Cov duab ntawm kev xav tias yog tub rog Byzantine tau kov. Tej zaum txhiab tus txiv neej muaj xws li "ib pab tub rog", tab sis tsis yog qib thiab cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsis txawm tias tus thawj coj. Thiab txawm tias cov lus Askiv sau rau ntawm daim duab tsis ntseeg kuv, tab sis txawm tias qhov tsis sib xws.
Krasnoyarsk (npe menyuam yaus), Lub Rau Hli 1, 2019
Tsis txhob teb cov ruam tawm ntawm nws qhov ruam, yog li ntawd
koj yuav tsis zoo li nws;
Tab sis teb cov ruam tawm ntawm nws ruam, kom nws tsis
dhau los ua tus neeg txawj ntse hauv nws lub qhov muag.
Paj Lug 26: 4, 26: 5
Cov duab keeb kwm. Yog li muaj qhov teeb meem pom tseeb ntawm tsis paub. Ntawd yog, ntau yam yooj yim tsis xav txog qhov piv txwv rau kab lus thiab phau ntawv ntawm cov ncauj lus keeb kwm tau yug los. Thiab zaj dab neeg txog qhov no yuav yog qhov txaus siab rau ntau tus neeg nyeem "VO", vim tias txhua qhov kev piv txwv no tsis muaj dab tsi ntau dua li zaj dab neeg rov ua dua.
Cia peb paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab "nyob", uas yog, piv txwv ntawm nws cov haujlwm. Thiab peb muaj lub sijhawm no hnub no. Thiab qhov no yog lub sijhawm tsis tshua muaj, txij li tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv nyiam qhia lawv "chav ua noj", ib leeg piav qhia ntxaws txog dab tsi thiab lawv ua li cas. Tab sis … "rau ib tus phooj ywg zoo thiab pob ntseg los ntawm pob ntseg." Yog li saib, nyeem thiab rau leej twg, dab tsi yuav zoo li tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav - nug. Qhov no yog, piv txwv li, piv txwv los ntawm phau ntawv "Cov Tub Rog ntawm Volga Bulgars thiab Khanate ntawm Kazan 9th-16th Century" (Osprey, Men-at-Arms # 491). Nws tau tsim los ntawm Harry thiab Sam Embleton. Txiv thiab tus tub. Garry tau ua haujlwm rau Osprey rau ntau dua 20 xyoo. Nyob hauv Switzerland, qhov uas nws kuj tsim cov duab rau tsev cia puav pheej. Raws li kev kos duab, nws piav txog cov tub rog (ob daim duab sawv ntawm sab xis) txhua tus tuaj yeem pom hauv kev nthuav qhia ntawm National Museum ntawm koom pheej ntawm Tatarstan hauv Kazan. Lawv sawv ntawm qhov rooj iav. Kuv thaij lawv los ntawm txhua sab thiab … cov kws ua yeeb yam tsuas yog kos lawv hauv "kev ua neej nyob"!
Zoo, Kuv yuav tsum pib nrog qhov tseeb tias kuv yuav tsum ntsib teeb meem ntawm kev piv txwv rov qab rau xyoo 1995-1997, thaum Prosveshchenie tshaj tawm lub tsev tau npaj Knights ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog rau luam tawm. Tom qab ntawd cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Soviet xov xwm tseem muaj sia nyob thiab cov phau ntawv zoo sib xws tau tawm nrog "duab", thiab tsis yog nrog duab los ntawm Is Taws Nem. Cov qauv rau tus kws kos duab tau muab los ntawm cov ntawv sib xws ntawm Askiv tshaj tawm lub tsev "Osprey" thiab cov phau ntawv los ntawm Funkens. Ntxiv mus, nws tau dhau los ua tus neeg nkag siab: nws kos txhua yam kom raug, tab sis hauv qhov sib txawv kiag li, ntau npaum li cov duab hauv paus ntawm txhua daim duab tsis sib xws nrog txhua qhov. Tab sis cov ntsiab lus tau me ntsis plooj, yog li txhua yam yog "zoo li no" thiab tib lub sijhawm, "tsis zoo li ntawd"!
