Tej zaum, peb txhua tus txij thaum yau tau paub txog cov lus "hauv plab". Thiab nws tau txuas nrog hauv peb lub siab, ua ntej tshaj plaws, nrog txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb ntawm kev nkag mus. "Ntawm lawv lub plab" txhais tau tias nthuav tawm thiab nkag mus, huddled rau hauv av. Tab sis yog tias muaj lo lus "hauv plab", ces kuj muaj lo lus "hauv plab".
Hauv tebchaws Russia, cov tub ceev xwm tau hu ua neeg saib xyuas, uas, qhov tseeb, yog qhov sib piv ntawm cov chav tshwj xeeb niaj hnub no. Qhov kev tshem tawm no tau nrhiav los ntawm Cossacks ntawm Kuban (yav tas los - Hiav Txwv Dub) Cossack pab tub rog. Lub Kubans twb tau paub thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws rau lawv cov tub rog zoo, thiab cov neeg saib xyuas tau tseeb "qhov zoo tshaj plaws." Los yog, qhov tseeb dua, "tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws."
Rov qab rau hauv Zaporizhzhya Sich hnub, Cossacks tau hu ua "cov neeg soj xyuas" - cov neeg saib xyuas uas tuaj yeem "nthuav tawm" thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab chaw pw tsis tau pom dua. Thaum Cossacks tau rov qab mus rau Kuban, Cov Tub Rog Hiav Txwv Dub tau hla kev coj ua ntawm Plastun cov neeg tawg rog. Tab sis tam sim no cov neeg soj xyuas twb tau ua rau lub yeeb koob ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Xyoo 1842, Pab pawg Plastun tau tsim los ntawm taw thiab nees chav ntawm Cov Tub Rog Hiav Txwv Dub.
Nws tsis yooj yim kom nkag tau rau hauv plastuns. Nws yuav tsum muaj tus yam ntxwv zoo, txawm tias los ntawm cov qauv ntawm Kuban Cossacks tus so - lub cev muaj zog, ua siab ntev, tsis pom kev, txawj yos hav zoov. Keeb kwm, ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm kev xaiv cov neeg sib tw rau plastuns tau tsim. Cov neeg sib tw no tau xaiv los ntawm "cov txiv neej laus" los ntawm cov tub rog uas raug sim tshaj plaws thiab tau kawm tiav, thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas nrhiav tau sim los ntawm "Plastun dynasties" - uas yog, cov tsev neeg uas yog leej txiv, yawg thiab yawm txiv yog Plastuns.
Ib qib siab heev ntawm kev tawm dag zog lub cev tau xav los ntawm plastun. Nws tsis yooj yim rau taug kev nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj hla cov roob thiab hav zoov, nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm huab cua, ua kom sov li plaub caug degrees, cua sov lossis los nag.
Yog li ntawd, plastun yuav tsum yog tus neeg mob hnyav thiab mob siab rau, npaj txhij tos qhov tsim nyog thiab tsis muaj kev mob siab rau nyob hauv ntau Cossacks. Koj tuaj yeem yog tus neeg tua rog zoo heev, tab sis tsis muaj kev ua siab ntev - thiab tom qab ntawd nws yuav ua haujlwm tsis zoo, vim tias nws tsis yooj yim los dag rau ntau teev nyob rau hauv lub tiaj nyom, tsis ntxeev siab rau koj lub xub ntiag nrog kev txav mus los lossis xeb. Dab tsi yog ib qho "tua kom tawg" tus nqi - raug tua hauv qhov tsaus ntuj kiag li, nrog qhov tsis pom kev, uas tsis tiv thaiv plastuns los tsoo lub hom phiaj txawm nyob hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no.
Lawv tau sim xaiv cov neeg yos hav zoov rau plastuns, vim nws yog ib yam - kev txawj ua tub rog uas tuaj yeem qhia rau yuav luag txhua tus neeg nrhiav neeg tshiab, thiab qhov sib txawv kiag li - cov txuj ci uas tsuas yog tus neeg yos hav zoov tuaj yeem muaj txij thaum yau los. Nyob ntsiag to txav mus los, nrhiav txoj hauv kev kom raug, muaj txoj sia nyob hauv hav zoov tob lossis hauv toj siab - nws yuav siv sijhawm tsis yog ntau lub hlis, tab sis ntau xyoo los qhia txhua yam no rau cov neeg nrhiav neeg zoo. Cov neeg yos hav zoov, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau xaus rau hauv Plastun units, twb muaj tag nrho cov txuj ci saum toj no.
