45 ACP rab yaj phom, UMP40, feem, rau. 40S & W daim cartridge thiab UMP9 rau 9 × 19 hli Parabellum cartridge. Txawm hais tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm riam phom, tag nrho peb rab phom submachine muaj cov qauv tsim zoo ib yam, qhov sib txawv sab nraud ntawm peb tus qauv los ntawm ib leeg dag nkaus xwb hauv qhov zoo ntawm lub khw. Rau rab phom submachine hauv cov calibers loj - cov ntawv ncaj, rau 9x19 hli Parabellum cartridge - nkhaus. Txhua qhov peb tuaj yeem ua tau, yog tias xav tau, hloov pauv tau yooj yim los ntawm kev hloov lub thoob, ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab ntawv xov xwm; thaum txhim kho, cov neeg German tau siv tus qauv ntawm kev tsim ntawm rab phom submachine.
Ntxiv rau peb daim ntawv teev npe, ib tus neeg pej xeem tseem tau nthuav tawm ntawm lub khw - qhov no yog USC (Universal Self -loading Carbine) - lub thoob ntiaj teb tus kheej thauj khoom carbine. Nws tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev xa tawm mus ntxiv rau Tebchaws Meskas thiab tau ntsib txhua tus qauv Asmeskas kev ua tub rog. Cov carbine txawv ntawm nws cov kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo li lub taub qab, lub thoob ntev dua, cov ntawv xov xwm txwv rau 10 ncig (thaum lub sijhawm txhim kho hauv Tebchaws Meskas, muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm rau pej xeem siv riam phom), thaum USC cov ntawv xov xwm tsis sib xws nrog cov ntawv sib ntaus, thiab cov carbine kuj tsis muaj rab yaj phom tuav tswj hluav taws thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua hluav taws tsis siv neeg. Qhov kev ua neeg pej xeem no tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua kis las lossis tiv thaiv tus kheej. Kev muag khoom ntawm USC carbine tau txiav tawm xyoo 2013.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov kws tsim khoom ntawm Heckler & Koch tau siv yuav luag rau lub hlis los tsim rab phom submachine uas muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws tawg ntawm cov cartridges ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm loj li.45APC. Thaum xub thawj, lawv tau sim cov phiaj xwm ib nrab-breechblock uas tau ua tiav hauv lawv rab phom MP5 thiab yog ib txwm muaj rau lub tuam txhab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov phiaj xwm no tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm mus sij hawm ntev ntawm cov riam phom, vim qhov uas rab phom submachine tshiab ua tsis tiav tom qab 5 txhiab txhaj tshuaj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov kws tsim khoom ntawm lub tuam txhab German tau hloov mus rau lub rooj vag dawb Circuit Court.
German HK UMP45 rab phom submachine yog rab phom me uas tau tsim raws li txoj kev sib tsoo. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg yog rov ua dua ntawm cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj dawb, hluav taws los ntawm rab phom submachine raug tua los ntawm lub qhov taub kaw. Lub ntsiab mechanism yog rauj. Cov riam phom muaj ob-tog kev nyab xeeb hloov rau hom kev tua hluav taws, nrog rau swb qeeb, uas ua kom ntseeg tau tias swb swb hauv qhov chaw qhib tom qab txhua daim cartridges tau siv hauv phau ntawv xov xwm. Cov hom hluav taws hauv qab no muaj rau tus tua: txhaj tshuaj ib zaug, tua hluav taws tsis siv neeg, thiab xaiv tau qhov kev tua hauv tawg nrog txiav tawm ntawm 2 lossis 3 txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem muaj. Txij li thaum UMP submachine rab phom tau tsim thaum xub thawj txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov phom loj, nrog rau vim muaj teeb meem hauv kev pub mis.45 ACP cartridges piv rau li ib txwm 9x19 hli, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hluav taws kub tau txwv tsis pub siv mus txog 600 teev ib feeb, uas ua rau rab phom submachine no yog ib qho qeeb tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.
