Tebchaws Horsemen vs. Cuirassiers

Tebchaws Horsemen vs. Cuirassiers
Tebchaws Horsemen vs. Cuirassiers

Video: Tebchaws Horsemen vs. Cuirassiers

Video: Tebchaws Horsemen vs. Cuirassiers
Video: An attempt to modernise the Martini Henry rifle, with firearms and weapon expert Jonathan Ferguson 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Lub sijhawm dhau mus, koj tsis tuaj yeem hnov qab nws, Peb yuav tsum ua peb cov hluas rau qhov laj thawj, Siab tawv hauv kev hlub

Txais kev zoo siab

Nco ntsoov tias koj tsis yog yam tsis muaj laj thawj

Koj hu ua hussar.

Lub sijhawm dhau mus, nws yuav tsis tos peb, Peb tsis tau muab peb lub neej ua ob zaug.

Nco ntsoov, hussar:

Tsis txhob cia siab tias muaj kev zoo siab

Zoo siab mus ntsib!

Operetta "Ntxhais fuabtais ntawm Circus". Lyrics: J. Eichenwald, O. Kleiner

Kev ua tub rog ntawm qhov tig ntawm lub sijhawm. Yog li, zaum kawg peb tau nres ntawm qhov tseeb tias ntawm qhov tig ntawm ob lub sijhawm, uas yog xyoo 17th thiab 18th, nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws ntawm Tebchaws Europe, yuav luag ib txhij, cov kws ua zaub mov qub tau hloov los ntawm cov tshiab, Polish phaj "tis" hussars ploj mus, thiab feem ntau lawv pib hnav ris tsho hnav tsis yog zam, yog li qee lub sijhawm txawm tias cov kws ua zaub mov tsis muaj lawv. Yog li nws yog nyob rau hmo ua tsov rog xyoo 1812 hauv Russia, tab sis Saxon cuirassiers yeej tsis tau txais cuirassiers thiab … yog li lawv tau txiav nrog Lavxias cuirassiers hauv rye ntawm Borodino teb tsis muaj cuirasses! Thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov tub rog sib zog tau tshwm sim, uas tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv txhua qhov thiab hnyav nees, uas tsawg kawg yog ntawm Saxons thiab leej twg ua rau ntawm lub nraub qaum ntawm cov tub rog hnyav, thiab nyob tom qab yeeb ncuab, thiab txawm tias taug ko taw, zoo li tub rog. Thiab qee tus neeg txawm thawb lub foob pob tes, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tau tso tseg sai vim qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm qhov riam phom no. Thiab hauv cov tebchaws European, cov tub rog caij tsheb hauv tebchaws tau tshwm sim, ntau yam uas tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej zoo tias tsis ntev lawv tau hloov los ntawm lub tebchaws mus rau thoob ntiaj teb, zoo li, piv txwv li, txhua tus hussars tib yam. Thiab qee qhov tseem yog lub tebchaws tsim. Nws yog li ntawd. Thiab peb yuav txuas ntxiv peb zaj dab neeg niaj hnub no txog lub cav tub rog no.

