Hauv cov hnub no Lub Yim Hli, tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws tshiab ntawm Poland Bronislaw Komorowski, tsoomfwv thiab Seimas ua kev zoo siab rau lawv cov phooj ywg nyob rau 90th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev yeej ntawm pab tub rog Józef Pilsudski hla cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog liab ntawm Warsaw.
Txij li tsis muaj ntau hnub tseem ceeb hauv Polish cov cuab tam - ntau thiab ntau hnub ua koob tsheej ntawm kev faib tawm, kev ua tiav thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj loj hauv tebchaws, hnub tseem ceeb no tau ua kev zoo siab tshwj xeeb. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau lub sijhawm tam sim no tau ntxeev siab los ntawm nws tus yam ntxwv ntawm Russophobic - ntawm chav kawm, vim tias qhov kev yeej yeej dhau ntawm "psheklentny Muscovites"! Tellingly, 65th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm Warsaw (zoo li Krakow, Gdansk, Poznanie thiab lwm lub nroog) los ntawm cov neeg German ntxeem tau, uas ntau pua txhiab tus tib "Muscovites" tau tso tseg, uas dhau xyoo ntawd, tsis tau pom dua nyob hauv tebchaws Poland.
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Txawm hais tias cov lus cog tseg tau ua nyob rau hauv Kev Thaj Yeeb ntawm Riga tsis txhawb nqa kev tawm tsam tsoomfwv cov haujlwm hauv ib cheeb tsam uas nyob ib sab, Cov Tub Rog hauv xyoo 1921-1924. tau pab cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm Savinkov, Petliura, thiab Bulak-Balakhovich los ua tub rog ua haujlwm tawm tsam Soviet lub zog. Rau nws ib feem, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab txog thaum xyoo 1925 tau txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm ib feem hauv Western Belarus los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm Orlovsky, Vaupshasov thiab lwm tus.
Tab sis nrog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg "txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Vistula" ntawm xyoo 1920, Tus ncej tsis tsuas yog maj nrawm ib puag ncig zoo li tus cwj pwm nto moo nrog cov ntawv sau, tab sis txhua txoj hauv kev ua tau tseem hais txog nws "lub ntiaj teb-keeb kwm tseem ceeb."
"Kev sib ntaus sib tua yog qhov tseem ceeb rau Poland, vim nws tau khaws kev ywj pheej ntawm peb lub tebchaws. Yog tias Tebchaws Poland poob, tom qab ntawd txhua qhov xwm txheej uas tom qab poob rau Soviet Ukraine, Belarus - Liab Kev Ua Phem, Cheka, kev sib sau ua ke, Holodomor yuav poob rau nws. Cov tub rog Polish tom qab ntawd tau teeb tsa qhov teeb meem uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev nthuav dav ntawm kev sib tham. Yog tias kev sib txuas lus tau dhau los ntawm Tebchaws Poland, tom qab ntawd nws yuav muaj txoj hauv kev zoo rau kis mus rau thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe, "tus kws sau keeb kwm Polish, xibfwb Tomasz Nalench, hais los ntawm Xov Tooj Cua Liberty.
Daim duab apocalyptic ntau dua Pan Nalench pleev xim rau hauv kab lus "Yog tias Soviets yeej …" ("Tygodnik Powszechny", Poland). Txhua tus neeg uas xav luag tuaj yeem nyeem tag nrho tsab xov xwm ntawm Lub Suab ntawm Russia. Hauv qhov ua piv txwv, cia peb hais - raws li Nalench, yog tias tsis yog rau Polish siab, hordes ntawm cov ntshav Bolsheviks yuav tau mus txog Askiv Channel thiab Strait ntawm Gibraltar xyoo 1920. Yog li Goose tau cawm Rome, uas yog, Poland - European kev ywj pheej kev vam meej.
Nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias, txawm hais tias txhua qhov "hmoov tsis zoo" uas, raws li Nalench, "Moscow Bolshevism" coj los, nws tus kheej tau nyob ua nws lub neej feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj-kav tebchaws Poland cov neeg koom pheej. Ntxiv mus, txawm hais tias "Kev Ua Phem Liab, Cheka, kev sib sau ua ke, Holodomor", nws tsis nyob hauv qhov av lossis hauv qhov chaw sib koom siab, tab sis ua tus tswv cuab koom nrog ua tiav, tus kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm qib siab nrog tus kws tshaj lij, thiab tus kws sau ntawv tsis tu ncua ntawm lub tsev tshaj tawm Soviet " Kev sau ntawv nom tswv ".
Kuv kuj muaj sijhawm los nyeem phau ntawv "Daria thiab Tomasz Nalench. Jozef Pilsudski: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! Cov lus dab neeg thiab qhov tseeb. - M., 1990 ". Muaj, Pan (lossis, lub sijhawm ntawd, "phooj ywg") Nalench thiab nws tus poj niam Daria tsim nyog nthuav tawm tam sim no lub teb chaws tus phab ej Pilsudski hauv kev tawm tsam, kev ntxeev siab ntawm qhov ua rau Marxism, kev kho mob Russophobia thiab kev xav yuam kev.
Cov neeg txom nyem Polish hais txog txoj hmoo ntawm Ukraine thiab Belarus tseem muaj kev kov ntau dua. Txoj kev tswjfwm uas Cov Tub Ceev Xwm tau tsim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cov av no uas tau tawm mus hla Kev Thaj Yeeb ntawm Riga (1921), txawm tias yog Russophobic "Rukhovtsy" thiab "Beenefovtsy" yam ntxwv "ethnocide".
Qhov tseeb, yog tias koj xav txog qhov yeej ntawm "liab" thaum Lub Yim Hli 1920, vim li cas thiaj tsis nco qab tias kev ua tsov rog nws tus kheej pib nrog kev ntxeev siab Polish ntawm Ukraine thiab Belarus.
Txawm hais tias tam sim no Cov Tub Rog tsis kam lees tias sai li sai tau thaum xyoo 1918 kev rov kho dua ntawm Poland txoj kev ywj pheej tau tshaj tawm, lawv tam sim ntawd thov "keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm 1772". Yooj yim muab - Western Dvina thiab Dnieper, ntxiv rau Baltic thiab Dub "Mozha" tau xav tias yuav dhau los ua ciam teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Poland.
Cov neeg Polish nyiam ua rau poob siab txawm tias Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Siab ntawm Entente txhawb nqa nws, thiab Tus Tswv Curzon (raws li KM. RU twb tau hais ntau zaus) kom txo qis nws txoj kev ntshaw thiab txwv nws tus kheej rau thaj tsam haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg Polish. Li no lub npe nrov "Curzon Kab" tau tshwm sim, nrog rau niaj hnub no, rau feem ntau, ciam teb ntawm Poland nrog Ukraine thiab Belarus hla.
Nws yog qhov xav paub, txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias, raws li nws tau pom tseeb rau txhua tus, Tswv Curzon tsis yog tus tswv cuab ntawm Txoj Cai Tswjfwm Kev Ua Haujlwm, lossis Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev, rau kab no hauv tebchaws Poland lawv tau ua txhaum ncaj ncees ntawm Moscow. Txawm li cas los xij, haiv neeg Ukrainian, txaus txaus, kuj tau chim siab rau nws - lawv hais tias, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav tawm ntau dua "keeb kwm Ukrainian thaj av" los ntawm Poland. Tab sis, dua, cov lus thov tsis tau hais txog - yws txog tus tswv tebchaws Askiv.
Tsis zoo li niaj hnub Polish (thiab Ukrainian) "patriots", uas feem ntau muaj peev xwm tsuas yog ua phem phem, cov lus hais txog Józef Pilsudski, cia peb muab nws qhov nws tsim nyog, ua rau nws yog tus txiav txim siab ntau dua. Nws txiav txim siab tsis hais lus phem txog Supreme Council ntawm Entente thiab tus tswv nrog nws txoj kab, thiab nws tus kheej tau txiav txim siab kho kab ntawm xeev ciam teb. Raws li lawv tus kheej kev nkag siab txog lawv kev ncaj ncees.
