18-08-1995. Yog tias peb poob qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no, lub ntiaj teb yuav txawv dua - tsis muaj Poland.
Tus Thawj Xeev thiab Tus Thawj Coj-Thawj Coj Józef Pilsudski tsis tau npaj siab tos. Nws ua npau suav txog kev sawv rov los ntawm cov qub Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg ntawm Polish, Lithuanian, Ukrainian thiab Belarusian xyoo 1919, kev xam phaj tub rog xav tau thawb ciam teb ntawm cov neeg ua txhaum loj ntawm kev sib cais ntawm Poland deb sab hnub tuaj li sai tau.
Thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1919, Cov neeg Polish nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tsuas yog me ntsis sab hnub tuaj ntawm tus ciam teb tam sim no ntawm Poland.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis, cia siab tias yuav muaj kev tawm tsam Soviet, General Sheptytsky pab pawg tau hla Nemen, thim rov qab Bolshevik cov tub rog, thiab nyob hauv Slonim thiab thaj tsam ntawm Lida thiab Baranovich. Mus rau sab qab teb, cov neeg Polish hla tus Dej Yaselda thiab Oginsky Canal, nyob Pinsk thiab khawb nyob deb rau sab hnub tuaj.
Nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis, pab pawg muaj zog ntawm cov tub rog Polish nyob rau hauv tus kheej cov lus txib ntawm Pilsudski yeej pawg Bolshevik pab tub rog thiab nyob hauv Vilna, Lida, Novogrudek, Baranovichi.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1919, qhov kev tawm tsam Polish thib ob tau pib nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Cov tub rog Polish nqa Belarusian Minsk thiab nres deb mus rau sab hnub tuaj, ntawm kab ntawm Berezina thiab Dvina dej. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis xyoo 1920, ib pab tub rog ntawm General Rydza-Smigly coj Dvinsk ntawm ciam teb Latvian thiab tom qab ntawd muab lub nroog hla mus rau pab tub rog Latvian.
Pilsudski xav kom thaum kawg cuam tshuam nrog Bolsheviks hauv Ukraine. Kev swb nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm Red Army thiab ciam teb ntawm Dniep er tau muab rau sab hnub tuaj los ntawm Pax Polonica, kev thaj yeeb ntawm cov lus ntawm Lub Tebchaws. Thiab ib qho ntxiv - kev txhawb siab ntawm Ukraine nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm tub rog Polish.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog Polish nrog cov neeg Ukrainian rau Lviv, nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Qaum Teb Poland, hauv Volhynia tuag thaum ib nrab xyoo 1919. Ua ntej qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis txaus ntseeg, Poland tau koom nrog kev koom tes nrog tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Dnieper Ukraine, Ataman Semyon Petliura, uas yav dhau los tau khiav tawm nrog nws pab tub rog nyob rau sab Polish sab pem hauv ntej los ntawm kev nrhiav kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam pab tub rog ntawm General Denikin.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua no yog kev tsis pom kev. Yog tias tsis yog thaum Lub Yim Hli 1920 ze rau Warsaw, tom qab ntawd me ntsis ua ntej - qhov chaw nyob ntawm cresses sab hnub tuaj. Peb yuav tsum koom nrog kev txiav txim siab txiav txim siab nrog Bolsheviks, tsis hais seb peb yuav tawm tsam lawv lossis tos ntev rau kev tawm tsam los ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Peb yuav tsum tawm tsam qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo no, vim tias kev ywj pheej ntawm Poland tom qab 123 xyoo ntawm kev ua cev qhev tsis tuaj yeem hais daws "dhau ib khob dej tshuaj yej", hauv kev ntsiag to ntawm chaw ua haujlwm, kev sib tham hauv kev sib tham.
Thaum tig xyoo 1919 thiab 1920, Moscow thiab Warsaw tau pom zoo txog kev thaj yeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, ob tog tsis ntseeg ib leeg. Thiab ob leeg yog lawm.
Jozef Piłsudski xav tau kev thaj yeeb, tab sis tom qab kev swb ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm Red Army, tsom mus rau ciam teb nrog Poland.
