Zaj dab neeg ntawm caj npab me me uas muaj zog tshaj plaws yuav nyuaj rau xav txog yam tsis muaj rab phom tshuab. Lavxias ua tus loj-muaj peev xwm 12, 7-mm tshuab rab phom "Kord" yog hnub no yog ib qho ntawm "kev sib cav" muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias cov tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov riam phom no tso cai rau koj kom koom nrog cov yeeb ncuab mos mos thiab cov cuab yeej siv, suav nrog cov phom me me. Txog rau txoj kev txhim kho ntawm cov kws siv phom hauv tsev, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov kev hais qhia "tshuab rab phom npau suav."
"Kord" yog Lavxias rab phom tshuab hnyav chambered rau 12, 7x108 mm nrog txoj siv pub. Lub npe yog lub npe luv los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv pib ntawm kab lus "Kovrov gunmiths-degtyarevtsy". Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm rab phom tshuab yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov phom me me hauv av, cov tsheb, cov yeeb ncuab lub zog (pab pawg lub hom phiaj) ntawm thaj tsam li 1500-2000 metres, ntxiv rau tiv thaiv ntau yam kev ya dav hlau qis ntawm qhov nqes mus txog 1500 meters.
Kord Lavxias hnyav tshuab rab phom tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1990 los hloov pauv rau Soviet 12.7 hli NSV Utes hnyav tshuab rab phom, uas nws cov khoom tsim tawm tom qab kev tawg ntawm Soviet Union tau ib nrab sab nrauv Lavxias. Lub tshuab rab phom tau tsim los ntawm tus tsim qauv ntawm Degtyarev Kovrov Plant (nto moo ZID). Kev tsim cov riam phom tshiab tau pib ntawm tsob ntoo hauv Kovrov xyoo 2001. Tam sim no, lub tshuab rab phom tau lees paub los ntawm Tsoomfwv Lavxias. Txog rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Lavxias Lavxias, lub tshuab rab phom loj no tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov tub rog tub rog nrog lub bipod (tus qauv zoo tshaj plaws) thiab ntawm lub tshuab tshwj xeeb tripod, kuj tseem muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm rab phom tshuab rau kev teeb tsa ntawm tsheb. thiab cov tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog (Kord tau siv rau hauv kev tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm lub turret ntawm lub T-90 lub tank), thiab tseem rau nkoj thiab nyoob hoom qav taub.
A. Namitulin, N. M. Obidin, Yu. M. Bogdanov thiab V. I. Kord hnyav tshuab rab phom tsim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij no tau txais lub thoob tshiab uas muaj qhov ua tau zoo muzzle nres-nyem nyem thiab lub kaw lus kaw lub sijhawm. Ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm riam phom Lavxias tshiab, ib tus tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov tseeb tias qhov no tsuas yog rab phom tshuab rab phom loj uas tso cai rau koj tua tsis tsuas yog los ntawm lub tshuab cuab yeej, tab sis kuj los ntawm bipod. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov hnyav ntawm lub tshuab rab phom hauv qhov no tsis tshaj 32.6 kg (tsis pom thiab qhov seem). Ntawm nws cov peev txheej loj los ntawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb, Lavxias rab phom tshuab "Kord" sawv tawm rau qhov nws qhov hnyav, lub cev hnyav ntawm rab phom tshuab tsuas yog 25 kg. Hauv qhov no, qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm rab phom tshuab yog 1980 mm. Lub phom rab phom Kord yog qhov sib dua, raug dua thiab muaj kev cog lus ntau dua li nws ua ntej.
Thaum tsim lub tshuab rab phom loj loj tshiab rau 12, 7x108 mm, Kovrov cov kws siv phom sim tshem tawm ib zaug peb qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tau txheeb pom thaum ua haujlwm ntawm NSV Utes hnyav tshuab rab phom hauv pab tub rog:
- kev txo qis hauv lub zog rov qab thiab nce kev ruaj ntseg ntawm rab phom tshuab thaum tua, daws qhov teeb meem no thiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov tub rog me me ntawm Kord hnyav tshuab rab phom, uas tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog bipod;
- ua kom ntseeg tau tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab thiab lub tshuab ntawm rab phom phom tshuab, uas cuam tshuam zoo rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tua raug, thiab tseem tsis suav nrog ntau yam kev sib tsoo ntawm cov riam phom;
- ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv ntawm lub tshuab rab phom phom, ua tsaug uas Kord tuaj yeem nruab nrog tsuas yog ib lub thoob. Raws li lub vev xaib raug cai ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, cov peev txheej thev naus laus zis ntawm Kord tshuab rab phom tau nce mus txog 10,000 puag ncig.
