Armor rau "sib xeem khiav". Vienna Armory

Armor rau "sib xeem khiav". Vienna Armory
Armor rau "sib xeem khiav". Vienna Armory

Video: Armor rau "sib xeem khiav". Vienna Armory

Video: Armor rau
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Knights thiab armor. Tib neeg tau npaj kom zoo li qub, txawm tias qhov zoo, tsis tu ncua rau lawv, thiab lawv xav tau qhov tshiab rau lawv tus kheej. Txhua qhov qub tau tshwm sim hauv kev sib tw knightly. Qhov no yog li cas, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, ib yam tshiab ntawm kev sib tw sib ntaus sib tua nrog hmuv tau yug los, uas thaum kawg tau nrov heev. Nws tau txais lub npe rennen, uas yog - "kev sib tw nees". Nws zoo li tau tsim los ntawm Margrave Albercht ntawm Brandenburg, uas yog tus hlub zoo ntawm txhua yam kev ua tub rog. Lub hom phiaj ntawm duel zoo li tseem nyob zoo ib yam - kom "tsoo hmuv" ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lub ntsej muag lossis tsoo nws tawm ntawm lub eeb, tab sis tam sim no kev kos duab ntawm kev tswj tus nees tau dhau los ua qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb, yog li ib zaug duel muaj tam sim no tig mus rau hauv cov duels uas tau tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho gallop. Hauv qhov no, cov hmuv siv rau "refraction" yuav tsum tau hloov "ntawm kev mus."

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Raws li txoj cai ntawm kev taw, cov tub rog, tom qab txhua qhov kev sib tsoo, coj lawv cov nees thiab rov qab mus rau qhov chaw uas lawv tau pib tawm tsam, uas yog, lawv tau sib cais. Ntawm no lawv tau so rau qee lub sijhawm, thiab cov squires ntawm lub sijhawm no tuaj yeem kho lawv cov mos txwv thiab muab hmuv tshiab rau lawv. Tag nrho cov no tau siv sijhawm, thiab cov neeg tuaj saib tau pib ntseeg qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Tam sim no tsuas yog tsis muaj sijhawm nyob rau kev nkees ntawm kev sib tw! Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog tias cov tub rog tau faib cov nees, sib tsoo nrog ib leeg, "tsoo hmuv", tom qab ntawd tig cov nees thiab qhov ntawd yog lub siab dhia mus rau lawv qhov kawg ntawm cov npe, qhov uas lawv tau nqa hmuv tshiab "ntawm qhov mus "thiab rov maj mus tua lawv tus nrog sib ntaus. Yuav muaj peb qhov kev tawm tsam lossis ntau dua. Nws yog los ntawm ntau qhov "kev sib tw" uas qhov kev sib tw zoo li no tau hu ua "kev sib tw nees"!

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Ntxiv mus, lub tsho tiv thaiv tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj cai tshiab. Thiab yog tias yav dhau los shtechzeug tshawb nrhiav nws keeb kwm los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv nrog lub kaus mom hlau saum toj kawg nkaus, qhov tshiab rennzeug, thawj zaug, tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom qub Germanic Gothic armor ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, thiab qhov thib ob, cov zaub xam lav (sallet) los ua lub kaus mom hlau rau nws.. Lub kaus mom hlau tsis muaj lub visor, tab sis nrog lub qhov pom. Qhov no xav tau tom qab ntawd los muab lub dav hlau tua rog nrog huab cua zoo dua thiab muab nws pom ntau dua. Tom qab tag nrho, lub kaus mom hlau tuaj yeem txav mus rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub taub hau, thiab yog li taug kev hauv nws yam tsis tshem nws, thiab tsuas yog tsim nyog, txo nws mus rau lub ntsej muag.