Ib qho ntxiv, plastuns tau qhia kom tua, kawm paub sib ntaus sib tua, thiab qhia lawv txog kev siv phom loj. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov plastuns tau ua tub rog nrog cov xov sib txuas, uas cov neeg tshem tawm tau txuas nrog. Qhov tseeb, cov neeg soj xyuas yog "cov tub rog thoob ntiaj teb" leej twg, txij li nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tau koom nrog yuav luag txhua qhov kev tsov kev rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws-Caucasian, Crimean, Tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish, Tsov rog Lavxias-Nyij Pooj thiab Thawj Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Kawg.
Hauv lub neej niaj hnub, cov neeg saib xyuas hnav khaub ncaws ntawm Circassian (Caucasian) yam thiab tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm North Caucasus, uas lawv feem ntau yuav tsum tau sib ntaus thaum lub xyoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntev thiab ntshav. Cov plastun cov khaub ncaws suav nrog lub tsho Circassian, lub kaus mom, chuvyakov (khau tawv tawv tsis muaj luj taws, uas zoo rau kev txav nrawm thiab ntsiag to) los ntawm cov tawv nqaij npua teb nrog cov plaub hau sab nrauv, rab phom roj, ib qho ua los ntawm cov tshis tsiaj qus, lub kaus mom, rab phom, lub hnab rau mos txwv, tes sib tsoo, rab riam thiab txhaws. Cossack saber nto moo tau hnav tsuas yog hauv chav lossis thaum nws tsim nyog koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua qhib. Txawm tias lub plastun choke tsis tau siv rau txhua qhov, nyiam ua haujlwm nrog rab riam, nplawm los yog txhais tes. Grenades tau siv los ua qhov chaw kawg - raws li txoj cai, txhawm rau muab pov rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab thaum pom, thiab tom qab ntawd "ua ob txhais ceg".
Hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm Tsov Rog Caucasian, cov neeg saib xyuas tau ua pov thawj tsis yooj yim. Lawv, paub zoo txog kev ua neej thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg nce toj, tawm tsam qhov kawg hauv tib txoj kev ib yam li nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum tshwj xeeb cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tawm tsam cov neeg ntxeev siab hauv cov tebchaws ntawm "ntiaj teb thib peb" - lawv ua nrog lawv tus kheej txoj kev. Cov plastuns zoo li txhua qhov txaus ntshai tshaj rau cov lus txib ntawm European cov tub rog, uas tau ntsib "Cossack tshwj xeeb rog" thaum Tsov Rog Crimean.
Plastuns tau siv los ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias los tsim kev ua phem rau tom qab cov yeeb ncuab kab thiab kom tshem tawm cov phom loj, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab phom loj. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 28, 1854, plastuns, txiav tawm Fabkis cov tub xa xov, nqa tag nrho cov neeg raug foob hauv lub roj teeb thiab, yuam cov neeg raug kaw kom nqa phom, nqa mus rau peb lub thoob phom phom phom rau cov tub rog Lavxias.
Qhov tseeb, nws yog kev siv cov neeg soj xyuas hauv Crimean Tsov Rog uas tau ua rau muaj kev tsim cov tub rog txawj ntse ua ib feem ntawm cov tub rog ib txwm ua tub rog. Thaum xub thawj, cov chav no yog "tsis raug cai" - cov thawj coj tswj hwm tau xaiv cov tub rog siab tawv tshaj plaws, txawj ntse thiab cob qhia cov tub rog, ua rau lawv txhaws caj pas thiab xa lawv mus rau kev saib xyuas hmo ntuj. Yog lawm, qib kev qhia ntawm cov tub rog soj ntsuam tau qis dua li ntawm cov neeg soj xyuas, tab sis qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias lawv tawm tsam tsawg dua.