Kord hnyav tshuab rab phom yog rab phom tsis siv neeg nrog txoj siv pub mis (thaum pub mis tuaj yeem nqa tau ob qho los ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis). Hauv kev ua tub rog, 50 txoj siv sia tau siv los ua lub tshuab rab phom, thiab hauv lub tank tso tawm, siv 150 txoj hlua. Qaum tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv lub tshuab ua kom muaj roj, nyob rau hauv uas cov pa roj av piston ntev nyob hauv qab lub thoob ntawm lub tshuab rab phom. Lub thoob yog nrawm-tshem tawm thiab cua txias. Lub thoob ntawm lub tshuab rab phom tau xauv los ntawm kev xa cov ntsia hlau ntsia hlau thiab koom nrog cov kab menyuam nrog cov hlua ntawm lub nra ntawm lub thoob. Cov cartridges tau siv los ntawm cov hlua hlau nrog qhib qhov txuas. Kev muab cov cartridges los ntawm daim kab xev yog ua ncaj qha rau hauv lub thoob ntawm rab phom tshuab. Tus txheej txheem kev tua hluav taws yog 600-750 ncig ib feeb.
Lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm Kord lub tshuab phom hnyav tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ob leeg ntawm tus kheej (los ntawm qhov ua kom pom ntawm lub tshuab) thiab los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob (xaiv rau lub tank tshuab rab phom). USM muaj kev nyab xeeb xauv tiv thaiv kev raug mob. Qhib, kho qhov muag pom nrog kev txiav tawm ntawm qhov siab txog 2000 meters yog siv los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev tua phom tshuab, thaum nws tuaj yeem teeb tsa ntau yam kho qhov muag niaj hnub no thiab pom hmo ntuj ntawm riam phom.
Cov phom ntawm Kord tshuab rab phom yog nrawm-tshem tawm, lub thoob tau txias los ntawm huab cua. Nws tau tsim los siv cov cuab yeej ZID thev naus laus zis, uas ua kom muaj cua sov zoo ib yam thaum lub sij hawm tua los ntawm rab phom tshuab, thiab yog li kev nthuav dav thermal nthuav dav (deformation) ntawm lub thoob. Vim yog thev naus laus zis no, lub tshuab rab phom tshiab ntawm Russia yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev tua tau zoo heev, uas yog 1.5-2 npaug ntau dua li kev ua tau zoo ntawm NSV rab phom tshuab. Sib piv tua los ntawm lub tshuab (thaum tua los ntawm Korda los ntawm bipod, qhov raug yog piv rau NSV ntawm lub tshuab). Thaum tua ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 metres, qhov sib txawv qhov tshwm sim sib txawv (CEP) rau Korda tsuas yog 0.22 meters, uas tsis ntau rau cov caj npab me me ntawm chav kawm no.
Kev tsim khoom siab ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem kev siv hauv kev tsim ntawm rab phom tshuab muab Korda nrog kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev sib ntaus. Lub tshuab rab phom zoo tshaj plaws rau nws qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyob rau ntau qhov kub thiab txias - los ntawm -50 txog +50 degrees Celsius. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau dawb hauv cov plua plav, nrog rau tom qab raus dej, tsis muaj ntau hnub ntawm kev ntub thiab ntxuav, nrog icing, ntxiv rau lwm yam kev ua haujlwm nyuaj.