Niaj hnub no, ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Tebchaws Europe, muaj lub xeev zoo li Bosnia thiab Herzegovina (uas txog thaum 1992 yog ib feem ntawm Yugoslavia). Cov neeg nyob hauv txoj kev ntseeg Muslim hu ua Bosnians. Lawv yog cov ntseeg thawj zaug, tab sis hloov pauv mus rau Islam tom qab Turkish txoj cai tau tsim nyob hauv Bosnia thaum lig 15th thiab thaum ntxov xyoo pua 16th. Lawv tau ua qhov no txhawm rau khaws lawv cov tswv cuab thiab cov cai tshwj xeeb. Qhov tseeb, nws yuav tsum tau them rau qhov no, kev txi tsis yog kev ntseeg nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog txoj sia. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv feudal Turkey, txhua tus neeg uas yog tus tswv av yuav tsum tau mus ua tub rog thaum muaj kev ua tsov ua rog, yog li Bosnians tau ua haujlwm hauv txhua pab tub rog Turkish ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Xyoo 1740, Kev Tsov Rog ntawm Austrian Kev Soj Ntsuam tau pib. Prussian huab tais Frederick xav txuas ntxiv lub xeev nplua nuj ntawm Silesia, tab sis Austria tawm tsam qhov no, uas yog qhov laj thawj txaus rau kev ua tsov ua rog. Thaum pib ua tsov rog, hu ua Thawj Silesian Tsov Rog, Saxony nyob ntawm Prussia ib sab, tab sis txiav txim siab hloov nws. Npaj rau qhov muaj peev xwm txuas ntxiv ntawm kev ua tsov rog, cov sawv cev ntawm Saxon Tus Xaiv tsa hauv 1744 tau xa mus rau Ukraine kom nrhiav neeg nyob hauv Saxon cov tub rog. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm Cossacks tau dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo, tab sis lawv tseem muaj peev xwm yaum tawm ntawm Turks txog 100 tus neeg Bosnians - cov neeg caij nees uas muaj riam phom uas tiv thaiv tus ciam teb Turkish hauv Ukraine. Yog li Bosnians tau xaus rau hauv Dresden. Tab sis nyob ntawd lawv tau ntsib los ntawm tus sawv cev los ntawm Prussia thiab cog lus rau lawv ntau dua li Saxons, thiab Bosnians … mus rau Prussia. Xyoo 1745, Frederick nrhiav tau ib pawg neeg Bosnian tsis tu ncua, ib tus tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm 5 Hussar Regiment, tseem hu ua Black Hussars (Totenkopf), cim los ntawm lub npe nrov "tuag lub taub hau".

Kev ua siab phem txuas ntxiv thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Ob Silesian thiab xaus rau xyoo 1748, tab sis cov neeg Bosnians tseem nyob hauv qhov kev pabcuam. Xyoo 1756, rau tib qho laj thawj, kev tsov rog tshiab tau pib ntawm Austria thiab Prussia, Xya Xyoo. Nws qhov ntsuas tau zoo li nws tau coj mus rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov peev txheej tib neeg thiab yuam Frederick nrhiav cov tub rog nyob sab, txawm li cas los xij, leej twg. Lub teeb horsemen los ntawm sab hnub tuaj (Tub rog, Lithuanians, Tatars), txhua tus tuaj rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Frederick zoo thiab tau suav nrog hauv Bosnian cov tub rog, uas los ntawm 1760 tau loj hlob mus rau 10 pawg tub rog. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Bosnians tau dhau los ua ib pab tub rog ntawm lub teeb cavalry hauv nws pab tub rog ntawm No. 9.

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Duab

Tom qab kev ua tsov rog xaus xyoo 1763, cov tub rog tau raug tshem tawm, tab sis ib pab tub rog tau raug khaws tseg rau kev ua koob tsheej. Xyoo 1778, lwm qhov kev tsov rog tau tawg ntawm Prussia thiab Austria, lub sijhawm no hla Bavaria. Bosnian Corps tau rov ua dua rau 10 pawg tub rog, feem ntau yog cov neeg nrhiav neeg los ntawm Ukraine thiab Poland. Hauv kev ua tsov rog no, uas tsis muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua loj, cov neeg Bosnians tau raug mob hnyav vim yog kev tawm tsam los ntawm Austrian hussars.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Poland tau ploj mus los ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Tebchaws Europe (ib feem tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm Russia, lwm qhov los ntawm Austria, thiab thib peb los ntawm Prussia), Prussia tau xaiv 15 tus tub rog Polish uas muaj lub teeb horsemen, uas tseem poob rau hauv "Bosnians". Tab sis cov neeg caij nees no yog neeg Bosnians tsuas yog lub npe thiab khaub ncaws.