Moscow xav kom muaj kev thaj yeeb, tab sis tom qab kev teeb tsa ntawm Polish Soviet Republic ntawm Vistula.
Hauv kev ua tsov ua rog, txhua tus neeg ua yuam kev - tus uas ua yuam kev tsawg dua yeej.
Pib thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1920, kev tawm tsam Kiev, cov tub rog Polish ua yuam kev ntau dua li lawv tus yeeb ncuab. Kev txawj ntse qhia tsis raug hais tias pab pawg muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm Bolshevik pab tub rog nyob hauv tebchaws Ukraine, tsis xav txog, txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tsom xam loj ntawm Red Army nyob rau sab qaum teb, hauv Vilna-Bialystok cov lus qhia. Thaum nws tau pom meej lawm tias Bolsheviks tau npaj kev tawm tsam nyob rau sab qaum teb, Tus Thawj Coj-Tus Thawj Coj tau txiav txim siab, txawm hais tias txhua yam, yuav tawm tsam thaum ntxov ntawm Kiev, ncig thiab kov yeej Soviet cov tub rog nyob rau sab qab teb, thiab tom qab ntawd xa cov rog mus rau sab qaum teb pem hauv ntej. Qhov no zoo li muaj tseeb, txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qhov xwm txheej uas Bolsheviks tawv ncauj tiv thaiv Kiev.
Tab sis Bolsheviks tsis tau tso cai rau lawv tus kheej raug kaw. Thawj qhov kev tawm tsam Polish, txawm hais tias ua tiav, tau hais rau hauv qhov khoob - lub lauj kaub hauv qab Malin kaw tsuas yog ib hnub tom qab nws yuav tsum, thiab qhov no tau muab Bolsheviks lub sijhawm kom dim. Qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Kiev yog lwm qhov tshuab rau qhov khoob. Bolsheviks tsis tiv thaiv lub nroog, lawv thim rov mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Cov tub rog Lavxias, zoo li ntau zaus ua ntej thiab tom qab, tau raug cawm los ntawm qhov chaw tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Russia.
Cov tswv yim Polish tau ua yuam kev hauv lawv cov kev suav rau kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg Ukrainian. Lawv tsis tau koom nrog Petliura cov tub rog.
- Peb cov phooj ywg - lub sijhawm no nws yog Tus Puav Pheej - tig los ua qhov tsis ncaj ncees: nws hais thiab kos npe rau ib yam, tab sis xav qee yam txawv kiag li! Qhov ncaj ncees tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog Pilsudski, tab sis nws kuj tau npaj tseg, qhov zoo tshaj plaws, txhawm rau rov kho qee yam ntawm "kev tswj hwm tus kheej" lossis "tsoomfwv" hauv tebchaws Ukraine, - tom qab ntawd tau sau tus thawj coj hauv tsoomfwv Petliura, Ivan Feshchenko -Chapivsky. Yog li, Kiev ntoj ke mus kawm poob tag nrho cov ntsiab lus.
Qhov ua yuam kev zaum kawg yog qhov lus txib Polish tsis tau ua tiag rau cov tub rog caij nees ntawm Semyon Budyonny, tau hu sai sai mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Ukrainian. Thaum nws pib taug kev ncig Polish tom qab, nws twb lig dhau lawm. Kev khiav tawm pib nyob rau sab qab teb.
Kremlin tsis ua yuam kev thaum xub thawj. Cov tub rog tau mob siab rau kawm. Qhov tsis txaus hauv riam phom tau ua nrog rau cov khoom plig uas tau txais los ntawm Allied thiab White Guard pab tub rog. Qhov loj ntawm Red Army tau nce mus rau ntau dua lab tus tub rog, thiab kev qhuab qhia tau nce ntxiv. Bolsheviks ua rau muaj kev xav hauv tebchaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Nrog cov lus hais ntawm kev tiv thaiv "Great thiab Independent Russia", lawv tau xaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm tsarist qub rau hauv pab tub rog. Tshwj xeeb ntau ntawm lawv tau los nyob rau hauv cov chij liab tom qab qhov chaw nyob ntawm tsarist tus kws tshaj lij Brusilov, uas tau hu kom tsis nco qab qhov kev tsis txaus siab thiab kev poob thiab koom nrog Bolsheviks.