UMP submachine rab phom sib piv nrog nws qhov hnyav, UMP9 yog 0.75 kg sib zog dua nws cov phom MP5 A3 zoo sib xws, qhov no yog vim muaj kev siv thoob ntiaj teb niaj hnub poob siab-tiv thaiv yas hauv UMP tsim, uas tsis tsuas yog tso cai kom txo qis qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom, tab sis muab nws qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Lub thawv ntsia liaj qhov rooj ntawm rab phom submachine yog ua los ntawm yas; lub thawv ua los ntawm yas nrog lub xov tooj cua txais xov xwm thiab rab yaj phom tuav kuj tau txuas rau nws los ntawm hauv qab no. Cov yas tiv taus tiv taus muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau kev puas tsuaj thiab kev nyuab siab, uas tso cai rau koj siv riam phom hauv thaj tsam tau ywj pheej. Qhov hnyav ntawm UMP9 rab phom submachine yam tsis muaj phau ntawv xov xwm tsuas yog 2.35 kg, qhov hnyav ntawm UMP45 rab phom submachine tsis muaj ntawv xov xwm yog 2.47 kg.
Cov tuav rab phom UMP45 muaj cov duab sib npaug thiab me me me me nyob ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab lub taub qab, ntawm nws lub hauv paus muaj qhov me me nthuav tawm hauv qab xub xub ntiv tes kom yooj yim tuav. Tus tiv thaiv tus neeg mob loj, nws tuaj yeem tua rab phom submachine nrog hnab looj tes lossis tuav riam phom los ntawm kev hla koj tus ntiv tes xoo los ntawm daim clip (zoo li hauv Beretta 93R). Cov ntawv xov xwm tau tuav ncaj, zoo li rab phom Kalashnikov, nws tau ua los ntawm cov hlau thiab muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus, qhov mob stroke luv thiab meej, thaum phau ntawv xov xwm tsis raug tshem tawm ntawm riam phom, tab sis ntog tawm zoo li rab yaj phom.
Kev hloov hom hluav taws yog ob tog, thim rov qab (lub zog tau qhia ncaj qha mus rau lub taub hau ntawm rab phom submachine), nws muaj peb txoj haujlwm:
- txoj haujlwm siab tshaj - thaiv tus neeg ntaus thiab rauj, thaum lub zog tseem raug nias;
- txoj haujlwm nruab nrab - tua nrog txhaj tshuaj ib zaug;
- txoj haujlwm qis tshaj - hluav taws tsis siv neeg, hloov pauv tshwm sim nrog nyem me ntsis.
Rab phom submachine muaj lub peev xwm los hloov lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg tag nrho nrog rau kev tua hauv qhov tawg luv ntawm 2 lossis 3 puag ncig. Rau qhov kev hloov pauv zoo li no, koj yuav tsum tau hloov tus pas nrig tus kheej lossis teeb tsa lwm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm riam phom. Cov qauv no tau tsau rau ntawm riam phom los ntawm ob "fangs", uas yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus neeg txais xov xwm, thiab ntsia liaj qhov rooj ntev txuas nws mus rau tus txais thiab nyob tom qab tus neeg txhais lus ntawm hom hluav taws.
UMP45 siv lub pob tw uas tig mus rau sab xis (qee qhov xav txog qhov kev xaiv no yooj yim dua li MP5), nws tuaj yeem raug kaw hauv txoj haujlwm tsis nthuav tawm. Cov pob txha pob txha pob txha uas muaj ob lub ntsej muag ntawm UMP45 rab phom submachine, tsis zoo li tus txais, tau txhawb nqa thiab muaj cov txheej txheem txhuas, uas ua rau nws lub zog muaj zog. Muaj tseeb, muab qhov tseeb tias lub hauv caug kho cov ntsiab lus yog ua los ntawm yas, lawv yuav tsum raug ntaus rau qee yam nrog qee qhov ceev faj. Nrog rau cov khoom nthuav tawm, qhov ntev ntawm UMP45 yog 695 hli, nrog cov khoom ntim nws yog 455 hli.