Thaum sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev tiv thaiv Sevastopol, ntau Kuban Plastuns sib txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej, thiab 2nd Kuban Plastun Battalion txawm tau txais St. George Banner nrog cov ntawv sau "Rau qhov piv txwv sib txawv hauv kev tiv thaiv Sevastopol xyoo 1854 thiab 1855". Thib 8 Plastun pawg tub rog tau txais St George's daim ntawv sau nrog "Rau qhov sib txawv hauv kev ntes lub fortress ntawm Anapa thaum Lub Rau Hli 12, 1828 thiab ua piv txwv ua siab loj hauv kev tiv thaiv Sevastopol xyoo 1854 thiab 1855."
Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, 24 Plastun cov tub rog tau mus rau pem hauv ntej. Nws yog qhov nthuav uas cov neeg soj xyuas tau tawm tsam hauv yuav luag txhua qhov haujlwm ntawm hauv ntej. Piv txwv li, ntawm Caucasian pem hauv ntej, cov plastun tshem tawm tuaj yeem nkag mus tau txawm tias thaj chaw ntawm Iraq niaj hnub no. Ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm plastuns yog kev tiv thaiv ntawm Sarikamish. Kev faib cov neeg Turkish, txav mus rau hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog Turkish, tau raug nres los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv ciam teb thiab cov tub rog, thiab tom qab ntawd cov tub rog pib txav mus rau hauv nroog. Rau plaub hnub, 1st Kuban Plastun cov tub rog tau tawm tsam kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav heev ntawm txoj kev hauv nroog. Tab sis cov Turks tseem muaj peev xwm ntes lub chaw nres tsheb thiab cov tub rog. Hnub plaub ntawm kev sib ntaus, tsuas yog ob puas ntawm 6th Kuban Plastun pawg tub rog tseem nyob hauv qhov tshwj tseg, uas cov lus txib txiav txim siab muab pov rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum yav tsaus ntuj. Tsis muaj kev tua ib zaug, cov neeg soj xyuas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov chaw ntawm pab tub rog Turkish thiab npaj kev tua neeg tiag tiag nyob ntawd.
Tsis ntev Turks pib thim rov qab, thiab cov neeg tshawb nrhiav, nrhiav lawv, txov ib pawg loj ntawm Turkey hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov Turks tau poob txog 800 tus neeg raug tua thiab raug mob. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau raug cawm los ntawm cov neeg ncig. Thiab cov lus txib siab dua tsis tau tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm plastuns yam tsis muaj nqi zog. Qhov thib 6 Kuban plastun cov tub rog rau kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Sarykamysh tau txais txoj cai hnav tus huab tais lub npe monogram, thiab Nicholas II tus kheej tau tuaj txog ntawm lub hauv ntej kom muab lub siab tawv plastuns.
Plastuns sib txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv ntau txoj haujlwm tsaws. Piv txwv li, nws yog cov neeg soj xyuas uas saib xyuas qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Turkey chaw nres nkoj ntawm Trebizond los ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias, los ntawm kev muab cov tub rog Turkish thib 3 ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov neeg Lavxias. Peb pawg tau hloov pauv hauv Plastun units thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1. Kev poob tau siab, tab sis plastuns tau tawm tsam siab tawv heev.
Kev Tawm Tsam thiab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog tau cim qhov kawg ntawm Plastun kev sib cais ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias qub. Feem ntau ntawm plastuns tau xaus rau hauv Pab Pawg Ua Haujlwm Pab Dawb, tawm tsam ntawm sab "dawb" hauv Caucasus. Leej twg tuag, leej twg mus rau kev ntiab tawm. Los ntawm txoj kev, hauv kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, qee tus Cossacks-scouts tau nkag mus rau hauv pab tub rog txawv teb chaws thiab tau ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov chav tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov xeev txawv teb chaws.
Nyob rau hauv Soviet Russia, plastunas tau hnov qab ntev - "decossackization" tsis tso cai rov nco txog kev ua siab loj ntawm cov tub rog siab tawv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb tshiab hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm Red Army thiab NKVD tau tsim, uas tsis qis dua rau cov neeg soj xyuas ntawm pab tub rog huab tais hais txog lawv qib kev kawm.