Ua ntej qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis txaus siab, cov lus txib nyob rau sab qaum teb tau coj los ntawm tus thawj coj tub rog Soviet zoo tshaj uas yeej General Denikin, Mikhail Tukhachevsky.
Kev tawm tsam Soviet, tsim los ntawm Tukhachevsky, tsoo lub tis sab laug ntawm Polish pem hauv ntej. Txawm hais tias tau npaj los tawm tsam, Cov Tub Rog tau muab ib txoj kab tiv thaiv tom qab lwm qhov - ob txoj kab ntawm yav dhau los German kev tiv thaiv ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, thiab kab ntawm Neman, Oginsky Canal, Shchary, Yasodla, thiab thaum kawg Kab thiab Narevi kab.
Tukhachevsky cov tub rog sawv ntawm xub ntiag ntawm Warsaw
Tom qab ntawd, ntau xyoo tom qab, cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev ua rog ntawd tau sim piav qhia thiab piav qhia lawv cov kev ua. Mikhail Tukhachevsky tau sib cav tias nws txiav txim siab tawm tsam Warsaw los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb, txij li nws nyob ntawd, hauv nws lub tswv yim, tias cov tub rog Polish tseem nyob, tiv thaiv txoj hauv kev mus rau Gdansk txoj kev hauv tsev, nrog rau cov khoom siv rau tus ncej los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob mus.. Cov thawj coj tub rog Polish thiab keeb kwm tub rog pom qee yam sib txawv hauv Tukhachevsky lub tswv yim:
"Raws li rau kuv, Kuv piv Tukhachevsky phiaj los nqis tes rau Vistula nrog rau phiaj los nqis tes rau Vistula los ntawm General Paskevich xyoo 1830. Kuv txawm tau sib cav tias lub tswv yim thiab kev coj ua ntawm kev ua haujlwm, pom tseeb, los ntawm cov ntawv khaws cia ntawm Polish-Russia ua tsov rog xyoo 1830, "sau Marshal Jozef Piłsudski.
Qhov kev hais kom ua ntawm Red Army suav nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm tsarist pab tub rog. Tsarist cov tub ceev xwm hauv tsev kawm tub rog tau kawm txog keeb kwm kev ua tsov rog, suav nrog Warsaw kev tswj hwm ntawm Field Marshal Paskevich.
Mikhail Tukhachevsky yuav tsum tau paub txog cua daj cua dub ntawm Warsaw xyoo 1831 rau lwm qhov laj thawj.
Yawg yawg ntawm Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Alexander Tukhachevsky, xyoo 1831 tau hais kom cov tub rog Olonets nyob hauv II Corps ntawm General Kreutz. Nyob rau hnub ntxov ntawm kev ua phem rau Warsaw, Tukhachevsky cov tub rog, ntawm lub taub hau ntawm II Corps kem, tau tawm tsam sab qab teb ntawm Ordon Redoubt. Thaum cov tub rog ntawm Tukhachevsky tsoo rau hauv lub ramparts ntawm Reduta, qhov tawg ntawm lub khw muag hmoov tau rhuav tshem lub tsev tiv thaiv thiab faus, nrog rau cov tiv thaiv, ntau dua ib puas tus tub rog Lavxias thiab cov tub ceev xwm. Colonel Alexander Tukhachevsky, raug mob hnyav, raug coj mus kaw thiab tuag nyob rau tib hnub ntawd.
Nyob rau sab qab teb, Ordon Redoubt tau cua daj cua dub los ntawm lwm pawg ntawm Lavxias lub cev, thiab hauv nws qib Colonel Colonel Liprandi, tus tij laug ntawm Colonel Alexander Tukhachevsky. Tom qab kev tawg ntawm Redoubt thiab kev tuag ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pawg Lavxias, Colonel Liprandi tau hais kom ua thiab hnub tom ntej raug nyiag mus rau kab thib ob ntawm Polish tiv thaiv nruab nrab ntawm cov slingshots ntawm Wola thiab Yeluxalees. Nws yog ib ntawm thawj tus neeg Lavxias nkag mus rau hauv nroog.
