Siv tau thiab siv tau. Lancers ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog

Cov txheej txheem:

Siv tau thiab siv tau. Lancers ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog
Siv tau thiab siv tau. Lancers ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog

Video: Siv tau thiab siv tau. Lancers ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog

Video: Siv tau thiab siv tau. Lancers ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog
Video: Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm Yuav Ua Li Cas 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Thaum tig ntawm XVIII-XIX ib-paus xyoo. hauv Tebchaws Europe, hom tshiab ntawm lub teeb cavalry, lancers, tau nthuav dav. Cov tub rog caij nees ntawm hom no muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li lwm cov tub rog, uas tau pab txhawb kom lawv pom sai thiab nthuav tawm hauv txhua lub tebchaws ntawm sab av loj. Hauv cov tub rog Lavxias, Uhlan cov tub rog tau muaj yuav luag thoob plaws xyoo 19th. thiab thaum kawg tau raug tshem tawm tsuas yog tom qab kev tawm tsam xyoo 1917.

Txauv kev coj noj coj ua

Lub sij hawm "ulans" (los ntawm Turkic "cov hluas") tau xub siv los cuam tshuam nrog Tatar kev tsim ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania. Hauv XIV xyoo pua, tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm Golden Horde, ntau Tatars tau tsiv mus rau thaj av Poland thiab Lithuania. Cov neeg nyob hauv no tau nkag mus rau kev pabcuam ntawm pab tub rog Lithuanian, qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog tub rog tau tsim los ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv XVII caug xyoo. lub npe Uhlans tau raug xa mus rau lawv.

Cov neeg Polish-Lithuanian Tatars tau khaws cov tub rog kev coj ua ntawm Golden Horde, uas cuam tshuam qhov pom thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm Uhlan cov tub rog. Lawv yog cov tub rog hnyav, muaj riam phom, hneev taw, thiab ntaub thaiv npog. Sij hawm dhau mus, hneev thiab xib xub muab txoj hauv kev rau phom phom. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no tau tso cai lancers los daws cov haujlwm ntau yam, los ntawm kev soj qab saib tom qab kom tawm tsam cov tub rog nyob rau ntawm tshav rog.

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Nyob rau hauv XVIII caug xyoo. Poland tsim nws cov tub rog ua rog, thiab nws yog nws cov tub rog uas tom qab cuam tshuam rau lwm pab tub rog. Cov kws kho mob Polish tau tsim ntau tus kab ke tshiab. Yog li, nws tau nyob hauv tebchaws Poland uas tau tsim Uhlan lub hau nrog lub hau hemispherical thiab lub xwmfab sab saum toj. Tsis tas li, cov kws kho mob hauv tebchaws Polish yog thawj tus uas tau hnav zoo ib yam nrog lub caj dab dav, npog yuav luag tag nrho lub hauv siab. Tom qab ntawd, lub tsho zoo li no tau "zam" hauv lwm pab tub rog.

Cov kev sib raug zoo nyob sab Europe mus rau kev tsim Uhlan cov tub rog yog cuam tshuam nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm Kosciuszko kev tawm tsam, tom qab ntawd ntau tus tub rog Polish tau khiav mus rau Fabkis. Xyoo 1796, ntawm qhov pib ntawm General J. Dombrowski, ob tus tub rog Polish tau tshwm sim hauv pab tub rog Fabkis. Ob peb xyoos tom qab, lawv tau ntxiv nrog thawj Uhlan cov tub rog, tsim thiab teeb tsa raws li kev coj ua Polish.

Siv tau thiab siv tau. Lancers ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias
Siv tau thiab siv tau. Lancers ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias

Tsis ntev, cov neeg ua haujlwm Polish ntawm pab tub rog Fabkis tau qhia lawv tus kheej zoo hauv kev tshaj tawm xov xwm Italian thiab Spanish - thiab nyiam mloog cov thawj coj ntawm lwm lub tebchaws. Ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, lawv tus kheej lancers tau tshwm sim hauv txhua lub xeev tseem ceeb ntawm sab av loj. Cov tsos ntawm Uhlan cov tub rog tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus ntawm cov tub rog - lawv ua tiav ntxiv cov cuirassier, hussar thiab dragoons.

Cov tub rog Lavxias

Nws yog qhov xav paub tias lub teeb cavalry nrog pike tau tshwm sim hauv pab tub rog Lavxias ntev ua ntej qhov "zam" dav dav rau cov lancers. Thawj peb qhov kev xaiv ntawm pikemen nrhiav tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1764 los ua haujlwm hauv Novorossiya. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li tuaj yeem txiav txim tau, lawv tsis raug rau txawv teb chaws cuam tshuam loj hauv cov qauv, riam phom thiab kev tawm tsam.

Raws li txoj cai, Lavxias uhlans tau tshwm sim xyoo 1803. Tsis ntev ua ntej ntawd, hauv St. Petersburg, lawv tau ntsib Austrian kev tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm, uas suav nrog tus kws lis haujlwm lancer. Nws lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj thiab ua rau muaj kev txaus siab Tsarevich Konstantin Pavlovich, thiab nws ntseeg Emperor Alexander I kom pib tsim nws tus kheej Uhlan cov tub rog. Thawj qhov kev tsim tau tsim los ntawm plaub lub hussar regiments, los ntawm qhov uas lawv coj ob pab tub rog.