Qhov zoo ntawm Kovrov tshuab rab phom suav nrog suav nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj peev xwm thiab muaj peev xwm ua hluav taws kub hnyav yam tsis muaj cua txias ntxiv ntawm lub thoob, thaum tswj hwm lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb. Qhov raug ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov raug thiab qhov hluav taws kub thoob plaws txhua qhov kev siv peev txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm kuj tseem yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tus qauv. Kev hais tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv phom rab phom loj thiab muaj peev xwm tshem tawm qee qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis raug cai ncaj qha thaum siv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm riam phom (ntawm tshav rog) los ntawm kev suav cov rog siv lub peev xwm ntawm tus kheej qhov khoom seem rau qhov no, nrog rau kev tswj hwm qhov zoo ntawm rab phom loj-rab phom tshuab ncaj qha hauv kev ua tub rog siv pab pawg thiab kho cov khoom seem. Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, rab phom tshuab tuaj yeem coj rov qab mus rau lub neej yam tsis tau xa mus rau lub hoobkas.
Rau kev tua los ntawm rab phom tshuab rab phom loj, tus qauv rab phom 12, 7x108 mm tau siv nrog cov mos txwv B-32 (cov cuab yeej ua rau khauj khaum), BZT-44M (cov cuab yeej ua rau khauj khaum-tracer) thiab BS (cov cuab yeej-tho qhov tawg). Peb tuaj yeem hais tias B-32 yog lub hauv paus loj thiab feem ntau yog cov mos txwv ntawm 12, 7x108 mm. Nws cov riam phom-tho qhov mos txwv nrog cov tub ntxhais hlau tuaj yeem nkag mus rau 20 hli tuab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phaj ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 meters nrog 90% qhov tshwm sim. Hauv xyoo 1972, tus tshiab BS armor-piercing incendiary cartridge nrog lub mos txwv nrog cov hlau-ceramic core tau tshwm sim hauv USSR. Nws tau tsim kho thaum nws tau pom tseeb tias cov cuab yeej nkag mus ntawm B-32 daim cartridge tsis txaus los tawm tsam cov tub rog niaj hnub siv cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog sib ntaus. Cov mos txwv no nkag mus rau 20 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tau teeb tsa ntawm lub kaum sab xis 20 degrees, ntawm qhov deb ntawm 545 txog 782 meters (nyob ntawm huab cua puag ncig) nrog qhov tshwm sim tsawg kawg 80%. Cov cartridges nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub foob pob hluav taws-tracer mos txwv BZT-44M, ntawm lwm yam, tau npaj rau kev kho hluav taws, nrog rau phiaj xwm.
Kev tua cov pob zeb zoo li no ntawm qhov ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab yog qhov ua tau zoo thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tus yeeb ncuab, txij li txawm tias cov cib ua haujlwm ntawm ntau cov cib ntais ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo thaum lub sij hawm tua. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm Kord lub tshuab rab phom tuaj yeem suav nrog qhov ncab mus rau qhov tshwm sim tsis tshwm sim thaum tua, thaum nplaim taws tawg los ntawm lub qhov ncauj nres nres-them nyiaj nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv, thiab cov hmoov av ze tshaj plaws thiab nplooj ntoo nce mus rau saum huab cua. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav pom qhov chaw tua phom loj nrog rab phom rab phom loj nyob rau lwm qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias qhov kev tua tau ua tiav ntev txaus.
Kord hnyav tshuab rab phom yog riam phom tub rog tiag. Lub tshuab rab phom tau tswj kom sib ntaus thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Ob, kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv South Ossetia xyoo 2008, thiab tseem tau siv dav thaum muaj kev tawm tsam hauv Syria. Raws li Vestnik Mordovia, tsoomfwv cov tub rog ntawm Syrian Arab koom pheej nquag siv Lavxias Kord tshuab rab phom thaum sib ntaus sib tua hauv nroog teeb tsa. Raws li cov neeg sau xov xwm ntawm kev tshaj tawm ntseeg, cov tub rog sib txawv ntawm lub tshuab rab phom loj ntawm lub bipod tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yooj yim thaum siv hauv kev tawm tsam hauv cov nroog. Lub zog ntawm riam phom tso cai rau koj kom muaj kev ntseeg siab rau cov tub rog uas tuaj yeem nkaum tom qab cov cib lossis cov phab ntsa. Yav dhau los nws kuj tau sau tseg tias rab phom tshuab ua haujlwm tau zoo heev hauv Syria, qhov uas nws kuj tseem siv los tua thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab snipers.