Ib qho kev rov tsim kho thaum ntxov uas tau poob rau hauv kuv lub siab yog daim duab los ntawm phau ntawv hais txog Spartacus thaum ntxov 50s ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los. Nws tau ua raws cov fresco hauv Pompeii thiab niaj hnub no (tsawg kawg rau kuv!) Ua rau muaj lus nug ntau. Kuj tseem muaj kev rov txhim kho dua, hauv kuv lub tswv yim raug dua … Tab sis qhov no yooj yim dua los qhia, nws loj dua thiab txhua cov ntsiab lus tau pom meej ntawm nws.
Los ntawm txoj kev, cov kws ua yeeb yam no tsis tshua muaj neeg pom. Piv txwv li, Kuv pib nrhiav "analogue" hauv kuv Penza thiab kuv tau qhia tus poj niam uas "kos khaub ncaws zoo" thiab yuav luag npaj cov duab kos rau ua yeeb yam. Kuv tau ntsib nrog nws, muab nws daim ntawv theej ntawm daim duab los ntawm Osprey tsab ntawv rau kev sim. Thiab kuv tau … Kuv nug: "Vim li cas koj thiaj muaj txoj siv sia ntawm koj txoj siv? Saib ntawm koj lub hnab, yog qhov ua tau. "" Ah, qhov ntawd … tab sis nws yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb! " Lawv pom kuv ob tus tub ntxhais kawm tiav ntawm peb lub tsev kawm kos duab hu ua V. I. Savitsky. Kos ob ntawm peb cov tub rog, koom nrog Kev Sib Tw ntawm Cov Dej khov, rau ib tsab xov xwm hauv Askiv phau ntawv xov xwm Military Vogamer. Thiab nws zoo li ua haujlwm tau zoo. Tab sis xyov nws puas nrov heev. I. Zeynalov tsim cov duab piv txwv zoo heev. Lawv kuj tau tshaj tawm hauv tebchaws Askiv, hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Military Vogamer", "Military Illustrated", hauv Belgium hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "La Figurin", tab sis … nws tau siv hlau thiab tsis yog ua piv txwv. Tom qab ntawd peb tus kws kos duab V. Korolskov tau lees paub los tsim phau ntawv hauv "Osprey", thiab tom qab ntawd nws kuj tau tsim phau ntawv "Knights, Castles, Riam phom", tab sis … nws raug tshem tawm ntawm lub sijhawm tsis raug nrog lub cev pob txha. Thiab ntawm no nws twb tau tsim los ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm Osprey tshaj tawm tsev nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj tshaj. Thiab nws tau nthuav heev, txawm hais tias nyuaj, nws yuav yooj yim tsim nyog los qhia txog nws.
Cov neeg paub txog cov ntawv Askiv no xav tias yuav tsum muaj qhov qhia meej yim xim hauv Maine Arms series. Uas txhua tus kws kos duab tau caw ua hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev, tab sis hauv txoj ntsiab cai cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam. Ua ntej, tus kws sau npaj tsab ntawv rau txhua daim duab, uas yog, nws sau leej twg nyob ntawm nws, thiab kwv yees li ntawm txoj haujlwm twg. Hauv qhov no, txhua daim duab raug suav thiab "nws lub sijhawm" tau qhia. Tom qab ntawd koj, thiab tsis yog lwm tus, tsis yog "lwm tus txiv ntxawm" ua tus kos duab rau txhua tus duab. Nws yuav tsis zoo heev, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm kom ntxaws. Ntawd yog, yog tus tub rog muaj lub kaus mom hlau ntawm nws lub taub hau, tom qab ntawd yuav tsum muaj daim duab lossis kos duab ntawm lub kaus mom hlau no, thiab txuas mus rau qhov chaw - nws tuaj qhov twg tuaj. Yog tias muaj tus qauv ntawm cov khaub ncaws, tom qab ntawd … kuj tseem muaj duab - raws qhov koj tau muab tso rau ntawm no.
Tab sis qhov no yog kev txhais lus dawb me ntsis ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm "tus tub rog ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th", tsim raws li cov duab no thiab cov duab. Sau A. Sheps. Ntawd yog, muab tias txhua tus tub rog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsis hnav tib lub tsho tiv no, tab sis … ntau txoj hauv kev lawv tau nyob ze thiab tau qiv qee yam ib leeg los ntawm ib leeg hauv ntau txoj kev, xws li kev rov tsim kho muaj txhua txoj cai nyob!
