Cov phom cua thiab rab phom yog thawj cov riam phom "tiag" uas tus menyuam feem ntau tau paub. Tam sim no peb tsis tham txog menyuam yaus rab yaj phom nrog cov mos txwv yas thiab tsis hais txog phom xim / phom phom, tabsis hais txog phom cua uas tua cov mos txwv lossis cov hlau hlau. Coob leej neeg nco txog kev tua cov duab nrog Izhevsk cov phom cua Izh-22 thiab Izh-38, uas tau nthuav dav heev nyob rau yav dhau los USSR. Rau ntau tus, qhov no yog thawj lub sijhawm tua nrog rab phom "hlau", kom hnov qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom thiab hnov tsw ntawm rab phom roj. Ntau yam ntawm cov phom zoo ib yam, suav nrog tus sau, tau siv los tua thaum lub sijhawm qhia tub rog nyob qib siab hauv tsev kawm ntawv ("tsheb me", phom ntev ntawm. 22 l.r. caliber, lub sijhawm ntawd tau raug tshem tawm ntev los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv).
Tom qab kev tawg ntawm USSR, kev lag luam tau ntsib kev txhim kho sai. Kev tsim tawm txawv teb chaws "pneumatics" tau nchuav rau hauv lub tebchaws, cov qauv tshiab ntawm cov cuab yeej pneumatic hauv tsev tau tshwm sim. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov pa / raug mob, cov qauv txawv teb chaws zoo heev hauv qhov zoo, tab sis feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov teeb ci, uas txwv lawv lub zog thiab lub neej nquag. Yooj yim muab, lub silumin tawg. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau rab phom pneumatic. Cov cuab yeej pneumatic hauv tsev yog ua los ntawm cov hlau ruaj khov, tab sis feem ntau yuav tsum tau rov ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv "nyob hauv qhov chaw".
Pneumatic riam phom tuaj yeem faib raws li txoj hauv kev kom tau txais lub zog rau ntuav lub foob pob. Hauv tebchaws Russia, peb qhov kev xaiv feem ntau yog siv-lub tog raj kheej pneumatics (ntawm cov kaus poom nrog cov pa roj carbon dioxide CO2), lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav-piston pneumatics, thaum rab phom raug them los ntawm kev siv tshuab txav ntawm lub piston, vim qhov tawg ntawm lub thoob lossis thim rov qab qib tshwj xeeb, thiab pneumatics nrog pre-pumping (PCP). Hauv tebchaws Russia, muaj kev txwv rau qhov muaj peev xwm (txog 4.5 hli) thiab lub zog (txog 7.5 J) ntawm cov tshuab pneumatics. Nrog lub zog nce txog 3 J, qhov muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem yog ib qho, txij li los ntawm qhov pom ntawm txoj cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, xws li pneumatics tsis yog riam phom, tab sis ib yam khoom "yam ntxwv zoo ib yam" rau nws. Pneumatic riam phom nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 7.5 J txog 25 J tau yuav raws li daim ntawv tso cai rau tua phom, ua raws li cov txheej txheem ib yam li thaum tau txais daim ntawv tso cai kom tau txais cov riam phom du. Pneumatic riam phom hauv tebchaws Russia tuaj yeem yog 4.5, 5.5 thiab 6.35 mm. Pneumatics txog 7.5 J tuaj yeem xaj dawb los ntawm cov pej xeem Lavxias pib txij hnub nyoog 18 xyoo.
Roj pneumatics tau sawv cev rau feem ntau los ntawm rab yaj phom, uas muaj cov lej loj hauv khw. Tsis muaj qhov laj thawj tshwj xeeb los yuav roj-lub tog raj kheej pneumatics hauv rab phom version. Rau feem ntau, rab phom rab phom pneumatic yog siv rau kev ua si lom zem ntawm lub hom phiaj, cov kaus poom, fwj, thiab ntau ntxiv. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tom qab ob peb qhov xwm txheej zoo nrog kev tua phom pneumatic ntawm tib neeg, txoj cai tau raug coj los siv, thiab tam sim no tab tom siv, txwv tsis pub nqa thiab tua phom pneumatic hauv lub xeev them nyiaj, hauv nroog, sab nraud. tshwj xeeb thaj chaw.
Nws tsis muaj kev txiav txim siab los txiav txim siab ntxaws ntxaws txhua qhov kev nplua nuj ntawm kev ua lag luam, peb yuav tso tawm ob peb tus qauv. Los ntawm kev kuaj hauv tsev - qhov no yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm Makarov rab yaj phom "PM" - MR -654K. Pneumatic PM tau pib tsim nyob rau xyoo 90s lig thiab lub sijhawm no nws tau muag hauv kev ncig loj heev.