Xyoo 1831, tus sau daim phiaj xwm, raws li pab tub rog Lavxias yuav taug kev ntawm sab xis ntawm Vistula mus rau ciam teb Prussian, hla mus rau sab laug txhab nyiaj, rov los thiab cua daj cua dub Warsaw, yog Tsar Nicholas I. Field Marshal Paskevich lees txais Tsar txoj kev npaj nrog lub siab hnyav. Nws paub tias, nqes mus rau Vistula, nws yuav qhib nws sab laug thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo raug swb los ntawm cov tub rog Polish nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Modlin fortress.
Txoj phiaj xwm tawm tsam sab laug ntawm cov neeg Lavxias tau xav tam sim los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij tshaj lij ntawm xyoo 1831 phiaj xwm, General Ignacy Prondzyński. Txawm li cas los xij, tus thawj coj -tus thawj coj, General Jan Skshinetsky - raws li ib txwm muaj, thaum muaj txoj hauv kev los yeej qhov kev txiav txim siab yeej tshwm sim - nyiam nyob hauv nroog, tham txog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev noj hmo nrog tus kws ua zaub mov tus kheej thiab ua rau cov neeg pleev xim.
Tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Colonel Alexander Tukhachevsky, Mikhail, xyoo 1920 cuam lub zog tseem ceeb, peb pab tub rog thiab tub rog tub rog mus rau sab qaum teb, raws txoj kev ntawm Field Marshal Paskevich.
Tab sis tom qab ntawd, hmoov zoo, peb muaj cov thawj coj ntawm nqaij thiab ntshav. Nyob hauv cheeb tsam Modlin 5, Cov Tub Rog ntawm General Vladislav Sikorsky hnub tom qab tom qab tsis muaj zog, pab pawg hauv nruab nrab ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tawm tsam ncaj qha rau Warsaw thiab coj Radzymin, tsoo sab qaum teb, ntawm lub zog loj ntawm Tukhachevsky. General Sikorski, ib puas xyoo dhau los, ua tiav txoj haujlwm General Prondzhinsky. Txawm hais tias Pawg Tub Rog thib 5 muaj peb zaug tsawg dua tub rog thiab phom ntau dua li Bolshevik cov tub rog, General Sikorsky, Napoleonic maneuvering nrog cov tub rog me me, tau tig los rhuav cov yeeb ncuab pawg thiab yuam kom lawv tawm mus.
Cov tub rog Ulan 203rd tau ya mus rau Tsekhanov ib pliag, nrog rau kev ua tub rog tiag, qhov kev ntshai ntawm Soviet cov thawj coj tau hlawv lub chaw haujlwm xov tooj cua tub rog. Cov pab pawg muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm Tukhachevsky cov tub rog tau sib cais, tawg, tsis muaj kev sib txuas lus thiab khaws nyiaj hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txawm hais tias nws tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov tub rog ntawm General Sikorsky, thaum lub sijhawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nws tsis tuaj yeem hem hem Warsaw ntxiv lawm.
Tukhachevsky thawj zaug ntawm txhua qhov xav kov yeej cov tub rog Polish tseem ceeb, uas nws xav tias yuav pom sab qaum teb ntawm Warsaw. Hauv kev tawm tsam ncaj qha rau lub peev, nws tau xa ib pab tub rog nkaus xwb, tab sis nws tseem muaj qhov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib piv nrog cov tub rog Polish tiv thaiv thaj tsam Warsaw. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 13, 1920, Bolsheviks tau tawm tsam Radzymin. Yog li pib Tsov Rog ntawm Warsaw.