Rov qab rau xyoo 1919, nws cov tub rog nyob ze yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws ntawm Belarus, yeej Western Western Republic hauv Galicia, thiab txawm tias nkag mus rau Latvia thiab Lithuania. Hauv tebchaws Russia, muaj kev sib cav ntawm "liab" thiab "dawb", thiab ob qho tib si tuaj yeem ua rau Polish ua nkaus xwb nrog sau ntawv ntawm kev tawm tsam - uas tsis muaj leej twg hauv Warsaw nyeem, vim tias tsis yog "liab" lossis "dawb" tsoomfwv ntawm Russia Poland lees paub.
Txawm li cas los xij, Pilsudski ntseeg tias kev yeej ntawm "Reds" yog qhov zoo rau Poland - thiab qhov tseeb tau pab lawv kov yeej pab tub rog ntawm General Denikin. Qhov tom kawg, raws li Pilsudski nkag siab zoo, tsis paub txog kev txeeb chaw ntawm Polish. Thiab Bolsheviks - tom qab tag nrho, "proletarians tsis muaj ciam teb", tej zaum yuav pom zoo rau qhov no. Qhov tseeb, thaum pib xyoo 1920, Bolsheviks tau muab Poland kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, qhov tseeb muab rau lawv Belarus. Tab sis qhov no zoo li tsis txaus rau Pilsudski, thiab thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1920 nws cov tub rog tau coj Kiev nrog kev nrawm nrawm.
Ntawm no Bolsheviks coj nws hnyav dua - txawm hais tias lawv tseem tawm tsam kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Wrangel, lawv lub zog loj tau hloov mus rau Siberia thiab Turkestan, thiab kev tawm tsam Bolshevik tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tau mus thoob tebchaws Russia. Lub tebchaws tau ua tiav kev lag luam poob. Thiab qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm "kev sib ntaus sib tua ua rog" tau lees paub txawm tias los ntawm nws tus tsim, Lev Davydovich Trotsky. Txawm li cas los xij, tau hloov cov tub rog los ntawm Siberia thiab North Caucasus, sim hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog pab tub rog ntawm Kolchak thiab Denikin, cov lus txib liab tau tuaj yeem txhawb qee pab tub rog tsis muaj zog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob thiab Sab Hnub Poob.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias, tsis zoo li cov koog pov tseg los ntawm sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj, cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob ntawm Bolsheviks tau qis dua ib qho kev thuam. Lawv suav nrog feem ntau ntawm yav dhau los hu ua "daim ntaub thaiv", uas yog, cov neeg uas tsis muaj chaw mus tom qab kev sib tsoo ntawm cov tub rog qub, lossis leej twg xav nrhiav yam tsawg kawg yog zaub mov thiab khaub ncaws nyob ntawd. Tsis zoo li cov tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb thiab Sab Hnub Poob, lawv yuav luag tsis koom nrog kev tawm tsam. Kev tuaj txog ntawm cov chaw xws li 1st Cavalry Army, 3rd Cavalry Corps of Guy, 27th Omsk Red Banner Division, thiab lwm tus lej, hloov qhov xwm txheej ntawm Polish pem hauv ntej. Piv txwv li, tsuas yog hauv pab tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob (cov lus txib uas tau muab rau Mikhail Tukhachevsky) thiab thaum Lub Rau Hli 1920 ib leeg tau txais ntau dua 58 txhiab tus txhawb ntxiv. Thaum npaj kev txiav txim siab tsis txaus ntseeg hauv Belarus, 8 kev sib faib phom, 4 rab phom phom, 1 pab tub rog tub rog thiab pab tub rog tuaj txog ntawm xub ntiag. Cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob ntawm Alexander Yegorov kuj tseem ua tau zoo ntxiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav thaum Lub Rau Hli-Lub Xya Hli 1920, Cov tub rog Polish tau swb hauv Belarus thiab Ukraine, thiab cov tub rog liab tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam.