Lwm qhov kev tsim kho nrov heev los ntawm A. Sheps. Qhov tseeb, tsis yog kev rov tsim dua tshiab, tab sis kev kos duab kos duab rov los ntawm cov xim zoo nkauj. Ua ntej peb yog Roger de Trumpington nrog cov duab ntawm Tsev Teev Ntuj Trumpington hauv Cambridgeshire, nyob ib puag ncig 1329. Lub pose yog ib txwm hloov pauv. Tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm daim duab no yog tias tsis muaj tus qauv ntawm daim ntaub thaiv (nws yog qhov me me thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom pom tias muaj dab tsi nyob ntawd) thiab nws tsis paub tias lub hauv caug hauv ncoo yog xim dab tsi. Yuav ua li cas yog tias lawv yog tooj liab lossis lawv puas tau muab pov tseg?
Tom qab ntawd los "pleev xim paj". Koj qhia cov khoom siv uas qhov no lossis qhov nthuav dav ntawm cov ris tsho uas koj muab tau ua thiab nws cov xim. Nws yog qhov zoo heev yog tias cov duab siv raws li tus thawj. Tab sis lawv yuav tsum yog los ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab nrog qhov taw qhia - los ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej twg thiab leej twg yog tus sau qhov kev rov tsim kho no.
Txhua yam no tau qhia los ntawm cov xub thiab suav, thiab ntawm cov ntawv txuas nrog rau daim duab, xim ntawm txhua qhov nthuav dav tau sau thiab - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, lawv tau coj los ntawm qhov twg. Ntawd yog, dua, cov duab ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom nthuav tawm lossis cov duab luam ntawm cov duab tseem ceeb yog qhov tsim nyog.
Qhov no tau ua raws los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nws tus kheej, thiab txij li lub sijhawm dhau los koj tau xa daim duab npaj npaj ua kom pom meej. Cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee tus kws tshaj lij Askiv yog nthuav. Piv txwv li, tib yam Angus McBride, uas nyob hauv Africa ze Cape Lub Nroog, tsis tsuas yog muaj chav kos duab, qhov uas nws tseem qhia cov hluas, tab sis kuj … ruaj khov! Cov tub ntxhais hluas, hnav khaub ncaws nruj, nws tso rau ntawm tus nees thiab … thaij duab ntau yam nrog rab hmuv lossis hneev hauv nws txhais tes. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau ua tus phab ej zoo los ntawm daim duab thiab ua kom nws nrog cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, txhua yam yog qhov yooj yim heev: Kuv tau mus rau qhov chaw ruaj khov, xaiv tus nees zoo, tus neeg ntawm qhov siab raug thiab tsim, thiab tom qab ntawd thaij duab thiab kos duab.
Tab sis dua nws tsis coj dab tsi "los ntawm nws lub taub hau". Txhua yam ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog thiab riam phom tuaj yeem pom pom los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov peev txheej ntawm peb qhov pov tseg - cov khoom pov thawj hauv tsev cia puav pheej, lossis cov khoom me me los ntawm cov phau ntawv nyob rau nruab nrab, lossis cov khoom siv qis thiab cov duab puab. Qhov no yog, tau kawg, lub hauv paus zoo. Koj coj, piv txwv li, Trajan kab ntawv thiab tsuas yog rov sau dab tsi ntawm nws. Yog, muaj qee qhov "tsis muaj tseeb" nyob ntawd (los ntawm txoj kev, Kuv twb tau tham txog lawv ntawm VO), tab sis tag nrho qhov no yog qhov tseeb tiag. Lossis koj puas xav tau Iranian tus tub rog ntawm VI xyoo pua. Yog li tom qab txhua qhov muaj qhov yooj yim nrog Shah Shapur, qhov twg txawm tias cov saw xa xov tuaj. Zoo, cov duab yog khoom plig tiag tiag. Raws li hauv lawv tus kheej, lossis theej lawv cov duab, nrog rau lawv cov duab kos duab twb tau ua rau lawv lawm. Txawm tias kuv tuaj yeem ua nws - coj cov duab zoo li no thiab hloov pauv mus rau hauv nws cov khaub ncaws qhov tseeb ntawm lub cev ntawm tus txiv neej los ntawm Is Taws Nem. Muaj cov neeg zoo li no thiab tsis yog ib tus!