Nyob rau xyoo 1930s lig, Soviet kev coj noj coj ua tau txwv tsis pub siv Cossacks hauv pab tub rog liab. Qee cov tub rog caij nees raug hu ua "Cossack". Thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg, lawv kuj tseem nco txog cov tub ceev xwm. Thaum pib lub Cuaj Hli 1943, Pawg Rifle Roob 9, uas tsis ntev los no tau koom nrog kev sib ntaus rau Krasnodar thiab tau txais lub npe zoo "Krasnodar", tau thim rov qab mus rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Tus Thawj Coj Loj-hauv-Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws. Tsis ntev nws tau rov kho dua tshiab thiab raws nws qib 9 Plastun Rifle Krasnodar Red Banner Order ntawm Red Star Division uas muaj npe tom qab Pawg Thawj Coj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm ntawm Georgia SSR tau tsim.
Kev faib haujlwm yog cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Kuban Cossacks - Soviet kev coj noj coj ua twb paub lawm los ntawm lub sijhawm no tias Cossacks yog cov tub rog loj thiab nws yuav ruam tsis siv lawv lub siab tawv thiab kev sib ntaus zoo. Chav nyob ntawm Tshooj 9 Plastun tau koom nrog hauv Vistula-Oder, Moravian-Ostrava, Prague thiab lwm yam haujlwm, tso lub nroog thiab cov nroog ntawm thaj tsam sab hnub poob thiab koom pheej ntawm USSR, Sab Hnub Tuaj Europe los ntawm Nazi kev txeeb chaw.
Tshooj 9 suav nrog 36th Plastun Rifle Regiment, 121st Red Banner Plastun Regiment, 193rd Plastun Rifle Regiment, 1448th Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment, 256th Artillery Regiment, 55th Separate Anti-Tank Destroyer Division, 26th tuam txhab tshawb nrhiav, 140th engineer Battalion, 232nd cais cov tub rog sib txuas lus (1432nd cov tuam txhab sib txuas lus sib cais), 123rd cov kws kho mob thiab kev huv huv, 553rd cov tuam txhab sib cais ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg, 161st lub tuam txhab thauj lub cev muaj zog, 104th chaw ua mov ci, 156th cov kws kho tsiaj hauv tsev kho mob, 203rd chaw tom qab chaw nres tsheb thiab 216th cov nyiaj ntsuab ntawm lub txhab nyiaj hauv Xeev. Major General Pyotr Ivanovich Metalnikov (1900-1969) tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm kev faib.
Tom qab kev ua tsov rog, xyoo 1946, kev sib faib tau rov ua dua tshiab rau hauv pawg neeg thib 9 Plastun Rifle Krasnodar, Red Banner, Orders of Kutuzov thiab Red Star brigade npe tom qab Supreme Soviet ntawm Georgia SSR. Xyoo 1949, ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm pab tub rog, Lub Roob Roob Phiab Krasnodar 9, Liab Liab Liab, Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Kutuzov thiab Red Star faib, nyob hauv Maykop, tau rov tsim dua. Xyoo 1954, kev faib khoom tau hloov pauv mus rau Pawg Rifle 9th, thiab xyoo 1957, Lub Tuam Tsev Phom Phom 80th. Xyoo 1964, tau faib cov lej rov qab, thiab xyoo 1992, 131st cais cov phom loj Krasnodar, Red Banner, xaj ntawm Kutuzov thiab Red Star, Kuban Cossack pawg tub rog tau tsim los ntawm kev faib phom loj thib 9.
Txij li xyoo 2009, tus ua tiav rau cov npe tub rog thiab kev sib cais yog 7th Krasnodar Red Banner Orders ntawm Kutuzov thiab Red Star, cov tub rog puag hauv Abkhazia. Yog li, kev coj noj coj ua zoo ntawm Kuban Cossacks uas tau tawm tsam hauv txhua qhov kev tsov rog uas tau ua los ntawm Lavxias Lub Tebchaws, Soviet Union, thiab Lavxias tau raug khaws cia rau niaj hnub no.
Lub hauv paus tau tso los ntawm Plastun cov tub rog Kuban Cossack tam sim no tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm Lavxias pab tub rog thiab lwm lub zog hauv lub tebchaws. Thiab lo lus "plastun" nws tus kheej yog cuam tshuam nrog kev muaj peev xwm tsis txaus ntseeg thiab txuj ci zoo los tua cov tub rog kom ntsiag to, ntes cov yeeb ncuab "tus nplaig", thiab ua cov haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws tom qab kab yeeb ncuab.