Nws yog thaum ntawd ob Pawg Kws Tshaj Lij Tshaj Tawm Tsov Rog (coj los ntawm Trotsky) thiab cov lus txib ntawm lub ntsej muag ua rau cov lus hais nrov no Mus rau tom ntej, mus rau Warsaw! Txuas mus rau Berlin! Nyob ntev lub ntiaj teb kev hloov pauv!”, Uas lawv nyiam nco txog niaj hnub no. Txawm hais tias, tau kawg, nws tau ua tiav txoj kev tawm tsam - dab tsi yog phiaj xwm rau Berlin, yog tias Cov Tub Rog Liab tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog Wrangel's Crimea ib leeg rau yuav luag ib xyoos.
Ntau ntau tau sau txog qhov ua txhaum ntau ntawm Red Command, ob qho tib si Tukhachevsky, thiab Commander-in-Chief Sergei Kamenev, thiab txog kev ua ntawm Yegorov, tus thawj coj ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob (uas nws feem ntau yog kev coj ua txuas nrog Stalin, leej twg yog tus tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam nyob rau ntawd), txog qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lawv. Kev tawm tsam ntawm Tukhachevsky cov kev coj ua, uas nthuav kev sib txuas lus, ua rau cov tub rog tawg thiab tsis tswj hwm lawv, tau lees paub txawm tias nws thov txim. Thiab dab tsi yog Tukhachevsky's "kev hloov pauv tshiab" muaj nqis, raws li qhov tsis lees paub ntawm cov peev txheej: txhua yam uas yog, yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg tam sim rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws ntseeg.
Coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov xwm txheej no, "txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Vistula" tau dhau los ua qhov zoo nkauj heev. Thaum Cov Tub Rog tau pib tawm tsam hauv cheeb tsam Wieprz thaum Lub Yim Hli 16, lawv muaj ntau dua li pab pawg tub rog Soviet tawm tsam lawv nyob rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm kev tawm tsam loj. Thiab txawm hais tias feem ntau cov tub rog ntawm ob sab yog kwv yees li sib npaug, feem ntau ntawm cov pawg liab tau tswj kom nce mus rau sab xis ntawm sab xis ntawm kev tawm tsam uas, tom qab kev kov yeej hauv nruab nrab, thaum Lub Yim Hli 17-18, lawv tau ua tiav puag ncig, sib cais los ntawm ntau pua mais ntawm lawv nraub qaum … Nrog kev poob loj los ntawm 25 Lub Yim Hli, cov seem ntawm 15th, 3rd thiab 16th Soviet cov tub rog tau tawg mus rau thaj tsam Bialystok thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm Brest-Litovsk. Thiab cov tub rog thib 4 nrog rau pab tub rog thib 3 thiab ob pawg ntawm pawg tub rog 15 tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau, thiab raug yuam kom tawm mus rau kev ua haujlwm nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Prussia.
Qhov tseeb, tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsov rog tau xyaum ua ntej. Thiab txawm hais tias, ntawm ib sab, tseem muaj nqe lus hais txog kev hloov pauv tshiab rau lub ntiaj teb kev hloov pauv, thiab ntawm lwm qhov, hais txog cov ciam teb los ntawm "tuaj yeem" mus "tau", nyob rau sab saum toj hauv Moscow thiab hauv Warsaw lawv nkag siab tias qhov no twb yog utopia lawm. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1920, hauv Riga, ob tog tau pom zoo sai sai rau kev ua tsis ncaj ncees, piav qhia thaj tsam ntawm kab hauv ntej uas kwv yees li tsim los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1921, cov ciam teb no tau pom zoo los ntawm Kev Thaj Yeeb ntawm Riga.
Cov Tub Rog, tib lub sijhawm, "cuam tshuam" cov neeg tawg rog Ukrainian ntawm Petliura (uas tau lees paub los ntawm lawv tias yog tsoomfwv raug cai ntawm Ukraine), pom zoo nrog Soviet sab tsis tso cai rau lawv los sib tham. Txawm li cas los xij, Bolsheviks tau pom zoo hais lus zoo thaum, hais txog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Siab ntawm Entente ntawm kev ywj pheej rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Galicia, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm sab hnub poob hauv tebchaws Ukrainian Cov Neeg Sawv Cev tau sim ua txhaum los ntawm kev sib tham hauv Riga. Cov Tub Rog tsis kam tso cai rau lawv txawm nyob ntawm lub qhov rooj, uas cov neeg sawv cev Soviet tau koom nrog lawv.