Tom qab ntawd Radzymin dhau ntawm tes mus rau tes. Cov Russians thiab Poles pov lawv cov peev txheej kawg rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Lawv tau tawm tsam qhov ntawd hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov, tab sis kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem tau tawm tsam hauv qhov dav ntawm ntug hiav txwv ntawm Warsaw. Cov no tsis yog kev sib tsoo zoo ntawm pawg neeg loj, tab sis yog kev sib ntaus hauv zos. Kev poob siab, ntshav. Lub Bolsheviks tau muab lub zog los ntawm cov xov xwm tias lub ru tsev ntawm Warsaw tau pom los ntawm tus pej thuam ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab uas raug kaw. Cov tub rog paub tias tsis muaj qhov chaw rov qab los. Kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev swb thiab thim rov qab, cov tub rog thaum xub thawj tsis tawm tsam ua siab tawv dhau, lawv feem ntau raug kev ntshai. Kev coj tus cwj pwm tau tshwm sim tom qab thawj qhov ua tiav, tom qab pab tub rog ntawm cov neeg pab dawb mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.
"Cov pov thawj tau koom nrog cov tub rog nyob rau qib raws li tus txiv plig thiab kev txiav txim. Coob leej ntawm lawv tau rov qab kho kom zoo nkauj. Tus neeg siab dawb mus, nruab nrab thiab me me, yuav luag txhua yam ntawm lawv tus kheej nees. Los ntawm kuv tsev neeg tuaj plaub Kakovsky, ob Ossovsky, ob Vilmanov, Yanovsky, yuav luag txhua tus neeg uas muaj peev xwm tuav riam phom. Txhua tus neeg txawj ntse, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm dhia ua si, pib txij qib 6, mus. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev tau mus ntau, "Cardinal Alexander Kakovsky sau.
80 txhiab tus neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Warsaw
Kev tuag ntawm pov thawj Skorupka dhau los ua lub cim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Warsaw. Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua, lawv tau sau tias nws tuag, coj cov tub rog mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam, tuav tus ntoo khaub lig nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws zoo li rab phom. Nov yog qhov Kossak piav qhia nws li cas.
Nws txawv. Cov pov thawj hluas Stanislav Skorupka tuaj yeem pab dawb thiab dhau los ua tus thawj ntawm pawg tub rog thib 1 ntawm 236th Infantry Regiment ntawm 1863 Veterans Volunteer Army. Nws tsis xav tawm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb tsis tau nyob ib leeg hauv qab cov mos txwv. Tus thawj coj, tus thawj tub rog thib ob Slovikovsky, tau thov kom tso cai tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog. Thaum tus pov thawj tuag los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj hauv lub taub hau, tus ntoo khaub lig nyob ntawm nws lub hauv siab, hauv qab nws cov khaub ncaws.
"Txuj ci tseem ceeb", raws li cov neeg xav tau nyob ib puag ncig, tau tshwm sim ntawm Vistula, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ntej, nyob deb rau sab hnub tuaj, ntawm Oginsky Canal, ntawm Neman lossis Kab thiab Narevi. Tam sim ntawd tom qab pib ntawm Tukhachevsky kev ua phem, Marshal Jozef Pilsudski npaj siab ua nyob rau sab hnub tuaj yam nws tau ua thaum kawg ntawm Vistula: txhawm rau mob siab rau pab tub rog poob siab ntawm sab laug ntawm Bolsheviks, nyob hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub nroog muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo, thiab nrog ib qho kev tawm tsam sai sai kom tsoo sab laug ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, txiav nws txoj hauv kev.
Ob zaug tus thawj tswj hwm tsis ua tiav, vim hais tias cov tub rog Polish tau tso txoj kev npaj ntawm kev tawm tsam. Vajtswv hlub trinity - tshuab los ntawm Vepsh (Dej Vepsh yog txoj cai ntu ntawm Vistula, kwv yees li txhais lus.) Hloov Tukhachevsky phiaj los nqis tes rau Vistula ua kom tiav.
Qhov tseeb tias Marshal Piłsudski tau xav txog kev tawm tsam ntawm sab laug qhib ntawm Red Army ntev ua ntej qhov ntawd tsis lees paub qhov hais lus phem uas tus sau ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm Vepsch yog tus kws pab tswv yim Fab Kis, General Weygand, lossis ib tus neeg Polish tsis ntseeg, cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis pom tias tus plig ntawm General Pilsudski tau txav los hla Pilsudski txoj kev txav chaw (qhov no kuj tau pom los ntawm cov kws sau keeb kwm German). Nws yog tib lub tswv yim, tsuas yog nqa mus rau qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua loj dua.