Thaum pib, nws zoo li hloov kho tshiab ntawm Makarov rab yaj phom - PMM. Muzzle zog txog 3 J, ntawv xov xwm rau 13 lub pob hlau thiab lub tog raj kheej CO2. Tam sim no, qhov tsos zoo dua nyob rau thawj PM. Lub phom me yog lub hauv paus hlau tag nrho, tso cai thiab yuav tsum tau "napilling", uas tso cai rau koj kom ua kom zoo dua qub thiab txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tua. Tus kws sau ntawv tau pom tus kheej thaum ntxov xyoo 2000s MR-654K hloov kho los ntawm tus kws ua khoom siv, zoo li yuav luag tsis sib xws ntawm PM kev sib ntaus.
Los ntawm kev kuaj txawv teb chaws, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab SIG Sauer P320 ASP. Cov phom rab phom no yog daim ntawv theej ntawm SIG Sauer M17 rab phom tiv thaiv, tau siv los ntawm Asmeskas Cov Tub Rog los hloov Beretta M9 rab yaj phom. Cov tsos, nrog rau qhov hnyav, hom kev ua haujlwm (USM) thiab lub zog ua haujlwm zoo ib yam rau cov qauv kev sib ntaus. Muaj qhov ua piv txwv ntawm kev thim rov qab thiab txav ntawm lub shutter (BlowBack). Tuav 30 4.5 mm cov mos txwv hauv cov ntawv xov xwm zoo ib yam.
Ntxiv rau kev lom zem, qhov no thiab lwm yam riam phom zoo sib xws yog tsim rau tsim kev txawj tua thawj zaug, tau siv rau qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntev ntawm riam phom. Qee cov qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej pneumatic tuaj yeem siv rau "blasting", piv txwv li ua cov kev tawm dag zog hauv kev qhia ua raws li cov cai ntawm IPSC (xyaum ua haujlwm) yam tsis tau txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha - txav mus, thawb, tsom mus rau lub hom phiaj, thiab lwm yam.
Ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm pneumatics rau CO2, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias hauv huab cua txias lossis ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ceev (vim yog kev nthuav dav adiabatic), lub zog ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj txo qis sai.
Peb yuav tsis nyob ntawm phom-lub tog raj kheej phom, vim lub tswv yim lawv tsis txawv ntawm rab phom.
Lwm qeb ntawm airguns yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav-piston phom thiab rab yaj phom. Txawm li cas los xij, rab phom nyob ntawm no twb tau txais qhov tseem ceeb, yog li peb tsuas yog xav txog cov phom. Cov twb tau hais txog "tua" phom loj Izh-22 thiab Izh-38 yog cov khoom siv zoo li no.
Tam sim no, tus ua tiav ntawm Izh-22 thiab Izh-38, rab phom phom Mr-512, tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev sib piv ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav-piston pneumatics ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv tsev. Cov qauv no yog "tawg" - phom phom nrog tsoo los ntawm kev tsoo lub tog raj kheej txheeb ze rau ntawm rab riam phom.
Thaum pib, kev tsim qauv ntawm MP-512 tau ua raws cov qauv qub, tab sis tom qab ntawd muaj ntau qhov kev hloov kho, suav nrog kev tsim qauv yav tom ntej. Lub zog muzzle raws li daim ntawv hla tebchaws nce mus txog 3 J. Zoo li pneumatic "PM", rab phom MP-512 yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv siv tau yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej siv phom. Hauv Is Taws Nem, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kho cov phom no. Tus nqi qis ntawm MP-512 ua rau nws feem ntau yog thawj qhov tau txais cov tub tua phom.
Ntxiv rau qhov tsis muaj ntawv tso cai, muaj ib qho version ntawm MP-512M "Magnum", 5.5 mm caliber thiab lub zog qhov ncauj txog li 25 J (ntawm cov khw lub vev xaib nws tam sim no muaj lub npe MP-513M).
Hauv qhov nqi qis tshaj ntawm cov phom caij nplooj ntoo hlav, Diana phom ntev yog ib tus thawj coj. Tej zaum tus neeg sawv cev nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm hom khoom no yog Diana 54 tus qauv. Ua haujlwm, nws lub zog nyob hauv qhov kev tso cai 7, 5 J. Kuv tsis paub tam sim no zoo li cas, tab sis thaum ntxov 2000s tus sau tau muab cov qauv no hauv teeb nrog ob lub springs ib zaug. Los ntawm thawj qhov, nws ua tau raws li txoj cai lij choj, los ntawm qhov thib ob, raws li tus neeg muag khoom, lub zog ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tau dhau los ntau dua, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm lub peev xwm ntawm rab phom no.
