Lub Koom Haum Tshawb Nrhiav Kev Thaj Yeeb Hauv Stockholm tau tshaj tawm qeb duas ntawm cov xa khoom loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Raws li nws, Ukraine tsis nyob ntawm kaum tus lag luam saum toj kawg nkaus. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm teev npe tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb kev xa tawm riam phom rau lub sijhawm 2014-2018. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm hom no yog qhov txaus siab rau cov kws tshaj lij cuam tshuam txog kev tshem riam phom thiab teeb meem tswj caj npab.
Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom, tus thawj coj ntawm kev ntaus nqi yog Tebchaws Meskas, uas tau nce qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom siv riam phom los ntawm 6 feem pua vim yog kev ua phem nyob hauv Middle East (feem ntawm Tebchaws Meskas yog 36%). Qhov chaw thib ob tau coj los ntawm Russia, uas nws cov khoom lag luam hauv ntiaj teb yog 21%. Daim duab no tau poob 6 feem pua los ntawm ib qho dhau los vim yog kev txo qis kev koom tes nrog Venezuela thiab Is Nrias teb. Fabkis kaw peb sab saum toj (kwv yees li 7 feem pua ntawm kev ua lag luam). Kaum tus neeg xa khoom sab saum toj tseem suav nrog Tuam Tshoj, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Spain, Great Britain, Israel, Netherlands thiab Ltalis. Kev loj hlob loj tshaj plaws hauv kev muag khoom yog nyob hauv Israel, nrog kev muag khoom nce 60 feem pua nyob rau tsib xyoos dhau los.
Raws li rau Ukraine, tam sim no nws nyob hauv 12 qhov chaw. Kev faib tawm ntawm Ukrainian kev xa khoom poob los ntawm 2.8 feem pua mus rau 1.3 feem pua, thiab ntim - los ntawm 47 feem pua.
Qauv ntawm Ukrainian xa tawm
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias muaj ib lub sijhawm thaum Ukraine yog ib ntawm tsib lub tuam txhab xa khoom loj tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Lub Xeev Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Pabcuam. Tshwj xeeb, rau lub sijhawm 2007-2013. Lub xeev Ukrainian tau xa tawm 957 lub tsheb tiv thaiv, 676 tso tsheb hlau luam, 288 chav foob pob hluav taws thiab phom loj (muaj peev xwm ntau dua 100 hli), ntxiv rau 31 lub dav hlau dav hlau (feem ntau ntawm lawv yog Mi-24), ntau dua 160 lub dav hlau sib ntaus thiab txawm tias ib lub nkoj rog txawv tebchaws. Ib qho ntxiv, 747 lub foob pob thiab lub foob pob hluav taws raug muag. Tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm tag nrho cov riam phom no yog Soviet-ua.
Kev xa khoom tau xa mus rau Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kenya, Nigeria, Congo, Ethiopia, Sudan, Thaib thiab Iraq. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas cov cuab yeej siv tub rog tsim thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev ywj pheej tau xa mus rau Thaib thiab Iraq (peb tab tom tham txog Oplot thiab BTR-3 thiab BTR-4 tso tsheb hlau luam). Ib qho ntxiv, xyoo 2007, 100 lub dav hlau Kh-59 tau xa mus rau Russia.
Yog tias peb tham txog tsib xyoos dhau los, thaum lub sijhawm no, raws li tau sau tseg, qhov ntim ntawm kev xa khoom poob qis. Lub sijhawm no, 94 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, kwv yees li 200 lub tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog, kwv yees li ntawm kaum ob chav ntawm cov phom loj loj, 13 lub dav hlau dav hlau, 6 lub dav hlau thiab ib lub nkoj tua rog raug muag. Ib qho ntxiv, 63 lub foob pob thiab lub foob pob hluav taws raug muag.
Txij li thaum pib muaj kev sib cav sib ceg hauv Donbass, Ukraine txuas ntxiv muab cov cuab yeej siv tub rog mus rau txawv teb chaws, txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, lub tebchaws tau ua tiav nws lub luag haujlwm ua ntej ua tsov rog. Yog li, tshwj xeeb, hauv 2014-2015. 23 T-72 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab 12 D-30 howitzers tau muag rau Nigeria. Hauv xyoo 2016, Tebchaws Meskas tau txais ntau dua 100 lub tsheb tiv thaiv BRDM-2, 25 T64BV-1 tso tsheb hlau luam tau xa mus rau Congo, 34 BTR-3s rau Thaib teb, thiab 5 BTR-4 cov tub rog nqa khoom thauj mus rau Indonesia.
Ib qho ntxiv, Ukraine txawm xa tawm dav hlau thaum lub sijhawm no. Yog li, xyoo 2014, ib lub MiG-29 tau muag rau Chad, thiab 5 lub dav hlau MiG-21 rau Croatia. 6 Mi-8s tau xa mus rau Belarus nyob sib ze. Xyoo tom ntej, 5 Mi-24 helicopters raug xa mus rau South Sudan. Txij li lub sijhawm ntawd, raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Lub Xeev Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Pabcuam, Ukraine tsis tau muag aviation. Txhua qhov kev cog lus cog lus tau xaus txawm tias ua ntej pib muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tsis muaj kev pom zoo tshiab tau kos npe, thiab txhua yam khoom siv mus rau pab tub rog.
Kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam Ukrainian mus rau Russia
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Lub Xeev Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Pabcuam thiab Lub Tsev Haujlwm Stockholm. Yog li, tshwj xeeb, raws li SIPRI, xyoo 2014-2018. Ukraine pauv nrog Russia. Hauv xyoo 2016 ib leeg, kev xa tawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog Ukrainian mus rau Russia tau kwv yees kwv yees li ntawm $ 169 lab, uas yog ntau dua li thaum thawj tswj hwm ntawm V. Yanukovych. Sab Ukrainian tau koom nrog hauv kev muab AI-222 lub cav turbojet npaj rau Lavxias Yak-130 kev sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Ukroboronprom hais qhia tias daim ntawv cog lus tau kos npe rov qab rau xyoo 2006, thiab cov khoom siv tau raug tso tseg tom qab kev txwv tsis pub xa tawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog mus rau Russia, thiab sab Lavxias tuaj yeem tsim cov cav no ntawm nws tus kheej.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov cav, raws li lub koom haum, Ukraine tseem tau muab An-148-100E thiab An-140-100 lub dav hlau, tab sis cov khoom siv raug liam tias tau tso tseg hauv xyoo 2014, thiab tom qab ntawd Russia tau tsim lawv ywj pheej raws li daim ntawv tso cai muab los ntawm Antonov kev lag luam. Raws li Ukrainian sab, nws yog nyob ntawm kev pom zoo raws li txoj cai uas yog vim li cas SIPRI txiav txim siab lub dav hlau los ua ib feem ntawm Ukrainian xa tawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tau muab rau Russia, lub koom haum tseem teev npe cov nkoj nkoj roj turbine units DS-71, uas tau nruab nrog Lavxias cov nkoj loj ntawm txoj haujlwm 11356. Rau txoj haujlwm no, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Stockholm txiav txim siab hnub xa khoom ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuab tom qab tsim cov khoom no lossis cov cuab yeej thiab xa lawv mus rau pab tub rog Lavxias, thiab tsis yog lub sijhawm tam sim no ntawm kev muab cov khoom seem thiab cov khoom siv ib leeg. Yog li ntawd, raws li Ukroboronprom, kev xa khoom tau ua mus txog xyoo 2014, txawm hais tias lawv tau pom nyob hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm tom qab lub sijhawm.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev poob qis hauv Ukraine cov caj npab xa tawm
Ntau tus kws tshaj lij pom zoo tias Ukraine tau txo qis kev xa riam phom hauv kev txuas nrog kev ua tsov rog hauv Donbas. Txawm li cas los xij, ntxiv rau kev ua tsov rog, tseem muaj ntau yam ntxiv. Tom qab kev tawg ntawm Soviet Union, Ukraine tau txais cov khoom lag luam loj thiab cov cuab yeej siv tub rog. Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev ywj pheej, yuav luag tag nrho cov peev txheej no tau siv tas. Ukraine lub peev xwm xa tawm tseem siab ntau vim yog Soviet cov peev txheej. Ukraine muag T-80 thiab T-72 tso tsheb hlau luam tsis raug cai rau Africa, qhov uas tam sim no lawv tau nquag siv.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Ukraine tsis tsim ntau cov cuab yeej siv tub rog tshiab kom nyob twj ywm ntawm cov neeg muab riam phom loj tshaj plaws. Thiab yog tias xyoo 2013 Ukraine nyob hauv qhov chaw thib 8 hauv ntiaj teb qeb duas, tom qab ntawd xyoo 2018 nws twb nyob rau qib 12 lawm, tau txo qhov ntim ntawm kev xa tawm los yuav luag ib nrab.
Tsis ntseeg, qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev poob qis hauv kev xa tawm yog kev tsis sib haum xeeb nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Ukrainian kev tiv thaiv-kev ua haujlwm nyuaj yog muab rau nws tus kheej pab tub rog, thiab tag nrho lub peev xwm ntawm kev lag luam tub rog tau npaj los daws teeb meem sab hauv. Nws siv sijhawm ntau los txhim kho thiab tshawb nrhiav cov khoom seem thiab cov khoom siv los hloov cov neeg Lavxias.
Xyoo 2014, Ukraine txuas ntxiv ua tiav daim ntawv cog lus ua ntej ua tsov rog, tab sis tsis tau kos npe tshiab, vim tias yuav luag txhua yam khoom siv tshiab tau mus rau qhov xav tau ntawm pab tub rog Ukrainian. Ntxiv mus, kom txog rau thaum cov kev xav tau no txaus siab, kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam tsis muaj cai muag cov cuab yeej tawm txawv teb chaws.
Nws tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb uas txog thaum nyuam qhuav Russia tau koom tes nrog Ukraine. Kev xa tawm riam phom thiab khoom siv nres nrog qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv Donbass, thiab Ukraine poob feem ntau ntawm nws cov khoom xa tawm. Txhua txoj haujlwm sib koom hauv kev ua tub rog tseem raug tso tseg.