General Sikorski thiab Marshal Pilsudski tau ua keeb kwm kua zaub ntsuab rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los (Kaum Ib Hlis Tawm Tsam Xyoo 1830 - kwv yees txhais lus.). Nrog lawv txoj kev sib ntaus, lawv tau hwm lub cim xeeb ntawm General Prdzyński hauv txoj kev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws.
Qhov teeb meem nrog Miracle ntawm Vistula yog tias tsis muaj txuj ci tseem ceeb
Bolshevik tus kws tshaj lij, mus rau Vistula, pib ua rau neeg tuag yuam kev, tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm Providence, tab sis theej tib neeg ntau dua ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub taub hau los ntawm kev ua tiav. Tukhachevsky, ntseeg tias pab tub rog Polish twb tau ua tsis ncaj ncees tag nrho, ua rau nws cov tub rog tawg thiab khiav mus rau sab hnub poob yam tsis nco qab, tsis quav ntsej txog cov khoom siv thiab cov peev txheej uas tau tso tseg tom qab Neman.
Warsaw thiab Poland tau ntseeg tias tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm Alexander Yegorov, tus thawj coj ntawm Bolshevik pab tub rog hauv tebchaws Ukraine thiab Volhynia. Raws li cov phiaj xwm ntawm lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1920, nws yuav tsum hla dhau Polesie swamps thiab, tom qab kev hloov pauv nyob deb, tawm tsam sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj mus rau Warsaw. Ntawm txoj kev, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tau tsoo pawg Polish ntawm Vepsha. Yog tias tsis tau muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm Pilsudski, Warsaw, coj hauv pincers, yuav poob - qhov zoo tshaj hauv kev muaj zog ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Soviet yuav zoo heev. Tab sis Bolsheviks tam sim ua ntej kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Warsaw tig Ukrainian-Volyn pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv cov tub rog mus rau Lvov, mus rau Galicia. Hauv kev nkag siab, tawm ntawm kev ntshai ntawm Romania. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, hauv lawv txoj kev xav, lawv twb pom Warsaw, raug ntes los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Tukhachevsky, thiab Yegorov - taug kev hla Hungary mus rau Yugoslavia.
Ntawm Vistula, tus tub rog Polish tiv thaiv kev ua siab loj, cov thawj coj coj ua txuj ci thiab ua tau zoo. Qhov no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv peb keeb kwm niaj hnub no, tab sis tseem nws tsis yog txuj ci tseem ceeb.
Tsis tas li, kev tawm tsam los ntawm Vepsha nws tus kheej tsis yog qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb. Yog lawm, nws yog txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav tub rog. Los ntawm kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev swb thiab thim rov qab, Pilsudski rub tawm cov chav zoo tshaj plaws, ua rau lawv muaj zog thiab tsom mus rau ntawm qhov chaw deb kom ua tib zoo li ntawd, txawm hais tias tag nrho kev ua tau zoo ntawm Tukhachevsky cov rog, Cov Tub Rog tau tsib zaug muaj zog nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia los ntawm Vepsa.
Thiab, thaum kawg, kev tsom xam ntawm cov tub rog tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm Vepsha tsis txhais tau tias txhua yam tau muab tso rau hauv ib daim npav.
Tus lej lej lej Stefan Mazurkiewicz, tom qab tus thawj coj ntawm Józef Piłsudski University hauv Warsaw thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Polish Mathematical Society, txiav txim siab Soviet xov tooj cua code. Thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Warsaw, Polish txawj ntse paub lub hom phiaj ntawm Soviet cov lus txib thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm cov chav loj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab.
Peb yeej yeej tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov inevitable. Tukhachevsky cov tub rog nyob ze Warsaw yog ib feem peb ntxiv hauv tus lej. Nws txaus rau lawv cov lus txib kom zam ib qho ntawm lawv qhov ua yuam kev. Nws txaus tias hauv ib ntawm peb qhov kev qhia ntawm Warsaw kev sib ntaus sib tua, kev zoo siab tau hloov pauv tub rog Polish.