Alas, cov neeg laus feem ntau (ob qho ua ntej thiab tam sim no!) Coj tus cwj pwm zoo li menyuam yaus. Lawv yuav pom tus neeg nyob ze cov khoom ua si thiab pib quaj: "Thiab kuv muaj ib yam." Yog li hauv Sweden, uas tau nkag mus rau hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog Russia dhau los ntawm kev tswj hwm Baltic nyob rau xyoo 17th thiab 18th, cov kws tshaj lij tub rog tau txiav txim siab tias lawv cov tub rog tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hnyav yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub cav cav tub rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab nrog kaum hussar regiments. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov neeg Swedes tseem xav tau hussars. Thiab cov neeg Suav tau coj lawv tuaj!

Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1757, tsoomfwv tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog Captain Count Frederick Putbuss thiab Tub Ceev Xwm Philip Julius Bernhard von Platen, yuam kom lawv txhua tus nrhiav ob pawg hussar ntawm 100 tus neeg. Xyoo tom ntej, lwm daim ntawv cog lus tau kos npe, lub sijhawm no nrog Major Baron Georg Gustav Wrangel, ntawm kev nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm hussar los ntawm kaum pab pawg nrog rau tag nrho lub zog ntawm 1000 tus neeg. Nws tau tsim hauv Rügen thiab tau lub npe hu ua Kungliga Husarregementet (Royal Hussars). Txij li nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xeev hais lus German, cov lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab hais kom ua hauv nws yog German, thiab Swedish hussars tau kawm raws li tsab cai Prussian, vim li cas lawv thiaj tuaj yeem tau txais lawv tus kheej!

Lub npe Prussian Marshal ntawm Napoleonic Wars Count Blucher (1742-1819) tau ua haujlwm rau qee lub sijhawm hauv Swedish hussars. Kaum-tsib xyoos Blucher tau nrog nws tus viv ncaus nyob hauv Rügen, thiab thaum Swedish hussars raug xa mus rau Pomerania, cov tub ntxhais hluas tub rog Blucher tau poob rau lawv tus lej. Xyoo 1760 nws tau raug kaw los ntawm Prussian hussars los ntawm pawg tub rog thib yim, uas tau xaiv nws los rau hauv lawv qib. Thiab ntawm no nws yog, ntiv tes ntawm txoj hmoo: tom qab ua haujlwm 49 xyoos, Blucher tau los ua nws tus thawj coj ntawm Tsov Rog Jena xyoo 1806.

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Xyoo 1761, Sweden tau txiav txim siab tias ib tus tub rog hussar tsis txaus rau nws, thiab tsim thib ob. Cov tub rog uas twb muaj lawm tau muab faib ua ob qho, txhua tus muaj li ntawm rau pab tub rog nrog rau tag nrho lub zog ntawm 800 tus neeg. Cov tub rog tshiab, hais los ntawm Colonel Putbuss, muaj lub tsho xiav thiab raug hu ua Blue Hussars, thiab Wrangel cov txiv neej raug hu ua Yellow Hussars; txhua tus neeg zoo siab vim tias xiav thiab daj yog, tau kawg, lub tebchaws Swedish xim. Cov plaub hau yog lwm qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj plaub hau thiab tsis muaj plaub hau hussars, tshwj xeeb, xws li Blucher tib yam, tau tso cai hnav cov plaub hau cuav.