Lwm qhov laj thawj rau kev poob qis hauv kev xa tawm riam phom thiab khoom siv tub rog yog lub koob npe tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg siv khoom hauv Ukrainian, uas nws qhov kev cia siab tso tawm ntau yam uas xav tau. Tshwj xeeb, peb tab tom tham txog qhov hu ua "Iraqi contract". Sab Ukrainian tau cog lus tias yuav xa ntau dua 4 puas BTR-4 mus rau Iraq. Daim ntawv cog lus tau muaj nuj nqis ntawm $ 2.4 nphom. Tab sis ntawm 88 lub tsheb uas tau xa tuaj, tsuas yog 34 tus neeg nqa cov cuab yeej nqa khoom tuaj yeem pab tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, tau pom qhov tsis xws luag nyob hauv lub hulls ntawm cov tshuab thiab khoom siv. Txhua lub luag haujlwm rau kev rhuav tshem qhov kev pom zoo tau hloov mus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Yanukovych lub sijhawm, tab sis lub koob npe nrov ntawm kev ua tub rog-tub rog hauv tebchaws Ukraine tau ploj mus.
Lwm daim ntawv cog lus uas muaj teeb meem yog kev muab tso tsheb hlau luam rau Thaib teb. Txawm hais tias qhov kev cog lus tau kos npe rov qab rau xyoo 2001, nws tsuas yog ua tiav hauv 2018.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov kws tshuaj ntsuam, tsis yog txhua yam yog phem heev, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam hauv Ukraine muaj kev cia siab zoo. Yog li, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, yav tom ntej ntawm Ukrainian tub rog-kev ua haujlwm feem ntau nyob ntawm cov tub ua lag luam txawv teb chaws. Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Donbass, lawv txaus siab faib nyiaj rau kev tsim kho tshiab. Tshwj xeeb, peb tab tom tham txog Saudi Arabia, rau qhov nws cov nyiaj Grom-2 foob pob ua haujlwm-cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim tau tsim.
Txij li xyoo 2015, Kharkov Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Hluav Taws Xob tau tsim kho cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob siab uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag thiab xov tooj cua hluav taws xob.
Kuj tseem muaj daim ntawv cog lus tshiab-piv txwv li, kev xa khoom ntawm 120-mm lub thoob-coj lub foob pob hluav taws "Konus" rau Qaib Cov Txwv. Tim lyiv teb chaws, Saudi Arabia thiab Jordan yuav cov tub rog Ukrainian tiv thaiv lub tank foob pob hluav taws Korsar thiab Stugna.
Ib qho ntxiv, Cov tebchaws Esxias tau cog lus rau sab Ukrainian. Hauv cov tebchaws no, muaj cov khoom tsim los ntawm Soviet ntau heev. Yuav luag txhua yam nws xav tau kev hloov kho tshiab. Thiab qhov no xav tau cov neeg tsim qauv, uas tsuas muaj nyob hauv Russia thiab Ukraine.
Kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam hauv tebchaws Ukrainian npaj ua kom tiav kev tsim ib tsob ntoo rau kev tsim cov BTR-4 thiab cov phom tua tus kheej. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Spetstechnoexport tshaj tawm kev kos npe cog lus nrog 30 lub tebchaws, suav nrog Tuam Tshoj, Algeria, Is Nrias teb, Equatorial Guinea thiab Myanmar. Yeej, peb tab tom tham txog kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Soviet lub dav hlau thiab cov tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog, kev tiv thaiv huab cua.
Yog tias peb tham txog kev koom tes nrog European lub xeev, tom qab ntawd nws txoj kev faib khoom hauv Ukraine tsuas yog ob peb feem pua. Tshwj xeeb, Ukraine koom tes nrog Poland. Hauv xyoo 2016, 4 lub kaum os R-27 cov cuaj luaj tau xa mus rau ntawd. Cov cuaj luaj no tsuas muaj nyob hauv Ukraine thiab Russia. Sab Polish ntseeg tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws los ua haujlwm nrog kev lag luam tiv thaiv Ukrainian, yog li ntawd, ntau qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov mos txwv thiab cov cuab yeej radar tab tom ua.
Kev ua lag luam tub rog hauv tebchaws Ukraine kwv yees los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij kwv yees li $ 1-2 nphom. Kwv yees li ib nrab yog feem ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam ntiag tug uas tau npaj tsim khoom ntau dua, tab sis lawv raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua tsis ncaj ntawm tsoomfwv cov neeg ua haujlwm. Lub xeev tuav txoj cai tswj hwm kev xa riam phom, yog li cov tuam txhab lag luam tsis tuaj yeem ywj pheej, yam tsis muaj kev sib kho ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, saib rau kev muag khoom lag luam, sib tham thiab teeb tsa tus nqi.
Yog li, thaum xub thawj siab, muaj qee qhov kev cia siab rau kev txhim kho ntawm Ukrainian tub rog-kev ua haujlwm nyuaj. Tab sis lawv yuav tsis ua tiav yog tias kev noj nyiaj txiag tsis zoo txuas ntxiv hauv lub tebchaws.
