Nov yog txhua yam paub, thiab zoo li: hauv zaj dab neeg kuv yog, Thiab kuv tau npaj siab yuav qw nrov nrov: vade!
Kuv tau ntsib koj, Rembrandt Saskia?
Kuv puas tau rov qab los rau koj hnub nyoog, Adrian van Ostade?
Valery Bryusov yog ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam
Duab qhia. Txhawm rau pib nrog, cov khoom "Duab Qhia. Cov neeg nyeem VO nyiam "Tus Saib Xyuas", zoo, tshwj tsis yog qee qhov, uas yog ib txwm ib txwm muaj, kuv kuj ntxub cov zaub qhwv, txawm hais tias kuv noj Polish bigos, piv txwv li, nrog kev zoo siab. Thiab ntau tus xav tau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev pleev xim ua keeb kwm los txuas ntxiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau tus tau hais meej meej hauv lawv cov lus hais tias qhov xwm txheej zoo ntawm daim ntaub lossis duab puab, piv txwv li, thiab nws keeb kwm kev ntseeg tau yog yam uas feem ntau sib txawv kiag li. Piv txwv li, Motherland ntawm Mamayev Kurgan lossis Alyosha hauv Treptow Park hauv Berlin yog kev ua haujlwm epic, tab sis nws yuav coj txawv txawv thiab tsis txaus ntseeg rau qhov laj thawj ntawm lawv lub hauv paus tias hauv qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb Soviet cov tub rog thiab lawv niam tau nqa ntaj! Yog li ntawd, cia peb tsis txhob cuam tshuam qhov khoom plig ntawm Vajtswv nrog qe qe, tab sis tig mus rau cov duab ntawm tib tus Dutchmen uas, ntawm lawv daim ntawv nthuav qhia, cuam tshuam ntau qhov kev sib ntaus ntawm Peb caug Xyoo thiab Yim caum Xyoo Tsov Rog nrog kev koom tes ntawm ntau tus tub rog hauv ntau yam cuab yeej ua rog., thiab ntawm no lawv yog, yam tsis ntseeg, yog rau peb cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.
Lub sijhawm kawg, peb ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas qhov tseem ceeb tsuas yog pleev xim los ntawm Teniers Tus Hluas, "Tus Saib Xyuas", uas, txawm li cas los xij, muab cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau peb txog lub sijhawm ntawd. Tab sis tej zaum, ua ntej tig ncaj qha rau daim duab sib ntaus sib tua, cia peb pom lwm cov duab pleev xim rau tib lub sijhawm thiab ntawm tib lub ncauj lus, tab sis los ntawm cov neeg pleev xim sib txawv? Nws hloov tawm muaj!
Ntawm no peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov ib qho zoo uas peb hais tias "piv txwv tsis zoo kis tau." Ntawd yog, yog qee qhov "ntsiab lus" ntawm ib tus neeg "mus", tom qab ntawd cov neeg ua piv txwv tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, lossis tus sau nws tus kheej pib rov ua dua cov dab neeg nrov tom qab ib qho.
Ib qho xws li "Dutchman" yog Anthony Palamedes (1601-1673), tus kws kos duab Dutch Golden Age uas tau ua haujlwm nyob rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev pleev xim. Anthony yog tus kws kos duab ntawm ib hom kev pleev xim, duab duab thiab tseem yog lub neej, tab sis paub zoo tshaj plaws rau nws cov duab uas piav txog cov nkauj lossis cov tuam txhab gay thiab cov tub rog ntawm lub sijhawm. Cov haujlwm zoo li no ua tim khawv rau nws txoj kev paub txog kev pleev xim ib txwm niaj hnub los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam los ntawm Harlem thiab Amsterdam xws li Dirk Hals, Peter Codde, Willem Duister thiab Hendrik Pot. Nws tau yug los hauv lub nroog Delft, qhov uas thaum kawg nws tau los ua tus sawv cev ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nto npe Delft.
Palamedes tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj nqi ib nrab. Nws ua haujlwm nrog jasper, porphyry thiab agate, thiab dhau los ua tus kws muaj npe nrov pob zeb txiav. Thiab muaj npe nrov tias nws tau mus rau tebchaws Askiv mus rau lub tsev hais plaub ntawm King James ntawm Scotland. Tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tus kwv yau tau yug los, uas tseem muaj npe Palamedes, thiab tsev neeg yuav tsum rov qab mus rau Delft, qhov uas cov kwv tij loj hlob tuaj.