Lub peev xwm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav-piston phom, nrog rau cov phom zoo uas pheej yig tau hloov pauv, twb tau tso cai yos hav zoov me me.
Qhov zoo ntawm rab phom piston caij nplooj ntoo hlav yog qhov tsis xav tau huab cua ntxiv. Cov mos txwv phom cua yog pheej yig, thiab tom qab kev nqis peev thawj zaug hauv phom thiab tsom iav pom, tus nqi ntxiv yog tsawg. Vim tias qhov hnyav thiab tus nqi ntawm cov mos txwv rau pneumatics, koj tuaj yeem siv ntau ntawm lawv rau kev tua tsiaj, yog li lub sijhawm tua tsiaj yuav raug txwv tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua siab ntev ntawm tus tua.
Qhov tsis zoo suav nrog qhov tseeb tias qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub piston loj heev ua rau muaj zog poob siab ntawm qhov muag pom, uas ua rau nws cuam tshuam sai sai. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov kev xaiv ntawm "optics", piav qhia nws qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv phom phom caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
Qhov kawg ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm pneumatics yog lub tshuab ua ntej lub tshuab cua tshuab (PCP). Hauv cov cuab yeej siv pneumatic nrog kev tso ua ntej, lub zog ntawm lub mos txwv tau muab los ntawm huab cua nrawm, uas yav dhau los tau tso rau hauv lub pas dej tshwj xeeb. Lub siab hauv lub tank tuaj yeem ncav cuag 300 atmospheres. Cov cua tuaj yeem tso tau ntau txoj hauv kev-nrog lub tshuab ua kom siab siab, lub tshuab tso dej siab, lossis rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov chaw tshwj xeeb. Tus nqi ntawm lub tshuab ua kom siab siab pib ntawm kwv yees li 20,000 rubles, rau Suav qauv, yam tsis muaj kev lees paub. Cov cuab yeej zoo siv tus nqi los ntawm 200,000 rubles. Kev siv lub tshuab ua kom siab siab yuav tsum tau siv zog ua haujlwm hnyav los ntawm tus tua, tus nqi ntawm cov twj yog kwv yees li 5,000 rubles. Txhawm rau khaws cov cua nrawm, tshwj xeeb lub tog raj kheej siab siab tau siv. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov thooj voos kheej kheej uas ntim rau hauv ntau txog 300 qhov chaw ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj yog tias khaws cia tsis raug.
Txhawm rau nkag siab lub peev xwm ntawm PCP riam phom, cia pib rau saum.
Ib qho ntawm cov phom cua muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog 0.458 (11.63 mm) Quackenbush. Thaum tua nrog lub mos txwv hnyav 32 grams, ua kom nrawm txog 214 m / s tau ua tiav thiab lub qhov ncauj lub zog hluav taws xob tau nce mus txog 650 J. Qhov no tshaj li qhov hnoos qeev zog ntawm rab phom rab phom ntawm 9x19 caliber.
Nws tau npog los ntawm German Umarex Hammer rab phom cua hauv. 50 (12.7 mm). Lub zog muzzle yog lub siab xav tsis thoob (rau pneumatics) 955 J (mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1030). Tsis zoo li feem coob ntawm cov neeg sib tw ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm no, rab phom muaj ntau rab phom thiab muaj peev xwm tua 3 zaug ntawm lub zog siab tshaj plaws. Nrog nws nws yog qhov ua tau los tua tsiaj npua teb.
Peb ntsia, ua npau suav thiab tsis nco qab. Hauv tebchaws Russia, kev muag cov khoom no thiab lwm yam zoo sib xws hauv rab phom phom yog raug txwv los ntawm txoj cai.
Cov lus nug tshwm sim, vim li cas lub hwj chim ntawm lub tshuab pneumatic hauv tsev tsuas yog 25 J? Qhov no feem ntau yuav ua tiav txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev siv pneumatics rau kev tua, vim tias, muab lub suab ntsiag to ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tua neeg nrog rab phom PCP nyuaj nrhiav thiab taug qab. Hauv kev xav, tus qauv ntsiag to thiab muaj zog PCP pneumatics qauv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov chaw ua txhaum cai ib yam.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev lag luam hauv tsev ntawm PCP phom tuaj yeem thov nrog ntau yam tsis muaj zog, tab sis ntau yam qauv ntau yam. Ntau lub tuam txhab muag riam phom hauv tebchaws Russia, suav nrog xws li Ataman, Cricket, EDgun, Jager, Kral, Umarex thiab lwm yam. Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm PCP rab phom zoo yog los ntawm 50,000 txog 150,000 rubles.
