Txhawm rau haus los ntawm kev tu siab ntawm "Anjou", lossis dab tsi?
Los yog saib mus rau hauv cov tub rog tawm ntawm kev nkees?
Seb nws yog kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv lub tshav pob
Knead cov av nrog koj hooves!
Tsis yog, kev thaj yeeb tsis yog kuv txoj kev cawm seej.
Tus ntsuj plig zuj zus zuj zus thiab cov hniav yuav qhuav.
Ntawm tus nees! Thiab theej rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua!
Kuv yog tus yeej cuirassier!
Yuri Bondarenko tus kheej lub neej. Cuirassier
Kev ua tub rog ntawm qhov tig ntawm lub sijhawm. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob ntau npaum li cas cov neeg caij nees nrog rab phom nyob hauv lawv txhais tes flicker ntawm lub canvases ntawm cov neeg pleev xim Flemish, los ntawm qhov uas lawv tua ib leeg los ntawm ntau txoj haujlwm yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi. Tom qab tag nrho, lub sijhawm ntawd yog dabtsi? Thaum xub thawj, Flemings tau koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Spain thiab Holland, uas Fab Kis thiab Askiv tau cuam tshuam, thiab tom qab ntawd Flanders kuj tau koom nrog Peb caug Xyoo Tsov Rog (1618-1648), thiab tom qab ntawd tau pab Spain tua Fabkis rau 11 xyoos. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm txhua qhov no, kev ua tub rog qee zaum nthuav tawm yuav luag yog ua ntej lub qhov muag ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam, thiab Flemish sib ntaus sib tua tha xim ua ntej ntawm Dutch ntau npaum li ib nrab xyoo. Thiab yog tias Flemings feem ntau sau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm thaj av, tom qab ntawd Dutch - ntawm hiav txwv. Nws yog qhov txaus siab txawm tias tom qab ntawd kev ua tsov rog tau txiav txim los ntawm Flemish cov kws ua yeeb yam raws li kev xwm txheej, thiab Rubens zoo li cas tau hais txog Flanders: "Flanders yog qhov chaw ntawm kev ua phem thiab ua yeeb yam uas muaj kev ua phem." Tab sis nws yog ib yam uas, txawm li cas los xij cov kws ua yeeb yam ntxub kev ua tsov rog txaus ntshai, lawv tau piav qhia lawv hauv ntau txoj kev, coj lawv lub zeem muag, lawv xav txog cov xwm txheej tiag tiag rau hauv nws qhov kev pom.
Piv txwv li Peter Möhlener (1602-1654), feem ntau pleev xim cov duab uas hu ua "Cavalry Attack" thiab hauv lawv nws tau pom qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov neeg caij nees ntawm caj npab ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm 17th caug xyoo nrog txhua lwm yam. Thiab ntawm ib qho ntawm lawv peb pom qhov xwm txheej txaus luag ntawm kev sib tw ntawm ob tus neeg caij nees, tsis yog txiv neej ntawm caj npab, tab sis muaj riam phom nrog lub log rab phom, ib tus neeg tau sim tiv thaiv nws tus kheej nrog rab ntaj tawg, thiab lwm yam yog ntaus nws lub taub hau nrog tus tuav ntawm nws rab yaj phom thiab tib lub sijhawm tuav nws txoj phuam nrog nws txhais tes.
Dab tsi yog nthuav txog nws? Thiab qhov tseeb tias yog, qhov tseeb, rab phom cavalry, vim tias lawv qhov ntev thiab tuav tau zoo, tau siv los ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb ua riam phom txaus ntshai. Tab sis qhov tseeb tias "kua" kheej kheej tau ua rau lawv tshwj xeeb rau lub hom phiaj no, uas ua haujlwm zoo li pommel rau mace, tsis tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm cov duab. Ntawd yog, yog, lawv ntaus kuv ntawm lub taub hau thaum tshav kub kub ntawm kev sib ntaus nrog rab yaj phom. Tab sis tib daim canvases qhia tau hais tias sab saum toj ntawm rab yaj phom tuav muaj cov duab sib txawv heev. Thiab hais tias nws tsis yog ib txwm pob. Tab sis thaum pom pom tiag tiag muaj cov duab kheej kheej, zoo li hauv cov qauv uas tau muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no, nws hloov tawm tias sab hauv cov "pob" no feem ntau tsis muaj dab tsi, uas yog, lub teeb, thiab feem ntau yog siv raws li rooj plaub rau cov khoom seem lossis cov khoom seem pyrite.