Armor rau "sib xeem khiav". Vienna Armory
Armor rau "sib xeem khiav". Vienna Armory

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub hauv ntej ntawm kev sib tw zaub xam lav tau ntxiv dag zog, thiab cov khoom siv tau muab rau qhov yooj yim kho kom zoo nkauj - sultan ntawm cov plaub, uas hloov cov duab qub uas tau pleev xim los ntawm ntoo, plaster thiab papier -mâché. Cov cuirass nyob rau pem hauv ntej, zoo li ntawm shteichzog, muaj rab yaj phom, thiab sab nraub qaum muaj tus tuav nrog rab hmuv txhawb nqa. Tab sis txij li cov zaub qhwv tsis tau tiv thaiv qis dua ntawm lub ntsej muag, lub puab tsaig hlau tau txuas rau lub cuirass. Ib qho "tiab" ntawm cov kab uas txav tau tau txuas rau txoj siv ntawm lub cuirass, uas dhau mus rau tib yam lamellar txav tau legguards. Sab nraum qab ntawm cuirass muaj qhov txiav loj uas nws cov duab zoo li tus ntoo khaub lig. Qhov "tiab" so nrog nws qis kawg ntawm lub eeb, zoo li hauv shtekhzog.

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Ib qho tshwj xeeb tarch lossis renntarch kuj tau tsim rau rennzoig. Nws tau ua los ntawm ntoo thiab npog nrog dub tawv tawv nrog cov hlau txuas nrog ntawm ntug. Nws haum zoo rau lub cev, rov ua dua cov duab ntawm tus neeg caij lub hauv siab thiab lub xub pwg sab laug, thiab tsuas yog nyob hauv qab heev tau khoov me ntsis. Nws qhov loj yog nyob ntawm hom kev sib tw. Hauv "qhov tseeb" rennen thiab bundrennen nws yog qhov loj me los ntawm caj dab rau lub duav, thiab hauv "nyuaj" rennen - los ntawm qhov pom qhov hlais ntawm lub kaus mom hlau mus rau nruab nrab ntawm tus ncej puab. Nws yog kev coj ua los npog nws daim ntaub nrog tus tswv lub cim cim lossis tus qauv zoo ib yam li cov qauv ntawm nws tus nees daim pam.

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Cov hmuv, uas tau siv hauv Rennen, kuj yog qhov tshiab. Nws yog qhov sib dua li qhov qub, uas tau siv los tsoo nees tawm ntawm qhov chaw, thiab tau ua los ntawm cov ntoo mos muag. Dinah nws yog 380 cm, txoj kab uas hla 7 cm, thiab hnyav txog 14 kg. Ntxiv mus, cov lus qhia pib ua kom ntse, tsis yog blunt. Cov ntaub thaiv npog, uas siv los ua ib daim duab zoo li lub raj, tam sim no dhau los ua qhov loj dua, tau txais cov lus qhia ua ntej, thiab tam sim no, tau muab tso rau ntawm rab hmuv, nws twb tau npog tag nrho sab tes xis ntawm tus neeg sib ntaus, los ntawm lub dab teg mus rau xub pwg heev. Tus tub rog tau tswj nws nrog tus nqaj ntawm nws sab hauv, yog li coj tus hmuv ntawm lub hom phiaj.

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Nyob rau tiam 15th thiab 16th, kev txhim kho hom kev sib tw sib tw tau tshwm sim, ua raws, zoo li ua ntej, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ob qhov kev tawm tsam tsis sib haum. Raws li ua ntej, cov tub rog caij nkoj ntawm cov npe tau ua kab nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim siab tawm tsam thiab tawm tsam ib leeg ntawm kev hais kom ua. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tam sim no yog nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, uas tau dhau los ua qhov hloov pauv zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm. Ua ntej qhov no, cov tub rog siv cov cuab yeej sib ntaus sib tua zoo ib yam nrog qhov sib txawv tsuas yog chins tau txuas ntxiv rau lawv, mus txog qhov pom ntawm lub kaus mom hlau, thiab tseem, yog tias xav tau, tus khwb khiab khiab mis - txhawb ntxiv ntawm sab xub pwg ncoo. Cov cuab yeej sib tw sib tw sib txawv los ntawm kev sib ntaus tsuas yog nyob rau sab saud ntawm nws daim kab xev tsis muaj tuab tuab, thiab ntawm lub lauj kaub muaj 2-3 qhov rau ntsia hlau, nrog rau lub puab tsaig txuas. Kev sib tw hmuv zoo li rab hmuv sib ntaus, tsuas yog luv me ntsis, tuab dua, thiab nrog cov lus qhia ntev.

Tam sim no rau kev sib tw, Stechen thiab Rennen pib siv tib lub cuab yeej nees tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau lawv. Cov duab ntawm lub eeb thiab lub reins, uas tam sim no zoo tib yam hemp hlua, txiav nrog cov hlua ntawm cov xim zoo ib yam li daim pam nees, dhau los ua qhov sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau raug rhuav tshem, thiab tom qab ntawd tus neeg caij tsheb tau nqa nws tus nees nrog rab hmuv.