Thiab tam sim no cia peb hla hla dej hiav txwv thiab saib seb cov tub rog caij tsheb zoo li cas nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm North American cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Askiv, uas tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 18 ua tsov rog ntawm kev ywj pheej nrog niam lub teb chaws.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kom txog thaum xyoo 1745 cov tub rog Askiv muaj feem ntau yog cov tub rog, txawm hais tias thaum lub sijhawm Jacobite kev tawm tsam, Duke of Kingston tau teeb tsa nws tus kheej cov nuj nqis tag nrho cov tub rog ua qauv ntawm hussar. Xyoo tom ntej nws tau raug tshem tawm, tab sis tom qab ntawd Duke of Cumberland, siv tib tus tib neeg, tsim ib pab tub rog … "teeb pom kev zoo". Tom qab kev pabcuam puv ntoob hauv Flanders, nws tau raug tshem tawm hauv xyoo 1748. Xyoo 1755, nws tau txiav txim siab tias Askiv yuav muaj peb tus tub rog ntawm Dragoon Guards thiab yim tus tub rog ntawm Army Dragoons. Xyoo 1759, Colonel George Augustus Elliott tau sib sau ua ke 15th Light Dragoon Regiment, uas suav nrog rau rau lub tuam txhab thiab suav 400 tus txiv neej. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntawm Emsdorf, lub teeb pom kev tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab kab peb zaug thiab ntes tag nrho cov tub rog ntawm 125 tus tub rog Fab Kis thiab 168 tus nees. Tom qab tsib qhov ntxiv ntawm cov qub tub rog tau tsim, yog li lub npe no tau dhau los ua nyob rau hauv pab tub rog Askiv. Tsuas yog, tsis zoo li lwm pab pawg tub rog, "lub teeb pom kev" tau txais kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau caij nees thiab kawm paub yuav ua li cas tua los ntawm lub eeb. Cov nees uas lawv siv tau me dua: 154 cm ntawm qhov withers. Cov chav nyob tib yam tau xaus rau hauv cheeb tsam …

Nws yog qhov txaus siab uas nyob ntawd, txawv teb chaws, thaum pib ntawm Asmeskas Kev Tsov Rog Kev Ywj Pheej (1775-1783), tsis yog txhua tus "Asmeskas" tawm tsam "Askiv". Yog li, ib pawg neeg Amelikas uas ntseeg siab tau tsim "British Legion" nyob rau hauv kev hais kom ua ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Banastre Tarleton. Qee tus ntawm nws cov tub rog tau txais los ntawm 16th thiab 17th Light Dragoon Regiments, tsuas yog cov tub rog Askiv cov tub rog ua haujlwm hauv Asmeskas lub sijhawm no. Cov txiv neej no raug hu ua "Tarleton Light Dragoons" thiab tau teeb tsa thiab teeb tsa raws li tus qauv Askiv.

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Amelikas yog qhov dav thiab muaj zog, thiab cov tub rog, txawm hais tias muaj tsawg tus, yog caj npab muaj txiaj ntsig heev thiab tau siv tas li rau kev saib xyuas thiab nyob rau qhov tsaus ntuj, uas ua rau nws zoo li European hussars. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1780, Tarleton thiab nws cov tub rog tau npog 170 km hauv 54 teev thiab, vim tias muaj kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Wexhau ze ciam teb nrog North Carolina, tau rhuav tshem ntau lub tuam txhab ntawm Colonel Buford cov tub rog, uas tau maj nroos los txhawb kev tiv thaiv. Charleston. Tarleton kuj tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov tub rog ntawm General Gates hauv Camden thiab General Sumter hauv Phishing Creek, uas nws tau lub npe menyuam yaus Cov Ntshav Tarleton. Tab sis ntawm Copens, nws cov neeg caij nees raug kev puas tsuaj. Qhov txaus siab, tom qab kev ua tsov rog kawg, lawv tau rov ua lawv lub kaus mom hlau tshwj xeeb, tsim los ntawm Tarleton nws tus kheej. Nws tau lees paub los ntawm British Light Dragoons thiab tseem ua haujlwm kom txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19.

Kev paub txog kev tsov kev rog ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tau qhia meej meej tias lub teeb rog ntawm cov tub rog yog qhov tsim nyog heev - ob lub tebchaws thiab suav nrog cov neeg los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws, hnav khaub ncaws lawv tus kheej lub khaub ncaws hnav, ci thiab txawv txawv.

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