Ib lub tuam txhab tsim khoom tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm pneumatics ntawm PCP tsev neeg tuaj yeem raug hu ua tuam txhab hauv tsev EDgun. Phom phom ntawm "Matador" series, yog ib qho kev nthuav dav tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, tau ua raws li cov phiaj xwm "bullpup" thiab tau muag hauv calibers 4.5, 5.5, 6.5 mm nrog cov phom sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev.
Cov phom PCP raug muag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tso cai, nrog lub zog qhov ncauj ntau tshaj 25 J, lossis raws li ib yam khoom "yam ntxwv zoo ib yam" rau riam phom, nrog rau lub qhov ncauj lub zog txwv txog li 3 J. Qhov tseeb, feem ntau ntawm cov tswv, tom qab kev yuav "rab phom zoo ib yam", tsim raws li hauv qab no hu ua "airing", i. e. tsim kev hloov pauv txhawm rau nce lub zog siab tshaj plaws los ntawm riam phom. Koj yuav tsum paub tias cov kev ua no tsis raug cai, tus tswv raug ntes los ntawm tub ceev xwm nrog rab phom "strangled" yuav muaj teeb meem, tsawg kawg qhov no yuav ua rau poob phom tsis pheej yig.
PCP pneumatics tsis muaj yam uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov muag pom, yog li kev xaiv qhov pom rau nws yog qhov yooj yim heev.
Cov phom PCP feem ntau yog nruab nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev. Txij li cov mufflers raug txwv nyob hauv Russia, lawv tau raug hu ua lub suab nruab nrab, tab sis lub ntsiab lus tseem zoo ib yam. Kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm PCP pneumatics tsis nrov heev li lawm, nws tau txo qis vim yog siv tus neeg hais lus ntsiag to. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, rab phom rab phom loj tuaj yeem sib piv tau zoo hauv nws cov yam ntxwv nrog SV-99 rab phom me me nrog lub suab ntsiag to, tsim rau chav tiv thaiv kev ua phem ntawm Lavxias cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm rab phom PCP muaj zog tom qab "nce nqi", nrog cov mos txwv raug, qhov tseeb tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua 25 J. Kev yos hav zoov nrog pneumatics yog qhov sib txawv heev ntawm kev yos hav zoov nrog rab phom du, thiab txawm yos hav zoov nrog rab phom loj. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lub zog qhov ncauj tsawg yuav tsum tau tua kom raug ntawm qhov chaw tua ntawm qhov kev ua si, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis muaj kev thim rov qab thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov phom PCP zoo ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua qhov no rau hauv kev xyaum. Lub suab tsis muaj zog ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob ntshai qhov kev ua si.
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kev yos hav zoov nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev tsis tau raug tswj hwm los ntawm txoj cai lij choj, yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo paub koj tus kheej nrog cov cai ntawm kev yos hav zoov tua tsiaj qhov twg yuav tsum yog.
Thiab thaum kawg, lwm tus neeg sawv cev zoo ntawm riam phom pneumatic. Nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm PCP pneumatics - nws yog riam phom pneumatic nrog lub raj xa dej - "Brocock Air Cartridge System" (BACS). Nyob rau hauv hom riam phom no, daim cartridge-cartridge (Air-Cartridge) suav nrog ob lub thawv me me, lub valve thiab lub mos txwv. Thaum raug rho tawm, tus pin tua qhib lub valve, uas ua rau kev tua ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Pneumatic cartridges tuaj yeem sib pauv ua kom puv, zoo li riam phom ib txwm muaj. Cov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khawm
Qhov dav tshaj plaws yog rab phom rab phom nrog lub tshuab BACS, txawm hais tias muaj cov qauv ntawm rab phom thiab phom ntev ntawm hom no.
Tsis ntev dhau los, rab phom rab phom ntawm BACS system tuaj yeem yuav tau dawb, tab sis tam sim no lawv tsis muag rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Lavxias. Pom tseeb, lub zog siab uas tuaj yeem tau txais hauv riam phom no, ua ke nrog nws qhov kev cog lus me me, tsis muaj suab nrov thiab muaj peev xwm rov ntim tau sai dua, ua rau qhov tseeb tias cov neeg muaj peev xwm tso tseg tsis muab ntawv pov thawj rau riam phom huab cua ntawm BACS system.