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Ua ntej Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, lawv tau tswj kom tsim tsib Uhlan cov tub rog, suav nrog. ib qho uas yog ib feem ntawm Tus Saib Xyuas Lub Neej. Xyoo 1812, tsib qhov ntxiv tau tsim los txhawm rau them rau cov tub rog poob. Xyoo 1816-17.qhov thib ob Lub Neej Tiv Thaiv Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab ntau lwm yam kev tsim tau pib ua haujlwm. Feem ntau ntawm Uhlan cov tub rog tau tsom mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws, ze rau ciam teb. Qee qhov kev pabcuam tau ua haujlwm hauv lwm thaj chaw, mus txog rau Urals.

Xyoo 1827, ib theem tshiab ntawm kev hloov kho cov qauv ntawm cov lancers tau pib; cov txee tshiab tau tshwm sim thiab cov uas twb muaj lawm tau hloov pauv. Hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej no, cov uhlans tau mus txog tus lej siab tshaj plaws hauv lawv keeb kwm, tom qab uas pib txo qis. Xyoo 1864, tau suav cov lej txuas ntxiv ntawm cov kab ke ua haujlwm, txij li 1st txog rau 14th.

Tau ntau caum xyoo, ntau Uhlan cov tub rog tau muab kev tiv thaiv ciam teb thiab koom nrog txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb loj ntau zaus. Qhov kev pabcuam no txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1882, thaum kev hloov kho tub rog tau ua tiav. Cov tub rog Ulan, tshwj tsis yog Tus Saib Xyuas Lub Neej, tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov tub rog. Xyoo 1908, kev hloov pauv rov qab tau ua tiav, uas yog 17 Uhlan cov tub rog tau tshwm sim hauv pab tub rog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv, cov cuab yeej thiab cov txuj ci tseem nyob zoo ib yam - zoo li cov dragoons.

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Txij li xyoo 1914, uhlans tau koom nrog hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, tab sis kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub hauv ntej thiab cov teeb meem kev tsim vaj tsev nce txwv lawv txoj haujlwm. Xyoo 1918, uhlans, nrog rau lwm cov txheej txheem, thaum kawg raug tshem tawm vim qhov qub dhau thiab tsis sib xws nrog cov phiaj xwm rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov tub rog uas tau tsim tshiab.

Lance thiab rab yaj phom

Thawj cov khaub ncaws uhlan tau tsim raws li hom neeg txawv tebchaws. Nws tau txawv los ntawm "Uhlan-style cap" nrog lub xwmfab sab saum toj thiab sultan, nrog rau cov khaub ncaws hnav nrog lub dav dav. Kuj suav nrog yog cov ris nrog cov tub rog caij nkoj. Cov xim tseem ceeb ntawm cov khaub ncaws yog xiav thiab xiav tsaus. Qee lub ntsiab lus tau ua hauv cov xim sib txawv, uas tau ua lub cim, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los txiav txim qib thiab koom nrog cov tub rog.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm kawg ntawm nws lub neej, tom qab kev rov zoo los ntawm cov tsiaj nyaum, cov khoom siv ntawm cov lancers muaj cov khaub ncaws taug kev, zoo ib yam thoob plaws hauv cov tub rog. Nws suav nrog lub hau lossis lub kaus mom, lub tsho khaki lossis lub tsho, lub ris xiav xiav thiab khau looj plab hlaub. Rau riam phom tau npaj lub duav thiab lub xub pwg siv. Cov qib qis dua hnav lub xub pwg pluaj nrog cov tub rog lub encryption.

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Hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lawv lub neej, Lavxias uhlans tau ua tub rog nrog sabers thiab pikes ntawm cov qauv tsim - rau tua cov tub rog, tub rog lossis lwm tus yeeb ncuab. Ntawm qhov xaiv muaj cov chij, xim uas txiav txim siab tias yog koom nrog ib pab tub rog tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd, cov cuab yeej tau ntxiv nrog rab yaj phom flintlock, uas nthuav tawm cov peev txheej sib ntaus. Cov riam phom nyuaj no tseem tsis tau hloov pauv mus txog nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua puv 19. Ob peb xyoos ua ntej kev hloov kho, nrog kev hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov neeg tua tsiaj, cov tub rog caij nees tau siv riam phom.

Tom qab kev hloov kho, cov khoom siv ua rog hloov pauv dua thiab yuav luag tsis raug kho yav tom ntej. Cov kws kho mob tau ntsib Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb nrog rau rab phom saber. 1881/1909 thiab rab phom "Nagant". Lwm hom rab phom tau tso cai, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau yuav ntawm lawv tus kheej cov nuj nqis. Cov qib qis tau ua tub rog nrog rab phom saber thiab rab phom "Cossack". Xyoo 1891 Ib feem ntawm cov tub rog tau txais pike thiab rab phom. Tom qab kev tawm tsam kev ua tsov ua rog, vim muaj teeb meem hauv kab khoom, kev tsis sib xws ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab riam phom tau cuam tshuam.

Cov tub rog yav dhau los

Lancers hauv kev nkag siab ib txwm muaj tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Lawv tau qhia lawv lub peev xwm siab thiab lawv qhov zoo tshaj lwm hom cavalry, uas tau pab txhawb rau lawv txoj kev siv dav thiab siv sijhawm ntev. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws, Uhlan chav nyob hauv lawv daim ntawv tseem tau ua haujlwm txuas mus txog thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd, lawv kuj tau tso tseg kev ua tub rog caij nees tsis raug cai.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias Uhlan chav nyob tseem nyob hauv qee pab tub rog, tab sis qhov no yog, tsis yog, lub npe hwm rau kev khaws cia ntawm kev coj noj coj ua. Cov neeg txawv teb chaws niaj hnub no tsis hnav cov khaub ncaws zoo nkauj, tsis muaj phom nrog pikes thiab txav mus rau ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv, thiab tsis yog ntawm nees.

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