Lavxias lub dav hlau tab tom kho kho lub nkoj Be-12 Chaika uas tseem tshuav. Lub dav hlau no suav tias yog qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub dav hlau hauv kev pabcuam nrog Lavxias Navy. Lub dav hlau amphibious, tsim hauv Taganrog ntawm nto moo Beriev Design Bureau, thawj zaug coj mus rau saum ntuj thaum xyoo 1960, thiab zaum kawg Be-12 tau tsim xyoo 1973. Tom qab kev hloov kho tshiab thiab teeb tsa cov cuab yeej tshiab, Chaika yuav dhau los ua neeg yos hav zoov tua tsiaj zoo.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau xyoo ntawm kev tsim cov khoom lag luam hauv Taganrog, lawv tau tswj kom sib sau ua ke 143 Be-12 lub dav hlau amphibious. Thaum pib tsim khoom, Soviet Seagull yog lub nkoj loj tshaj plaws uas tsim tau ya hauv ntiaj teb. Txij thaum pib ntawm nws cov kev pabcuam, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Be-12 lub dav hlau yog txhawm rau nrhiav cov yeeb ncuab submarines thiab tawm tsam lawv. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tiv thaiv submarine, hluav taws thiab tshawb nrhiav thiab cawm versions ntawm Chaika kuj tau tsim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee lub dav hlau amphibious tau hloov pauv mus ua Be-12SK (lub ntsiab lus ntawm "Scalp"), cov dav hlau no tuaj yeem nqa hauv nkoj lub foob pob hluav taws hauv qab 5F48, uas yog lub foob pob foob pob uas tsis siv tau ncav cuag txhua tus yeeb ncuab submarine ntawm qhov tob ntawm 500 meters …
Kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Be-12 lub dav hlau amphibious
Qhov tseeb tias Be-12 lub dav hlau amphibious tseem nyob hauv qhov kev pabcuam tau tos txog kev hloov kho tshiab, nws tau paub rov qab los thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2018, thaum thawj daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau tshwm sim txog kev pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev tawm dag zog thiab kev ua haujlwm tsim nyog los pib R & D hloov kho qhov nyuaj ntawm -cov khoom siv ntawm cov nkoj ya. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau tshaj tawm tias txhua Be-12s yuav raug hloov kho tshiab thiab yuav tau txais peb qhov kev nyuaj niaj hnub no kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tshawb nrhiav txog cov yeeb ncuab submarines: radar, hydroacoustic thiab magnetosensitive (kuaj pom lub nkoj submarines los ntawm kev sib nqus ntawm lub nkoj). Nws kuj tseem tau tshaj tawm tias lub foob pob hluav taws ntawm kev them nqi tob thiab tiv thaiv submarine torpedoes siv los ntawm dav hlau amphibious yuav nthuav dav.
Tom qab hloov kho tshiab, hloov kho Be-12 lub dav hlau yuav tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog mus yos hav zoov, tab sis kuj tseem yuav saib xyuas cov yeeb ncuab submarines ntev. Ntxiv rau qhov tshiab hydroacoustic complex, radar stations, sensors thiab magnetic magnetic anomaly detector, nws muaj peev xwm tias Hephaestus niaj hnub pom kev pom huab cua thiab kev taw qhia yuav tshwm rau ntawm Chaeks. Raws li Izvestia cov neeg sau xov xwm, nws tau npaj kom nruab kho tshiab Tu-142 cov dav dav tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv submarine nrog qhov nyuaj no. Feem ntau, tam sim no, Lavxias tiv thaiv submarine naval aviation tseem tab tom hloov kho tshiab: Il-38 tab tom hloov kho rau Il-38N version, thiab Tu-142 rau Tu-142M3M version. Kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Be-12 Chaika cov nkoj ya, uas tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam, tseem haum rau lub tswvyim no, uas tseem yuav muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb yog xav txog qhov tseeb tias Lavxias lub dav hlau tsis tau txais lub dav hlau tshiab amphibious txhua. Niaj hnub no, Be-12 tsuas yog tus sawv cev ntawm chav kawm ntawm kev tsav dav hlau hauv nkoj uas tseem ua haujlwm.
Raws li Admiral Valentin Selivanov, yav dhau los tus thawj coj ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm ntawm Navy, kev hloov kho cov cuab yeej ntawm lub nkoj Be-12 amphibious aircraft yuav ua rau tus qub tub rog ntawm Navy nrog lub neej thib ob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus thawj tub rog ntseeg tias ntxiv rau cov cuab yeej tshiab hauv nkoj thiab txhais tau tias txhawm rau kuaj xyuas cov nkoj hauv nkoj, lub dav hlau tseem yuav xav tau lub tshuab dav hlau tshiab. Hauv kev xam phaj nrog Izvestia, tus thawj tub rog tau hais tias qhov kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm lub dav hlau qub tub rog yog qhov ncaj ncees, vim tias lub dav hlau tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav cov yeeb ncuab submarines muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua thiab nrawm dua li nkoj. Hauv tsuas yog 2-3 teev ntawm kev ya dav hlau, lub nkoj ya tuaj yeem tshawb pom ib nrab ntawm Cov Dub lossis Baltic Seas, thaum cov nkoj tiv thaiv submarine yuav siv ob rau peb hnub rau qhov no. Raws li tus thawj tub rog, raws li kev ya dav hlau ntawm Chaika lub dav hlau amphibious, lawv tuaj yeem siv tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv Dej Dub, Baltic, Barents thiab Nyij Pooj Seas. Raws li lub peev xwm muaj peev xwm ntawm lub dav hlau thiab nws qhov chaw, nws tuaj yeem xav tias lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Be-12 yuav yog kev tshawb nrhiav lub nkoj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob niaj hnub ntawm cov yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm, thaum Tu-142 lub dav hlau yuav zoo dua tiv nrog tshawb nrhiav nuclear submarines.