Kev pleev xim, raws li qee qhov chaw, Anthony Palamedes kawm nrog Michel van Mirevelt. Lwm tus hu nws tus kws pleev xim Amsterdam Hendrik Pot ua nws tus kws qhia. Nws tus kwv yau Palamedes kuj dhau los ua tus kws kos duab. Txawm li cas los xij, Anthony muaj txoj hauv kev kom muaj sia nyob nws tus tij laug, uas tau tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 31 xyoos hauv 1638. Xyoo 1621 Palamedes tau lees paub rau Guild of Artists of St.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 30, 1630, Anthony sib yuav Anna van Hoorendijk, uas nyob hauv kaum xyoo, txij xyoo 1632 txog 1642, yug nws rau tus menyuam: lwm Palamedes (1632), Leenbert (1634), Joost (1636), William (1638) thiab ntxaib - William thiab Mary. Tab sis txhua tus menyuam, tshwj tsis yog Palamedes tus tub, tau tuag ua ntej lossis xyoo 1646. Tus tub ntawm Anthony Palamedes, Palamedes Palamedes, tau txais nws txiv txoj haujlwm thiab tseem yog tus kws pleev xim.
Kev muag cov duab tha xim coj Palamedes cov nyiaj tau los khov kho. Piv txwv li, nws yuav ib lub tsev rau 3400 guilders. Tab sis tom qab ntawd hmoov zoo tig nws mus. Nws tus poj niam Anna tuag xyoo 1651 thiab Palamedes tau sib yuav dua xyoo 1658. Tab sis … alas, tsis ua tiav, zoo ib yam li tus kws txiav ntoo hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Cinderella" xyoo 1938. Hauv tsev, teeb meem pib, thiab nrog lawv - nuj nqis thiab teeb meem nyiaj txiag. Thiab tag nrho nws tau xaus nrog qhov tseeb tias Palamedes tau tso txhua yam tseg, tshuav xyoo 1670 rau Amsterdam, thiab tuag nyob ntawd xyoo 1673.
Thiab yog li ib qho ntawm nws cov ncauj lus nyuam qhuav dhau los … yog, tsis txhob poob siab - lub ncauj lus ntawm "tus saib xyuas". Nws nyuaj hais tias muaj pes tsawg daim duab nws pleev xim rau "Tus Saib Xyuas", tab sis peb tuaj yeem hais meej tias muaj ntau ntawm lawv. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no yog qhov kev thov vaj tswv tiag tiag rau cov neeg dag ntxias uas paub yuav ua li cas tsim cov ntaub pua plag xyoo pua 17th. Txawm hais tias, ntawm qhov tod tes, kev tshawb pom ntawm cov duab tsis paub yav dhau los los ntawm Anthony Palamedes yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab tias … "pom" daim duab yuav raug tshuaj xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas, tshuaj lom nrog cov kua qaub, saib nrog lub tshuab me me, thiab thaum kawg nws yuav los rau "rab phom atomic". Nws tsuas yog tias thaum ntau cov duab tha xim ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus los ntawm ib tus kws kos duab tau sau, muaj ib txwm muaj sijhawm los nrhiav qee qhov yuam kev tsis nco qab thiab tsis paub.
Qhov ntxim nyiam, Palamedes 'tus tiv thaiv zoo ib yam. Lawv muaj lub hauv paus tus neeg, uas yuav luag ib txwm hnav khaub ncaws hnyav ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb cav hnyav, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tau hle nws cov cuab yeej ua rog, thiab koom nrog muab cov lus qhia rau nws cov phooj ywg, ntaus lub suab raj lossis tsuas yog sawv hauv kev xav. Hauv qhov sib piv rau Teniers cov duab, nws daim duab muaj cov poj niam, suav nrog cov menyuam pub mis niam thiab, pom tseeb, taug kev ncig cov tub rog hauv "nrhiav kev lom zem" lossis "pab", thiab txawm tias dev. Ntawd yog, hauv chav saib xyuas lub sijhawm ntawd, dab tsi thiab leej twg nyuam qhuav tsis tshwm sim!
Zoo, tam sim no cia peb qhuas nws daim duab thiab pom qhov tseeb lawv tuaj yeem muab rau kev kawm txog kev ua tub rog ntawm xyoo pua 17th, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm 1640-1650. vim nws yog lub sijhawm no uas nws "cov tub xa xov" tau sau hnub tim.
Thiab qhov no tsis yog txhua qhov ntawm "Caral Rooms" uas tus kws kos duab Dutch sau. Tab sis tam sim no peb paub tseeb tias cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm 1654 tau hnav khaub ncaws li cas, hnav khaub ncaws li cas, muskets lawv hnav, thiab poj niam nrog menyuam yaus tuaj txog "chav dej" thaum twg.