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Shaffron los ntawm lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj ntawm Otto Heinrich, Yav Tom Ntej Kev Xaiv Tsa ntawm Palatinate. Kev txiav ntawm lub shaffron yeej ib txwm ua raws li kev txiav ntawm cov cuab yeej nws tus kheej thiab tag nrho cov seem ntawm cov cuab yeej nees. ib txwm phim cov cuab yeej zoo ib yam. Txij li lub mloog pob ntseg tau ua nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm "Maximilian", uas yog, cov ris tsho tiv thaiv corrugated, lub hauv pliaj no kuj tau ua corrugated tib yam nkaus. Schaffron tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov nplooj ntoo, paj ntoo, dab neeg dab neeg thiab cov khoom plig los ntawm Augsburg tus kws sau ntawv Daniel Hopfer, thiab dais ntawm nws lub hauv pliaj hinted ntawm tus tub huabtais lub ntsiab lus: "MDZ" (Sijhawm Sijhawm), ntxiv rau hnub tim 1516. Ntawm qhov rov qab, koj tuaj yeem pom cov lej Latin "XXIII", uas tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog hnub tim - 1523. Qhov twg yog qhov tseeb dua yog tsis paub. Muab tso rau hauv chav №3. Tus tswv: Otto Heinrich tus tub ntawm Ruprecht Palatinate (1502 - 1559). Chaw tsim tshuaj paus: Kohlman Helmschmid (1471 - 1532, Augsburg). Sau: Daniel Hopfer (1471-1536 Augsburg)

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Tus nees tau npog tag nrog daim pam tawv, dhau qhov uas lawv muab tso rau tib yam, tab sis xaws los ntawm daim ntaub. Cov pam vov npog tus nees lub cev, caj dab thiab lub taub hau mus txog rau lub qhov ntswg. Tus nees lub qhov ncauj tau tiv thaiv los ntawm lub hauv pliaj hlau, feem ntau dig muag, uas yog, tsis muaj qhov rau qhov muag. Nws yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv kev ceev faj thaum muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo ntawm tus nees tom qab kev sib tsoo ntawm ob tus neeg caij tsheb. Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias xws li lub taub hau shaffron yam tsis tau pom qhov tshwm sim ntev ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm Rennen kev sib tw. Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub tsho ntawm caj npab ntawm John I ntawm Lorraine, yos los ntawm ib puag ncig 1367.

Los ntawm txoj kev, tib Geshtech tseem nrov, tab sis nws cov ntau yam tau tshwm sim. Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev piav tes piav taw: kev sib tw ntawm "kev sib tw siab", "dav dav German" thiab "hnav khaub ncaws hnav".

Txhawm rau koom nrog hauv re-shtekh ntawm "lub siab siab" tus tub rog hnav khaub ncaws hauv shtekhtsoig. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws ob txhais ceg tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, tab sis lawv tau hnav hauv cov khau tawv uas ua los ntawm cov tawv tuab uas muaj lub hauv caug hauv thom khwm thiab ntawm pob taws. Cov khau qub tau siv los ntawm Rennen cov neeg koom, vim lawv tsis xav tau kev tiv thaiv ko taw hauv hom kev sib tw no. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus no thiab txhua tus lwm tus, raws li pom tseeb los ntawm nws lub npe, yog lub eeb nrog hneev siab, zoo ib yam li siv hauv kev sib tw ntawm pab pawg. Cov hneev ntoo ntawm cov ntoo tau txiav nrog cov hlau ntawm cov npoo thiab tau siab heev uas lawv mus txog tus neeg caij lub hauv siab thiab, ntxiv rau, npog nws ob txhais ceg. Lub eeb npog npog tus neeg caij lub cev kom nws tsis tuaj yeem tawm ntawm nws hauv ib qho xwm txheej twg. Ntxiv mus, ntawm nws xub hneev taw, qee qhov ntawm lub eeb no tau tuav tes, uas tuaj yeem tuav tau yog tias tus neeg caij tsheb poob nws qhov nyiaj tshuav los ntawm rab hmuv. Tus nees hnav daim pam thiab lub ntsej muag lag ntseg ua los ntawm cov hlau. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib tw yog txhawm rau tsoo koj rab hmuv tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab daim ntaub thaiv.