Cov neeg soj ntsuam txawv teb chaws ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Warsaw tau txais lub tswv yim tias tub rog Polish tau cawm Western Europe los ntawm Bolshevik kev ntxeem tau. Lawv xav tib yam hauv tebchaws Poland.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1920, Bolsheviks, txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj lub hom phiaj pab German kev tawm tsam, txij li nws tau raug tshem tawm ntev. Nyob ntawm ciam teb ntawm Prussia Sab Hnub Poob thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1920, ntawm Soviet txoj haujlwm, ob tus kws tshaj lij tau ntsib: tub ceev xwm German thiab Tub Rog Liab. Soviet Commissar Ivanitsky tau hais rau nws tus neeg sib tham tias tom qab kev kov yeej Poland, Moscow yuav tsis pom zoo rau Treaty ntawm Versailles thiab xa rov qab 1914 ciam teb ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Russia.
Hauv Warsaw, cov yeeb ncuab ntawm Marshal Pilsudski liam nws tias yog. uas nyob hauv Warsaw Cathedral nws muaj lub xov tooj tsis pub lwm tus paub, nrog kev pab uas nws txuas txhua txhua hmo nrog Trotsky hauv Kremlin thiab muab kev zais tub rog rau nws. Trotsky muaj xov tooj, tab sis nws txuas nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, 1920, Cov Neeg Lavxias tau txuas xov tooj tshwj xeeb los ntawm Moscow hla thaj tsam Polish uas tau ntes mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussia.
Muaj cov neeg German txuas nws mus rau kab Krulevets-Berlin, uas khiav raws ntug hiav txwv. Yog li Soviet-Weimar kev sib koom tes tau tsim, lub hom phiaj uas yog plaub qhov kev faib tawm ntawm Poland.
Kab tau raug kaw tsib hnub tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Warsaw.
Western Europe tau nyab xeeb hauv xyoo 1920. Tab sis thaum muaj kev swb ntawm Poland, Baltic koom pheej thiab xeev Balkan tsis muaj txoj hauv kev, tsis suav nrog Yugoslavia.
Nyob ze Warsaw, peb tau cawm lawv txoj kev ywj pheej, cov neeg tseem ceeb, thiab yav tom ntej.
Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, peb tau cawm peb tus kheej.
Los ntawm kev xav ntawm tsib caug xyoo dhau los, nws zoo li qhov phem tshaj, kev ua qhev yuav tsuas yog 20 xyoo ntev dua. Tab sis qhov no yuav tsis yog qhov txaus ntshai nruab nrab ntawm 40s thiab 50s. Kev tua neeg nyob hauv Bialystok thiab Radzymin tau qhia tias qhov kev txiav txim tshiab yuav zoo li cas. Soviet Poland hauv 30s feem ntau yuav ntsib txoj hmoo ntawm Soviet Ukraine. Muaj, qhov kev txiav txim tshiab tau tsim rau ntawm qhov ntxa ntawm ntau lab tus neeg raug tsim txom.
Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab Bolshevik pab tub rog tau kov yeej Central Europe, keeb kwm kev nom kev tswv ntawm peb lub teb chaws yuav tau ploj mus txawv txawv. Nws yog tragic rau peb.
Cov nuj nqis rau xyoo 1920 yeej yuav tsum tau them tom qab
Los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, cov tub ceev xwm Polish tau pom cov lus xaus uas txaus ntshai heev rau yav tom ntej.
Kev sib tsoo nrog Soviet cavalry tau lees paub cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev ntseeg tias cov tub rog caij nees yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws. Thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Warsaw, cov tub rog Polish tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis cov lus txib tsis muaj peev xwm siv tau lawv kom raug, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tsis suav lub tank cov tub rog. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis xyoo 1939 peb muaj ntau tus kws kho mob thiab ob peb lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam.