Nyob rau sab saud ntawm UMP45 tus txais muaj qhov pom kev, uas tau siv los ua qhov pom kev pom tom qab thiab pom pom pem hauv ntej. Tag nrho ntawm ob sab yog kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus txais. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nruj thiab thaj tsam hauv nroog, qhov riam phom tuaj yeem tsoo qhov teeb meem. Lub nraub qaum pom kuj tau muab tso rau hauv lub nplhaib tiv thaiv. Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Picatinny tuaj yeem teeb tsa nruab nrab ntawm qhov pom nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm tus txais, uas tso cai rau tus neeg tua phom los teeb tsa ntau yam kho qhov muag lossis lub qhov muag pom. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws muaj peev xwm nce plaub Picatinny ntsia ntawm rab phom submachine - ntawm lub thawv ntsia liaj qhov rooj saum toj, sab xis, sab laug thiab hauv qab ntawm lub cev. Lub peev xwm los teeb tsa ntsug pem hauv ntej tuav ntawm UMP tuaj yeem pab tua tus neeg tua hluav taws tsis siv neeg los ntawm riam phom.
Cov phom ntawm rab phom submachine tsis muaj ib qho kev them nyiaj hauv nws lub qhov ncauj, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws muaj lub pob rau ntsiag to thiab tsis muaj nplaim taws. Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog ua tiav thaum siv cov cuab yeej zoo li no nrog cov mos txwv subsonic. Cov txheej txheem txheem ntev ntawm tag nrho peb tus qauv ntawm UMP lub twj tso kua mis yog 200 hli, USC cov neeg pej xeem carbine muaj lub raj ntev txog 400 hli.
Ua ke nrog rab phom submachine, lub thawv ntawv zoo li lub thawv rau.45APC thiab.40S & W daim cartridges thiab xa mus rau nkhaus rau 9x19 mm Parabellum cartridges tuaj yeem siv tau. Lub peev xwm ntawv xov xwm chambered rau.40S & W thiab 9x19 mm yog 30 puag ncig, cov ntawv xov xwm muaj peev xwm chambered rau.45APC yog 25 puag ncig. Zoo li tus txais, cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm rab phom submachine yog ua los ntawm yas. Ntawm lawv ib sab phab ntsa muaj cov qhov tshwj xeeb uas npog nrog cov yas pob tshab. Cov kab no tau siv los tswj kom yooj yim ntawm kev siv cov mos txwv.
Kev sib piv ntawm 9x19 mm thiab.45APC cartridges
Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias txhua lub phom UMP xa mus zoo heev rau kev sib ntaus hauv nroog ib puag ncig lossis hauv cov tsev, suav nrog hauv qhov chaw nruj. Cov riam phom yog qhov hnyav thiab hnyav, thiab tseem muab tus neeg tua phom nrog lub sijhawm txaus rau kev hloov kho tshiab thiab teeb tsa ntau yam kev sib txuas. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov riam phom thiab lub peev xwm los hloov lub peev xwm tseem yuav tsum tsis txhob txo nqi. Qhov sib txawv ntawm UMP45 yog rab phom muaj zog heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv chav kawm rab phom submachine. Lub mos txwv.45ACP (11, 43x23 mm) muaj qhov ua kom siv zog heev (txawm hais tias muaj qhov cuam tshuam me me), tab sis tam sim no xav tias tag nrho cov kab ntawm cov mos txwv no ya ntawm lub hom phiaj. Qhov version ntawm rab phom submachine chambered rau daim ntawv no, raws li Wikipedia, yog siv los ntawm Lithuanian thiab Georgia tshwj xeeb rog, thiab UMP45 kuj tseem siv los ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv Malaysia, Philippines thiab Egypt.