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"Cov neeg German" geshtech tau txawv los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus neeg caij tsheb tau hnav hauv shtekhzog, tab sis nws ob txhais ceg tsis tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, tsuas yog withers tau npog nrog daim pam tawv, thiab lub eeb tsis muaj lub nraub qaum. Emperor Maximilian I, txhawm rau tiv thaiv tsiaj zoo dua, pom zoo tso ib hom paj ntaub rau ntawm nws lub hauv siab - hauv ncoo ntawm cov ntaub ntxhib ntxhib uas muaj cov quav. Lub ncoo tau tuav los ntawm cov hlua tuav hauv qab lub hauv pliaj pem hauv ntej. Ib lub duav, uas yog, ib daim pam, tsuas yog ua los ntawm daim ntaub rau tus nees yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib tw yog ntuav cov yeeb ncuab tawm ntawm nws tus nees nrog rab phom ntawm rab hmuv rau ntawm nws lub tarch, uas yog vim li cas lub hneev taw nraub qaum tsis tau sawv thiab tsis tuaj!

Geshtech "hnav hauv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv" txawv ntawm ob hom yav dhau los ntawm Geshtech hauv qhov uas tus tub rog tseem hnav cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm nws txhais taw, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm tshuab. Ntawd yog, muaj hlau me ntsis ntxiv ntawm cov neeg tua rog, uas yog txhua yam. Lub saddles yog tib yam li hauv "general German" gestech. Tus yeej yog tus uas tswj hwm nws rab hmuv ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lub tarch, lossis tsoo nws tawm ntawm lub eeb.

Rau qhov qub style Italian duel, tus neeg caij yuav tau hnav Italian armor lossis German shtechzeug. Shaffron yuav tsis tau lag ntseg. Hauv qhov no, tus nees lub qhov muag tau tiv thaiv los ntawm lub zog hlau ntxaij. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Italian Rennen thiab tag nrho lwm tus tsis nyob hauv cov cuab yeej ntawm cov neeg sib ntaus, tab sis qhov tseeb tias cov neeg caij tsheb tau txiav los ntawm cov ntoo thaiv. Cov tub rog, cov neeg koom nrog ntawm kev sib tw, sib tsoo, tig mus rau qhov thaiv nrog lawv sab laug, yog li hmuv tsoo lub tarch ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse thiab nws lub tshuab tsis muaj zog heev, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, cov nees ntawm cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua tsis tuaj yeem tsoo ntawm tib lub sijhawm.

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Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1550, qhov hu ua "Kev sib tw Hungarian" tau pib txaus siab rau qhov muaj koob npe nyob ib puag ncig 1550 ob qho tib si hauv Austria thiab nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Tebchaws Yelemees, uas, ntxiv rau kev sib ntaus, kuj tseem yog khaub ncaws hnav. Ntawm qhov kev sib tw Hungarian, uas tau muaj nyob hauv tib lub xyoo los ntawm Archduke Ferdinand ntawm Tyrol hauv Bohemia thiab Tus Xaiv Xaiv Lub Yim Hli Kuv hauv Dresden, tsuas yog ib yam tshiab yog kev siv Hungarian tarches tsis siv neeg German, thiab Hungarian sabers, uas tau ua haujlwm, txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog rau kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Qhov tseeb, tseem tsis tau muaj leej twg hloov pauv txoj cai ntawm cov kev sib tw no. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, hla cov cuab yeej, lawv pib hnav khaub ncaws zoo tshaj plaws. Zoo, Rennen nws tus kheej ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv thiab hauv ntau qhov chaw yooj yim tau yoog ntau yam ntawm txhua yam kev hloov pauv, yog li ntawd yog qhov kev xav ntawm knighthood rau ntau haiv neeg. Yog li, hauv cov ntawv pov thawj zoo li phau ntawv "Frendal" (c. 1480), nws tau tshaj tawm tias muaj cov kev sib tw rennen xws li: "tshuab" rennen; "Tseeb" rennen; Bund-Rennen; "Nyuaj" rennen; "Sib xyaw" rennen, uas tseem hu ua "rennen nrog yas hmuv"; thiab tseem "field" rennen. Tab sis hais txog txhua qhov kev sib tw no dhau mus, zaj dab neeg yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau lwm lub sijhawm.

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