"Dora" thiab "Gustav" - cov phom loj heev

Cov txheej txheem:

"Dora" thiab "Gustav" - cov phom loj heev
"Dora" thiab "Gustav" - cov phom loj heev

Video: "Dora" thiab "Gustav" - cov phom loj heev

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Video: Khawv Koob Tiv Thaiv Riam - Phom - Tso Dab - Neeg Phem - Ntau Yam 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Cov phom loj loj uas loj tshaj plaws ntawm Dora tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1930 los ntawm lub tuam txhab German Krupp. Qhov riam phom no tau npaj los rhuav tshem cov tiv thaiv ntawm ciam teb ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees nrog Belgium, Fabkis (Maginot Line). Xyoo 1942, Dora tau siv cua daj cua dub Sevastopol, thiab xyoo 1944 los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam hauv Warsaw.

Kev txhim kho ntawm German rab phom loj tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 tau txwv los ntawm Treaty of Versailles. Raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm tsab ntawv cog lus no, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees raug txwv tsis pub muaj cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab phom tiv thaiv lub tank, nrog rau rab phom, qhov muaj peev xwm tshaj 150 mm. Yog li, kev tsim cov phom loj loj thiab muaj rab phom loj yog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev hwm thiab muaj koob npe, cov thawj coj ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees ntseeg.

Raws li qhov no, xyoo 1936, thaum Hitler tau mus ntsib ib ntawm Krupp cov chaw tsim khoom, nws tau hais tawm qhov xav tau tias lub tuam txhab kev tswj hwm tsim riam phom muaj zog uas yuav muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem Fab Kis Maginot Kab thiab Belgian ciam teb forts, xws li Eben-Emal. Raws li qhov xav tau ntawm Wehrmacht, rab phom loj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau pob zeb ua tau 7 m tuab, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv 1 m, hauv av nyuaj 30 m, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm rab phom yuav tsum yog 25-45 km. thiab muaj kev taw qhia ntsug ntawm +65 degrees.

Cov pab pawg tsim qauv ntawm "Krupp" kev txhawj xeeb, uas tau koom nrog tsim cov phom tshiab uas muaj zog tshaj plaws raws li qhov xav tau thiab kev xav tau, tau coj los ntawm xibfwb E. Mueller, uas muaj kev paub dhau los hauv qhov teeb meem no. Kev tsim kho txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1937, thiab hauv tib lub xyoo Krupp txhawj xeeb tau muab xaj rau kev tsim cov phom loj 800mm tshiab. Kev tsim tsa thawj rab phom tau ua tiav xyoo 1941. Cov riam phom, hauv kev hwm ntawm E. Mueller tus poj niam, tau muab lub npe "Dora". Phom thib ob, uas yog lub npe "Fat Gustav" ua kev hwm ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Gustav von Bohlen thiab Galbach Krupp, tau tsim thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1941. Ib qho ntxiv, rab phom 520 mm thib peb tau tsim. thiab lub thoob ntev ntawm 48 meters. Nws tau hu ua Long Gustav. Tab sis qhov riam phom no tsis tiav.

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Xyoo 1941, 120 km. mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm Berlin, ntawm Rügenwalde-Hillersleben qhov chaw ntsuas phom tau sim. Qhov kev xeem tau kawm los ntawm Adolf Hitler nws tus kheej, nws tus koom nrog Albert Speer, nrog rau lwm cov tub rog siab. Hitler txaus siab rau qhov kev xeem.

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Txawm hais tias cov phom tsis muaj qee cov txheej txheem, lawv tau ua raws li qhov xav tau uas tau teev tseg hauv cov lus hais. Txhua qhov kev xeem tau ua tiav thaum xyoo 42nd. Cov phom tau xa mus rau cov tub rog. Los ntawm tib lub sijhawm, lub tuam txhab cov chaw tsim khoom tau tsim ntau dua 100 lub plhaub ntawm 800 mm caliber.

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Qee qhov qauv tsim ntawm rab phom

Kev xauv lub tog raj kheej, nrog rau kev xa cov projectiles, tau ua los ntawm cov tshuab hydraulic. Cov phom tau nruab nrog ob tus nqa: rau lub plhaub thiab rau lub plhaub. Thawj ntu ntawm lub thoob tau xoob, qhov thib ob yog cylindrical.

Cov phom tau teeb tsa ntawm 40-qag conveyor, uas nyob ntawm ob txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm txoj kab yog 6 meters. Ib qho ntxiv, ib txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau ntxiv tau muab tso rau ntawm ob sab ntawm rab phom rau kev sib tsoo cranes. Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom yog 1350 tons. Txhawm rau tua phom, ib ntu ntev txog 5 km xav tau. Lub sijhawm nws siv los npaj rab phom rau kev tua suav nrog xaiv txoj haujlwm (nws tuaj yeem mus txog 6 lub lis piam) thiab sib dhos rab phom nws tus kheej (li 3 hnub).

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Duab

Cov cuab yeej thauj khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam.

Cov phom tau thauj los ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau. Yog li, ze Sevastopol "Dora" tau xa los ntawm 5 lub tsheb ciav hlau hauv 106 wagons:

Tsheb nqaj hlau thib 1: cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam (672nd cov phom loj, kwv yees li 500 leej), 43 lub tsheb;

Lub tsheb ciav hlau thib 2, cov cuab yeej pabcuam thiab sib dhos crane, 16 lub tsheb;

Lub tsheb ciav hlau thib 3: rab phom thiab rhiav, 17 lub tsheb;

Lub tsheb ciav hlau thib 4: cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab lub thoob, 20 lub tsheb;

5 lub tsheb ciav hlau: mos txwv, 10 lub tsheb.

Kev siv sib ntaus

Dora tau koom nrog Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob tsuas yog ob zaug.

Phom tau xub siv los ntes Sevastopol xyoo 1942. Thaum lub sijhawm sib tw no, tsuas yog ib qho ua tiav los ntawm Dora lub plhaub tau sau tseg, uas ua rau muaj kev tawg ntawm qhov chaw mos txwv nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm 27 meters. Tus so ntawm Dora qhov kev txhaj tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv av mus rau qhov tob ntawm 12 meters. Tom qab qhov tawg ntawm lub plhaub, qhov zoo li cov duab uas muaj txoj kab uas hla txog 3 meters tau tsim rau hauv av, uas tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau rau cov tiv thaiv ntawm lub nroog. Hauv Sevastopol, rab phom tua 48 lub foob pob.

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Duab

Tom qab Sevastopol "Dora" raug xa mus rau Leningrad, thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau Essen rau kev kho vaj tsev.

Lub Dora tau siv zaum thib ob hauv xyoo 1944 txhawm rau tshem tawm Warsaw Uprising. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau dua 30 lub foob pob raug tua los ntawm rab phom hauv Warsaw.

Xaus ntawm Dora thiab Gustav

1945-22-04, cov tub rog nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm 36 km. los ntawm lub nroog Auerbach (Bavaria) pom cov phom tseem tshuav "Dora" thiab "Gustav" tau tawg los ntawm cov neeg German. Tom qab ntawd, txhua yam uas tseem tshuav ntawm cov neeg loj ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II tau raug xa mus ua kom yaj.

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