Xyoo 1920, peb tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv huab cua, ua tsaug rau ib feem rau cov neeg Asmeskas pab dawb. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm Polish kev ya dav hlau tau ua tsaug thiab txawm tias tau tshaj los ntawm Tukhachevsky thiab Budyonny. Babel hauv "Cavalry" piav qhia qhov kev pab tsis tau nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub dav hlau Polish.
Cov thawj coj tub rog Polish tsis muaj peev xwm siv aviation tau zoo, thiab lawv tsis nkag siab tias kev ya dav hlau tseem ceeb yuav zoo li cas yav tom ntej. Lawv dhau los ua qhov ntseeg ntawm qhov no tom qab kaum cuaj xyoo.
Los ntawm thawj hnub ntawm Warsaw kev sib ntaus sib tua, Grodno Regiment ntawm Lithuanian-Belarusian Division raws li cov lus txib ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Bronislav Bohaterovich tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus rau Radzymin. Tom qab peb hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus tsis tu ncua, Radzymin tau tawm tsam. Ntawm cov koog uas nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog yog cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Lieutenant Colonel Bohaterovich.
Xyoo 1943, lub cev ntawm General Bohaterovich tau raug khawb hauv hav zoov Katyn. Nws yog ib tus ntawm ob tus tub ceev xwm Polish raug tua nyob ntawd.
Hauv kev ua tsov rog xyoo 1920, Yauxej Stalin yog tus sawv cev ntawm pab pawg Ukrainian ntawm Red Army. Thaum sib ntaus, nws nthuav tawm nws tus kheej rau kev thuam rau nws qhov tsis muaj peev xwm. Nws txoj kev txiav txim siab coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias thaum Tsov Rog Warsaw, ib feem ntawm Bolshevik pab tub rog los ntawm sab qab teb ntawm Poland tsis tau tsiv mus rau Warsaw, uas, kom paub meej, yuav tau xaus kev txaj muag rau peb. Tom qab ntawd, nws tshem tawm Soviet cov thawj coj tub rog, ua pov thawj ntawm nws qhov nruab nrab. Cov lus nug ntawm seb puas nco txog xyoo 1920 cuam tshuam rau Stalin qhov kev txiav txim siab tua cov tub ceev xwm Polish hauv xyoo 1940, zoo li, yuav tsis teb ib zaug li.
Tus tub rog tuag xav tau dab tsi?
Ob yam tseeb.
Yog li ntawd nws tsis tuag nyob rau hauv vain. Yuav tsum nco ntsoov.
Kaum rau thiab kaum yim xyoo cov tub ntxhais kawm, tuaj yeem pab dawb los ntawm ze Ossovo, peb ua tsaug ntau. Lawv lub toj ntxas me me nrog lub tsev teev ntuj hauv hav zoov tshem tawm hauv Ossowo zoo li yog qhov chaw so zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog Polish uas kuv tau pom dua.
Cov tub rog hnyav lub ntxa thiab lub tsev teev ntuj hauv toj ntxas hauv Radzymin tau ua kom zoo zoo.
Tab sis, feem ntau, tshuav me ntsis ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawd.
Ob peb monuments nyob hauv cov zos thiab hauv nroog.
Ntau qhov chaw tseem ceeb tsis tau cim lossis piav qhia txhua txoj hauv kev. Tsis muaj ib qho dab neeg hais txog keeb kwm keeb kwm. Bar "Hauv qab Bolshevik" hauv Radzymin tsis ntev los no tau hloov pauv "Bar-Tsev Noj Mov". Radzymin tsis yog Waterloo, nyob tshwj xeeb ntawm kev nco txog Napoleonic sib ntaus sib tua, puv ntawm panoramas, nthuav tawm, khoom plig, thiab qhia. Tab sis Radzymin tsis yog Waterloo thiab vim tias qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tuaj yeem tig txoj hauv kev ntawm keeb kwm - xyoo 1815 Napoleon yuav poob rau txhua qhov xwm txheej.
Thiab peb lub hlis twg ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los, nyob ze Warsaw, Tebchaws Poland tau txais kev cawmdim, ib nrab ntawm Europe, tej zaum yog lub ntiaj teb.
Yog tag nrho.
