Lub dav hlau Alpha yog lub dav hlau sib tsoo thiab tus kws qhia dav hlau tsim ua ke los ntawm German lub tuam txhab dav hlau Dornier thiab Fab Kis txhawj xeeb Dassault-Breguet, tseem hu ua Dassault / Dornier Alpha Jet. Lub dav hlau tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1970s, tab sis txawm tias nws muaj hnub nyoog, nws tseem ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog ntawm ntau lub tebchaws thiab tau siv dav los ntawm lawv. Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom los ntawm 1973 txog 1990, 480 Alpha Dav Hlau dav hlau ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov kho tau tsim.
Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1969, tau pom zoo pom zoo los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis txog kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb tshiab ntxaib-cav nres subsonic sib ntaus dav hlau. Nws tau npaj ua ntej tias lub dav hlau tshiab tuaj yeem siv ob qho tib si ua kev qhia dav hlau thiab ua lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau. Kev txhim kho tau ua tiav los ntawm cov kws tsim txuj ci los ntawm ob lub tebchaws los ntawm Dornier P.375 thiab Breguet Br.126 cov haujlwm, lub dav hlau tua hluav taws tshiab hu ua Alpha Jet. Raws li cov phiaj xwm pib, txhua lub tebchaws koom nrog txoj haujlwm npaj tsim 200 lub dav hlau no. Lub dav hlau yuav tsum tau tsim nyob hauv ob lub tebchaws raws li cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Dassault thiab Dornier, feem. Thaum xub thawj, lawv tau teeb tsa American General Electric J85 lub cav rau lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau, uas tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej zoo heev ntawm F-5 tus tua rog thiab T-38 kev qhia dav hlau, tab sis Fab Kis tswj hwm kom txhim kho lawv tus kheej Larzac 04 -C6 cav, uas tsim lub zog ntawm 1350 kgf. Txhawm rau zam qhov kev swb ntawm lub dav hlau los ntawm ib lub foob pob tiv thaiv dav hlau lossis lub foob pob, lub dav hlau tua lub cav tau nthuav tawm ntau li ntau tau raws nws ob sab.
Cov kev xav tau rau Alpha Jet lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau thiab nws cov cuab yeej thiab cov yam ntxwv tau tsim los raws qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tawm tsam kev ua phem nyob hauv European theatre ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Tebchaws Europe muaj cov tsheb loj tiv thaiv Soviet ntau ntxiv, nrog rau cov tub rog muaj zog tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv huab cua, ua kom tiav, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv tus kheej lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau thiab cov xov tooj ntawm tes luv thiab nruab nrab. Lub dav hlau tua rog tau npaj los siv rau hauv kev ua phem ua phem los ntawm kev hloov pauv, muaj zog, siv ntau hom tsheb tiv thaiv, xav tau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tas li thiab thaiv txoj hauv kev ntawm nws cov peev txheej.
Alpha dav hlau 1B Belgian Air Force
Alpha Jet tau ua nws lub davhlau thawj zaug thaum Lub Kaum Hli 26, 1973, plaub xyoos tom qab lub dav hlau pib nkag mus rau kev pabcuam nrog Fab Kis Cua Cua, thiab tom qab ib ntus German Air Force. Thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas dav dav, nws tau tshaj tawm tias hauv 600 qhov xwm txheej ntawm Alpha Dav Hlau poob mus rau hauv lub tailspin, ob qho tib si thaum lub caij ib txwm thiab thim rov qab, nws txoj kev tswj hwm tseem ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab thaum tus kws tsav dav hlau tshem tawm kev siv dag zog los ntawm cov ko taw thiab tswj tus pas, lub dav hlau nws tus kheej tawm ntawm qhov tig. … Thaum ya nrog cov tsaws tsaws thiab rub rov qab, lub dav hlau tau mus rau hauv lub tailspin ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 185 km / h. Nrog lub cav khiav, lub ceeb toom ceeb toom (pom hauv qhov pom tsis pom) tshwm sim ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm kev tawm tsam 15 degrees, thiab ib lub tsev muag khoom tshwm sim thaum lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev tawm tsam yog 18 degrees. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau nrog lub tsaws iav thiab flaps txuas ntxiv tsuas yog 157 km / h.