Qhov no tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm daim duab "Attack of the Cavalry", kos npe los ntawm Palamedes Stevarts thiab sau hnub tim 1631. Ntawm nws peb twb pom ob rab yaj phom uas muaj log - ib qho rau hauv av, lwm qhov nyob hauv txhais tes ntawm ib tus ntawm cov tub rog, tab sis … tsis muaj ib tus ntawm lawv muaj "pob" tom kawg ntawm tus tes. Nws tsuas yog tias cov tes tuav nthuav mus rau qhov kawg kom yooj yim ntawm kev tuav lawv, uas yog qhov zoo rau rab yaj phom ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab nws yog qhov nthuav dav uas cov tub rog caij nees siv los ua qhov tseem ceeb, thiab yog li cov duab ntawm tus kov tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Lub ntsej muag kheej kheej tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb!
Nws ntseeg tias thawj tus neeg sib ntaus sib tua Flemish yog Sebastian Vranks (1573-1647), uas yog thawj tus hauv kev kos duab ntawm Sab Qaum Teb Europe los tig kev sib ntaus sib tua mus rau hauv ib hom ntawv sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, vim li cas xav tsis thoob, vim tias nws yog tub ceev xwm ntawm tub rog ntawm Antwerp thiab pom txhua yam nyob ib puag ncig nws. Thiab qhov tseeb tias kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm Vranks txoj haujlwm paub yog kev ua tsov rog yog qhov muaj nuj nqis heev. Thiab los ntawm txoj kev, nws nrog nws zoo ib yam Peter Möhlener thiab ntau lwm tus neeg pleev xim Flemish, xws li Peter Paul Rubens, Jacob Jordaens, Hendrik van Balen, kawm nrog nws, thiab Jan Bruegel tus Txwj Laug (tus tub Peter Bruegel tus Txwj Laug) feem ntau tau pab thiab feem ntau yog tus sau nws. Nws kuj tau tsa ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm, ntawm cov uas Frans Snyders tau suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
Vranks cov duab tau nco txog Bruegel's, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas nws tau piav txog lub neej ntawm Holland tam sim no. Tab sis kev sib ntaus sib tua canvases, dua, yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws rau tus kws sau keeb kwm. Ntawm no, piv txwv li, nws daim duab nto moo "Sib ntaus ntawm Lekkerbetye hauv Vuchta thaum Lub Ob Hlis 5, 1600" uas yog nyob hauv cov khoom ntiag tug. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cia saib seb kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo li cas yog qhov ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau tus kws kos duab no. Qhov tseeb, nws yog … kev sib koom ua ke uas tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Ob Hlis 5, 1600 ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg ntawm lub nroog nkuaj (xws li "nyob" tsis tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm) thiab lub zeb. Lub Flemish tau koom nrog kev sib ntaus, sib ntaus nrog cov tub rog - Fab Kis thiab Brabant, suav nrog 22 tus neeg ntawm txhua sab, nrog riam phom zoo li lub sijhawm ntawd. Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev sib tw yog Fab Kis tus thawj coj de Bre thiab Flemish tus tub rog Lekkerbettier. Zoo, nws qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog kev saib tsis taus Fabkis txoj cai rau cov nom tswv Flemish. Los ntawm txoj kev, tus tub ceev xwm lub npe tag nrho yog Gerard Abrahams van Hohlingen, thiab Lekkerbetyer yog nws lub npe menyuam yaus, lub ntsiab lus ob qho tib si "tub nkeeg" thiab "txhais tau tias" (hauv kev nkag siab ntawm keeb kwm). Ntawd yog, Flemings tsis tau txiav txim siab muab lub npe menyuam yaus txaj muag rau lawv cov tub rog, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lawv tawm tsam tau zoo!
Qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm Vranks cov duab yog Lekkerbetyer thiab de Bre, hnav khaub ncaws hnav khaub ncaws zoo li cuirassiers. Raws li keeb kwm, Lekkerbetyer raug tua nrog rab phom rab phom thaum pib ntawm kev sib ntaus, tab sis txawm li cas los xij, Flemings yeej yeej yeej, tua 19 tus Fabkis. Marquis de Bré tau khiav tawm ntawm tshav rog, tab sis raug ntes thiab tseem raug tua.
Vranks yog tus kws ua yeeb yam ntau yam thiab muaj ntau yam, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm nws qhov kev suav ntau yam tshwj xeeb, uas nws tau sau ua ke nrog Jan Brueghel Tus Hluas "Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Tsov Rog", uas yog nyob hauv ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntiag tug. Thiab dab tsi, thiab leej twg tsuas yog tsis nyob ntawm no. Cov chij uas raug ntes thiab khau, cov muskets thiab lub kaus mom tawg rau hauv av, cov neeg tuag lub cev liab qab, cov neeg raug kev quaj ntsuag, lawv hle lawv cov khau thiab hle lawv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thaum lwm tus raug ntaus nrog lub caj pas thiab nraub qaum. Tus tub rog rab hmuv (uas txhais tau hais tias rab hmuv tseem siv!) Thiab phaj "kav dej" rau caj npab, cuirasses thiab hlau thaiv ntawm Randoshier dag nyob ntawd. Ib tug nees dawb raug ntes nyob deb, thiab ib tus neeg raug kaw ntawm caj npab raug coj mus, pom tau tias yog tus txiv neej zoo, vim nws tsis raug tua tam sim ntawd. Hauv ib lo lus, txhua tus cwj pwm ntawm lub sijhawm, tib neeg lub cim thiab kev ua - txhua yam tau nthuav tawm ib nrais muag. Pom tau, piv txwv thiab pom meej heev.
Qee qhov ntawm nws cov phiaj xwm zoo nkauj, peb yuav tsum hais, zoo heev. Piv txwv li, qhov no siv rau ntau daim ntawv teev ntuj uas mob siab rau cov ncauj lus nqaim (thiab yog li ntawd tsis nqaim rau lub sijhawm ntawd, puas yog?), Raws li kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg caij nees ntawm caj npab thiab cov tub rog nyob rau ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau thiab - tub sab ntawm cov neeg taug kev ntsiag to ntawm txoj kev siab!
Ntawm daim ntaub no, dua, peb pom qhov tshwj xeeb ua ntau yam. Nyob rau ntawm qhov tiaj ncab hla lub qab ntug, dua nrog ntau lub nkuaj taws ntawm ib lub toj nyob deb, lub tsheb thauj neeg txav mus los ntawm txoj kev, thiab lub tsheb pem hauv ntej kom meej meej tau nkag mus rau hauv lub voj voog, tab sis tsis meej pem tsis muaj sijhawm, cov neeg taug kev nyob ntsiag to, kom tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tawg, poj niam thiab menyuam yaus khiav mus rau tom hav zoov. Kev tawm tsam ntawm lub laub yog nqa tawm hauv qhov nyuaj: ntawm sab laug, cov musketeers tau tua nws los ntawm thaj tsam ze, thaum los ntawm ib sab ntawm txoj kev thawj zaug dhia, tua ntawm qhov txav mus, yog rab phom thiab carabinieri, thiab los tom qab … hmuv nrog rab hmuv ntev. Zoo, thiab ntawm lub toj mus rau sab xis, tus tswv yug yaj tau ntiab tawm ib pab yaj ntawm kev txhaum.
Qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws yog tias cov phiaj xwm no tom qab tau nthuav dav heev ntawm daim duab ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov thwjtim. Qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej, thaj, tsuas yog qhov ntawd.
Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog Vranks uas tau pib pleev xim rau daim duab qhia txog kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv av, ua tib zoo saib xyuas thaj tsam ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim, thiab tom qab ntawd cov qauv no tau saws thiab tsim los ntawm lwm tus kws kos duab ntawm tib lub sijhawm - Peter Snyers (1592) -1667) ib. Nws tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm kev piav qhia nws tus kws qhia ntawv, hais txog peb lub dav hlau ntawm daim ntaub - pem hauv ntej, nruab nrab thiab deb. Lub hauv ntej ib txwm yog ob peb tus lej tseem ceeb, xws li tus thawj coj saib xyuas kev sib ntaus. Tab sis ntawm no peb tuaj yeem pom cov neeg raug mob, thiab lub tswb nrov, thiab cov neeg khiav tawm, thiab lwm tus - txawm li ntawd los. Hauv qhov nruab nrab, qhov kev sib tsoo tiag tiag nws tau piav qhia, tab sis zaum thib peb ntawm daim duab yog toj roob hauv pes uas tig mus rau ntuj nyob ntsiag to. Thiab txawm hais tias tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej tsis koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, feem ntau ntawm nws cov duab los ntawm Snyers tau raug xaj los ntawm kev hais kom ua siab ntawm Habsburg pab tub rog, uas yuav tsis tshwm sim yog tias lawv tau tsim cov duab ntawm cov kev sib ntaus no tsis raug!
Thiab nws tsis yog tsis muaj dab tsi uas Vienna Military History Museum muaj tag nrho "Piccolomini series" ntawm 12 daim duab loj-loj sau los ntawm nws nruab nrab ntawm 1639 thiab 1651, uas qhia txog txhua lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tw ntawm kev ua lag luam nto moo huab tais Ottavio Piccolomini, uas tau tawm tsam hauv Lorraine thiab Fabkis hauv xyoo kawg ntawm Peb caug Xyoo Tsov Rog.
Tus yam ntxwv zoo li no, nws pleev xim ntau daim duab, tab sis ib qho ntawm lawv yog tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev kawm txog kev tsim tawm ntawm cov tub rog caij nees thiab cov tub rog txij thaum pib xyoo pua 17th. Nov yog daim duab "Tsov rog ntawm Kirholm", uas tau tshwm sim xyoo 1605. Nws paub txog nws tias nws tau xaj rau huab tais Polish-Lithuanian Sigismund III, los ntawm nws tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Brussels, Archduke Albert VII. Tom qab ntawd nws tau raug coj tuaj rau Fabkis thiab muag ntawm kev muag khoom hauv xyoo 1673. Txoj haujlwm no tau hais ua ntej hauv cov khoom lag luam ntawm lub tsev fuabtais Sassenage xyoo 1820, uas nws tau pom txog niaj hnub no.
Peb tau paub (thiab qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws) nrog tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua canvases piav qhia txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov neeg caij nees ntawm xyoo pua 17th, thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Peb caug Xyoo Tsov Rog, tab sis qhov tseeb muaj ntau ntau zaug ntxiv lawv. Cov piv txwv ntawm riam phom, ris tsho tiv thaiv, mos txwv, tawv daj caftans - txhua qhov no tau rov ua dua los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam sib txawv hauv kev sib txawv, tab sis tsuas muaj ib qho kev xaus: qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, thiab peb pom ntawm cov canvases qee yam ze rau kev yees duab niaj hnub no. Zoo, saib mus rau Dresden Armory, Vienna Armory ntawm Hovburg Palace thiab cov khoom siv hauv Graz, koj tseem tuaj yeem ntseeg tau tias cov kws ua yeeb yaj kiab pleev xim rau cov cuab yeej no thiab riam phom los ntawm xwm.