Txoj hauv kev ntawm lub dav hlau qub tub rog Be-12 "Chaika"
Lub dav hlau, tsim nyob rau ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1950, tseem ua haujlwm nyob rau xyoo 2019 vim li cas. Xyoo dhau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm, Be-12 lub dav hlau amphibious tau qhia nws tus kheej tias yog lub dav hlau tsis txaus ntseeg, ntseeg tau thiab yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, uas tau siv sib npaug nquag siv nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb hiav txwv. Rov qab rau xyoo 1960, lub dav hlau no tau tsim nyob hauv Egypt, qhov twg, ua ke nrog pab pawg thib 5 ntawm cov nkoj ntawm USSR Navy, nws tau saib xyuas hiav txwv Mediterranean. Yog li lub dav hlau tuaj yeem siv tsis yog hauv hiav txwv ciam teb nkaus xwb. Hauv kev xav, Be-12 yuav tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau Mediterranean yav tom ntej, tab sis lub dav hlau yuav ua raws li nyob rau hauv Syrian chaw nres nkoj ntawm Tartus, qhov chaw ruaj khov rau Lavxias Navy tau tsim.
Be-12 yog vysokoplane qub, uas tau txais tis ntawm "Seagull", uas, feem ntau yuav, tau muab lub npe rau lub dav hlau. Xws li lub tis muaj tus yam ntxwv kink, paub ntau los ntawm kev ua tsov rog ua ntej I-153 ib thiab ib nrab dav hlau sib ntaus lossis tsis muaj npe nrov German Ju-87 dhia lub foob pob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Be-12 yog tam sim no yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov dav hlau "gull-wing". Cov neeg tsim qauv tau teeb tsa lub tis zoo li no rau qhov laj thawj zoo, txhawm rau tshem tawm lub cav turboprop kom siab li sai tau los ntawm cov dej saum npoo av thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm dej nyab. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov dav hlau amphibious uas tsaws thiab tawm ntawm dej.
Lub cev ntawm lub dav hlau, tshwj xeeb yog hauv nws qhov qis, zoo ib yam li cov kab nkoj. Hauv qab ntawm lub nkoj ya Be-12 muaj pob txha. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau lub dav hlau kom ya thiab tsaws los ntawm hiav txwv saum npoo av, thiab tseem muab qee qib seaworthiness, uas tseem muaj kev yooj yim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias 8 tawm ntawm 10 lub dav hlau hauv av tsis muaj dej. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, kev ua haujlwm ntawm "Chaika" raug tso cai thaum dej hiav txwv yog kwv yees li 3 cov ntsiab lus, uas sib haum rau qhov siab yoj hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.75 txog 1.25 meters. Hauv qhov no, lub dav hlau tuaj yeem ua haujlwm los ntawm cov dav hlau hauv av, vim nws tau nruab nrog lub tsheb kauj vab uas thim rov qab.
Lub zog cog ntawm Be-12 lub nkoj ya tau sawv cev los ntawm ob lub tshuab AI-20D turboprop nrog lub zog ntawm 5180 hp. txhua tus. Lawv lub zog txaus los ua kom lub nkoj ya nrawm nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 36 tons mus rau qhov ceev ntawm 550 km / h. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev caij nkoj ceev ntawm kev ncig xyuas yog qis dua thiab yog kwv yees li 320 km / h. Qhov dav dav dav tshaj plaws ntawm Be-12 yog 4000 km, tab sis qhov kev tawm tsam ntau yam tsuas yog nyob deb ntawm 600-650 km, muab tias lub dav hlau yuav nyob hauv thaj chaw saib xyuas txog peb teev.
Cov cuab yeej ntawm lub dav hlau amphibious Be-12 "Chaika"
Qhov hloov kho tshiab ntawm Be-12SK, muab rau qhov muaj peev xwm siv 5F48 Scalp nuclear riam phom, tseem yog qhov txawv me ntsis. Cov aviation nuclear tiv thaiv submarine foob pob kom ntseeg tau tias kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab submarines ntawm qhov tob txog li 500 meters thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev tawm tsam tawm tsam saum npoo av thiab lub hom phiaj hauv huab cua thiab tiv tauj hom kev tawg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm Be-12 lub dav hlau amphibious yog qhov ntau dua ib txwm siv qhov tob tob thiab tiv thaiv submarine torpedoes.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev sib ntaus ntawm Be-12 ya lub nkoj yog 3000 kg, qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ib txwm yog 1500 kg. Lub dav hlau muaj 4 qhov nyuaj thiab muaj riam phom sab hauv. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab submarines, Seagull cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem siv PLAB-50 thiab PLAB-250-120 tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua submarine. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thawj qhov kev cia siab me me tau raug khawm ntawm cov foob pob no. Ntau qhov kev cia siab tias kev puas tsuaj yog AT-1 (PLAT-1) tiv thaiv submarine torpedoes, nws hloov kho tshiab AT-1M thiab AT-2. Ob lub dav hlau, suab nrov, hluav taws xob torpedoes tau muaj riam phom ntau dua li cov foob pob.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev tiv thaiv lub nkoj submarine thiab cov torpedoes, lub dav hlau nqa passive tsis-directional buoys ntawm peb hom loj: RSL-N (Iva), RSL-NM (Chinara) thiab RSB-NM-1 (Jeton). Cov npe hydroacoustic buoys rau Be-12 lub dav hlau amphibious yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov xwm txheej hauv qab dej. Txhawm rau txo tus nqi ntawm qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob, lub nkoj tau nruab nrog ntau hom kev dhia ua haujlwm.