Thawj qhov tsim tawm Alpha Jet E tus kws qhia dav hlau pib nkag rau kev pabcuam nrog Fab Kis pab tub rog thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1977, thiab kev tsim Alpha Jet Lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau pib tshwm hauv Luftwaffe rau lub hlis tom qab. Raws li ib feem ntawm FRG Air Force, lub dav hlau tau hloov Fiat G-91 lub foob pob foob pob, thiab hauv Fab Kis Cov Tub Rog Cua Nkoj lawv tau npaj los hloov CM-170 qub thiab Lockheed T-33 tus kws qhia.
Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias lub dav hlau npaj rau kev ua haujlwm hauv Air Force ntawm Fabkis thiab Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Yelemees tau muaj qhov sib txawv hauv kev tsim cov avionics thiab riam phom. Fab Kis pib tso siab rau kev siv lub dav hlau tshiab ob-seater subsonic dav hlau ua tus kws qhia yooj yim. Cov neeg German, tau xav paub kom tau txais lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau uas tuaj yeem siv los tua cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv cov tsheb. Hauv qhov no, Cov tsheb German tau txais kev pom zoo dua thiab kev siv lub tshuab. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, German Air Force xaj 175 lub dav hlau tua rog, Fabkis Air Force - 176 lub dav hlau. Ib qho ntxiv, 33 lub dav hlau hauv Alpha Jet 1B version, zoo sib xws hauv avionics rau Fabkis Alpha Jet E, tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau Belgian Air Force.
Alpha Jet E Fabkis Air Force
Lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau Alpha Jet muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb: lub dav hlau tuaj yeem ya ntawm qhov nrawm dua li F-5E, Mirage-3E, A-104C, F-15, F-18 lub dav hlau, uas lub dav hlau no tsis yooj yim siv. … Qhov txiaj ntsig no tau tso cai rau Alpha Jet cov neeg ua haujlwm kom zam kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov neeg tawm tsam. Hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse, tig, thiab tig lub vojvoog hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav, lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau tau pom zoo dua rau lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev ya dav hlau ntawm NATO lub tebchaws, suav nrog Asmeskas A-10 nres dav hlau, uas yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev txhawb nqa huab cua ncaj qha ntawm cov tub rog hauv av ntawm tshav rog. Ntxiv mus, nrog kev txo qis hauv kev ya davhlau, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Alpha Jet nres dav hlau tsuas yog nce ntxiv.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, zoo li txhua lub dav hlau dav hlau subsonic nrog lub zog qis dua-rau-qhov hnyav piv, Alpha Jet tau qis dua rau cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua zoo dua hauv kev nce. Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov siab ntawm 9150 meters los ntawm lub sijhawm sib cais los ntawm cov dav hlau dav hlau, nws coj nws li 7 feeb. Coj mus rau hauv tus account kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau, nws txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab sib ntaus sib tua yog: lub me me tig lub vojvoog nyob hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav, kev siv lub davhlau qis heev thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom dav dav dav dav dav dav ceev
Lub xub ntiag ntawm kev ntseeg tau thiab yooj yim rov ua dua qub kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm tau muab lub dav hlau tua nrog kev tsav dav hlau zoo heev hauv txhua qhov kev nrawm thiab dav dav. Coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Alpha Jet daim ntawv thov thiab kev ua haujlwm nquag ntawm kev ya ntawm qhov chaw siab nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntxiv, qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau tseem ceeb heev. Qhov tsim qauv ntau tshaj rau nws yog los ntawm +12 txog -6 chav nyob. Thaum lub sijhawm sim ya dav hlau, cov kws tsav dav hlau tau dhia ntau dua ntawm lub dav hlau nrawm dua, thaum lub tshuab khaws cov kev tswj kom tsim nyog, qhia tias tsis muaj lub siab xav rub mus rau hauv kev dhia dej lossis yob hla. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv chav sib ntaus, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub dav hlau yam tsis muaj khoom thauj ntawm txoj hlua sab nrauv tau txwv rau 930 km / h. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm ntawm lub dav hlau tua hluav taws tso cai rau nws los ua huab cua sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov yeeb ncuab nyoob hoom qav taub thiab tso sijhawm rau sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov neeg tua rog uas tau ua haujlwm nrog NATO thaum tig xyoo 1970-80s.