Tab sis txhawm rau ua txhua yam no, koj yuav tsum paub cov peev txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau, thiab tseem muaj kev nkag tau rau lawv. Zoo, piv txwv li, thaum kuv tab tom sau phau ntawv hais txog riam phom ntawm Kazan cov tub rog, kuv tau mus rau Kazan, mus rau tom lub tsev khaws khoom qub thiab thaij duab piv txwv ntawm riam phom thiab cuab yeej cuab tam, nrog rau cov tub rog tau nthuav tawm hauv National Museum ntawm Tatarstan. Tsis tsuas yog cov duab lawv tus kheej, tab sis kuj kuaj ntawm ntaub. Kuv yuav tsum mus rau hauv tsev qiv ntawv tsev kawm qib siab thiab saib cov phau ntawv ntawm cov kws sau hauv nroog thiab luam lawv cov duab, taug kev ncig tag nrho Kazan Kremlin thiab thaij duab ntawm Syuyumbike ntauwd (raws li cov khoom siv piv txwv), hauv ib lo lus, siv sijhawm ntau thiab kev rau siab. Thiab tom qab ntawd muaj Moscow, Lub Tsev Khaws Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm thiab Lub Tsev Khaws Khaub Ncaws, thiab cov ntawv mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Murom, Elabuga, Bulgar thiab lwm lub nroog nrog thov kom xa duab lossis tso cai rau lawv tshaj tawm. Thiab tom qab ntawd, los ntawm kev khaws thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los tsim cov duab kos.
Thiab ntawm no kuv tau rov muaj hmoo heev nrog tus sau phau ntawv. Nws tau dhau los ua xibfwb qhia ntawv hauv University of Nottingham, Dr. David Nicole. Thiab nws hloov tawm tias nws yog tus tub ntawm tus kws sau phau ntawv uas paub zoo hauv tebchaws Askiv thiab paub yuav kos zoo li cas thaum yau. Tsis txaus los qhia kuv tus kheej phau ntawv kuv tus kheej, tab sis zoo heev los npaj cov duab zoo rau tus kws kos duab. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws kuj tau sim pab txhawb nws txoj haujlwm kom txwv. Nws kos ob peb daim duab ntawm tib neeg thiab nees, thiab tom qab ntawd … tsuas yog hloov pauv lawv raws li xav tau! Yog li ib tus thiab tib tus tib neeg yog Vajtswv nyob nrog nws ob tus tub rog Lavxias thiab Mongol, thiab nees nyob hauv qab lub nra sib txawv thiab nrog cov hlua sib txawv sib kis los ntawm ib puas xyoo rau ib puas xyoo. Tab sis hauv txoj ntsiab cai nws yog qhov laj thawj, txij li nws tau npaj rau tus kws kos duab, leej twg, raws li nws cov duab kos thiab raws li kuv tsab ntawv, yuav tsum ua xim piv txwv.
Yog li, hais txog kev piav qhia ntawm Osprey lub tsev tshaj tawm, peb tuaj yeem hais tias lawv yog keeb kwm tshwj xeeb, txhua qhov me me hauv lawv muaj nws tus kheej qhov laj thawj, thiab tus kws kos duab "gag" hauv lawv tsuas yog lub ntsej muag thiab lub ntsej muag qhia … Zoo, thiab yog tias ib tus neeg xav sim lawv txoj hmoov los ua haujlwm nrog lub tsev tshaj tawm no, tom qab ntawd … npaj kom ua tiav txhua qhov kev xav tau no!
P. S. Nws zoo li cov qauv ntawm cov ntawv ua lus Askiv nrog cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov xim thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau ntawm no, lawv siv ntau qhov chaw. Tab sis tsis muaj lawv, ib yam, alas, tsis pom qhov twg!
P. P. S. Yog li tsis txhob hais lus phem txog cov neeg hais lus Askiv. Los ntawm txoj kev, peb kuj muaj tsawg tus tswv ntawm qib no, tab sis lawv muaj nyob. Cov no yog Oleg Fedorov, thiab Roberto Pallacios Fernandez, thiab Nikolai Zubkov, thiab Igor Dzys, thiab A. Sheps, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, kuj zoo kawg nkaus kos cov cuab yeej siv tub rog. Kuj tseem muaj cov uas kos cov tub rog tom qab lub sijhawm, tab sis kuv tsis paub lawv.