Alpha Jet A FRG Air Force
Txhawm rau kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv huab cua tsim los, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub dav hlau tua dav hlau Alpha Jet A tau pom zoo kom ya ntawm qhov chaw siab nrog kev ua tiav ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov foob pob hluav taws thiab tiv thaiv lub dav hlau maneuvers uas ntse hauv kev taw qhia thiab nrawm. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua tsov rog tsis zoo thiab muaj zog, uas tuaj yeem teeb tsa hauv cov thawv ntim khoom ua ntej kev sib ntaus sib tua. Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau uas tau tshwm sim los ya lub dav hlau Alpha, lub dav hlau no muaj kev sib ntaus zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo hauv lub dav hlau. Hauv ntau qhov, qhov no tau muab lub dav hlau nrog kev pabcuam ntev hauv cov tub rog ntawm ntau lub tebchaws (cov tub rog hauv tebchaws Fabkis, Belgium, Portugal, Egypt, Morocco thiab lwm lub tebchaws tseem siv lub dav hlau no ua lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua).
Lub dav hlau tua dav hlau Alpha Jet muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj. Ib qho kev xav tawm tswv yim zoo, muaj cov txheej txheem tswj hwm hydraulic sib xws thiab ob lub cav sib nrug sib nrug ntawm ob sab ntawm lub fuselage tau muab lub dav hlau caij rov los rau hauv tshav dav hlau, piv txwv li, yog tias Strela-2 MANPADS swb lawm.
Tsim cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub dav hlau tua dav hlau Alpha Jet
Lub teeb tag nrho-hlau nres dav hlau Alpha Jet tau ua raws li kev teeb tsa huab cua zoo ib yam nrog lub tis siab. Cov cav tau dav sib nrug ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab tau nyob hauv gondolas ntawm ob sab ntawm ib sab nruab nrab ntawm lub dav hlau fuselage. Lub fuselage tseem muaj cov pa nkag sab.
Lub cockpit yog ob tus neeg zaum (Fab Kis hais rau qhov kev xaiv no) nrog kev sib koom ua ke pab pawg (ib leeg tom qab). Lub rooj zaum tom qab tau teeb tsa nrog qee qhov siab dua lub rooj zaum hauv ntej, uas tau muab cov neeg coob thib ob nrog qhov pom zoo, uas tso cai rau nws tsaws ntawm nws tus kheej. Cov neeg coob tuaj yeem suav nrog ob lub teeb sib cais ntawm lub dav hlau uas qhib rov qab. Cov dav hlau Fab Kis tau nruab nrog Martin-Baker Mk.4 lub rooj zaum tshem tawm, uas tso cai rau cov neeg coob tawm hauv lub dav hlau ntawm qhov tsawg kawg 166 km / h, Lub dav hlau German tau txais Stensel SIIIS lub rooj zaum tshem tawm, uas ua kom tshem tawm ntawm xoom ya dav hlau.
Lub dav hlau Alpha dav hlau tua lub dav hlau muaj lub tsheb kauj vab tsaws tsaws iav thiab muaj lub qhov ntswg log. Txhua lub iav tsaws yog ib lub log, tsav yog hydraulic. Lub iav pem hauv ntej tau tswj tau, nws thim rov qab rau hauv lub dav hlau fuselage los ntawm kev tig mus rau tom ntej thiab tau txav chaw 200 hli mus rau sab xis ntawm lub dav hlau nres. Lub ntsiab tsaws iav tau thim rov qab hauv qab ntawm cov pa nkag sab. Kev tsim cov iav tsaws thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub dav hlau tau ua rau nws siv tau los ntawm cov dav hlau uas tsis tau qhib. Cov kws tshaj lij tau sau tseg tias lub tsheb hloov pauv tau zoo rau kev ua haujlwm los ntawm txoj kev me me uas tsis tau tso cai tso cai rau lawv nyob hauv kab hauv ntej, feem ntau hloov pauv lawv lub hauv paus hauv tsev. Nrog qhov hnyav ib txwm nqa mus, qhov kev tawm mus tsuas yog 430 metres, thiab kev khiav yog 500 meters. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau Alpha Jet A, npaj rau German Air Force, tau ntxiv rau nruab nrog qhov xwm txheej ceev. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv nres cov kab hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm tsaws txhawm rau txhawm rau txo qhov ntev ntawm kev khiav.
Cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau tau muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab vam khom qhov xwm txheej ntawm txoj haujlwm nws tau daws. Kev sib ntaus ntawm lub dav hlau yog 2500 kg ntawm 5 qhov nyuaj. Chav nyob rau sab nraub qaum tuaj yeem haum ntim nrog 30-hli Fab Kis lub dav hlau phom DEFA 553 (150 rab phom mos txwv, tus nqi hluav taws 1300 rds / min) lossis German 27-mm Mauser BK27 lub dav hlau phom (120 phom mos txwv, tus nqi sib txawv) ntawm hluav taws - 1000/1700 rds / min), lub thawv ntim nrog ob lub 12, 7 -mm tshuab rab phom (250 ncig ntawm ib lub thoob) kuj tseem tuaj yeem teeb tsa ntawm no. Plaub lub hauv paus tawv tawv tuaj yeem nqa ob lub AIM-9 Sidewinders Air-to-Air cuaj luaj thiab ob lub AGM-65 Mavericks lub dav hlau mus rau saum npoo av, cov foob pob tawg dawb uas hnyav txog 400 kg, nrog rau cov foob pob tawg, cov mos txwv, NAR caliber 70mm napalm tso tsheb hlau luam, rub lub hom phiaj, lossis 310L cov roj tsheb tawm sab nrauv.
Kev ntaus rog Alpha Jet E ntawm Nigerian Air Force
Coj mus rau hauv tus account ntau yam ntawm kev xaiv riam phom thiab qhov loj dua tus txheeb ze sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub dav hlau (txog 30% ntawm kev nqa mus rau qhov hnyav), cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias lub teeb German nres dav hlau tuaj yeem ua tiav ntau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau Alpha Jet tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo ib yam nyob ruaj khov thiab txav mus rau lub hom phiaj ob qho tib si hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tob ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv. Lawv tuaj yeem siv rau kev txhawb nqa hluav taws ncaj qha ntawm cov tub rog hauv av, kev sib cais ntawm tshav rog, ua rau cov yeeb ncuab tsis muaj peev xwm xa cov mos txwv thiab khaws cia, ua kev soj qab hauv dav hlau nrog kev tawm tsam cov hom phiaj pom hauv thaj tsam hauv ntej. Lub dav hlau tseem tuaj yeem siv los cuam tshuam cov yeeb ncuab nyoob hoom qav taub. Ntawm lwm yam, Alpha Jet tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam tawm tsam txoj haujlwm ntawm cov cuaj luaj, cov chaw nres tsheb radar, tshav dav hlau, cov ntsiab lus sib txuas lus, roj thiab cov mos txwv cov chaw muag khoom thiab lwm cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb tub rog.
Kev ua haujlwm dav hlau ntawm Alpha Jet:
Zuag qhia tag nrho qhov ntev: ntev - 13, 23 m, qhov siab - 4, 19 m, tis dav - 9, 11 m, thaj tsam tis - 17, 5 m2.
Qhov hnyav ntawm lub dav hlau yog 3515 kg.
Qhov hnyav ib txwm nqa tawm yog 5000 kg.
Qhov hnyav tshaj plaws nqa tawm - 7500 kg.
Fais fab cog - 2 lub cav turbojet SNECMA / Turbomeca Larzac, ntsaws 2x1350 kgf (tsis siv neeg).
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ya davhlau yog kwv yees li 1000 km / h (ze rau hauv av).
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev nce yog 2700 m / min.
Kev siv dav dav dav dav - 3000 km.
Kev pab cuam qab nthab - 13,700 m.
Cov cuab yeej ua rog - 1x27 -mm Mauser BK27 lub dav hlau phom (120 ncig).
Kev sib ntaus sib tua-txog li 2500 kg ntawm 5 qhov nyuaj: "huab cua-rau-huab cua" thiab "huab cua-rau-saum npoo" cuaj luaj, foob pob, NUR, ntim nrog rab phom lossis phom rab phom tshuab.
Crew: 1-2 tus neeg.
