Qhov tsis hnov tsw "Poplar"

Qhov tsis hnov tsw "Poplar"
Qhov tsis hnov tsw "Poplar"

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Video: Qhov tsis hnov tsw
Video: kawm lus Askiv Lavxias teb sab 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Qhov tsis hnov tsw "Poplar"
Qhov tsis hnov tsw "Poplar"

Cov txheej txheem foob pob hluav taws nrog lub cim Topol-type intercontinental ballistic missile yuav yog Russia lub foob pob hluav taws kom txog thaum 2021

Qhov sib npaug me me ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv peb lub sijhawm yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm cov phiaj xwm riam phom nuclear ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab Russia. Cov no yog cov mos txwv ntawm ntau lub zog, uas tuaj yeem xa mus rau lub hom phiaj los ntawm huab cua, hiav txwv thiab nqa khoom hauv av. Cov tom kawg yog cov nyob ruaj khov (txhab) thiab mobile intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, cov no tsuas yog Trident-class silo ICBMs hauv kev pabcuam txij li xyoo 1970. Lub hauv paus thiab thoob plaws tebchaws Russia ICBM yog Topol lub foob pob.

Kev npaj sib ntaus ntawm cov cuaj luaj no raug tswj los ntawm kev hloov kho lawv nrog kev sim tom ntej uas tsis muaj cov cuab yeej sib ntaus. Ib qho ntxiv, kev tshaj tawm no qhia txog kev npaj ntawm cov khoom siv nuclear thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm lawv tus tswv kom siv cov riam phom no thaum tsim nyog. Nws yog lub hom phiaj no uas Tebchaws Meskas tau caum ob lub sijhawm (16 thiab 26 Lub Ob Hlis) kev sim ntawm Minuteman-3 ICBMs xyoo no. Tsis ntev ua ntej US Tus Tuav Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Robert Robert Ua Haujlwm zaum kawg tau hais tias "qhov no yog lub cim qhia tias peb tau npaj siv riam phom nuclear los tiv thaiv peb lub tebchaws, yog tias tsim nyog."

Lavxias arsenal ntawm av-based ICBMs, raws li qhib xovxwm, hnub no suav nrog ntau hom kev foob pob hluav taws nrog cov foob pob hluav taws. Ntawm lawv yog P-36M2 "Voyevoda" (SS-18 Dab Ntxwg Nyoog, "Dab Ntxwg Nyoog"), UR-100N UTTH (SS-19 Stiletto, "Stilet"), RT-2PM "Topol" (SS-25 Sickle, "Serp ") thiab RT-2PM2 Topol-M (SS-27 Sickle B), ntxiv rau PC-24 Yars nyuaj raws li tom kawg. Topol-M complex yog dab tsi, uas thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem yog tham hauv lub nroog?

Yuav tsim li cas

Lub Topol-M txawb hauv av raws cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm phiaj xwm (PGRK SN) yog kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm PGRK RT-2PM Topol, uas tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam xyoo 1988. Qhov tshiab tau dhau los ua qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim khoom loj thiab muab kev daws teeb meem rau kev muaj sia nyob ntawm pab pawg ntawm riam phom nuclear rau kev ua pauj.

Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm yog kev txav mus los siab thiab qib kev zais, muaj peev xwm tso cov cuaj luaj los ntawm thaj chaw npaj ua ntej ntawm txoj kev taug kev. Ua ke nrog qhov raug siab dua hauv kev sib piv nrog cov neeg ua ntej "Temp-2S" thiab "Pioneer", "Topol" tuaj yeem siv los daws txhua yam ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.

Lub khoos phis tawj thev naus laus zis Topol-M niaj hnub no (RT-2PM2) tau dhau los ua kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm nws cov kev sib piv thiab thawj zaug tsuas yog tsim tawm hauv tsev nyuaj. Thaum xub thawj, nws tau npaj los tsim cov chaw nyob ruaj ruaj (kuv li) thiab cov xov tooj ntawm tes nrog kev koom ua ke 15-65 thiab 15-55 ICBMs, feem. Hauv thawj qhov kev hloov pauv, cov cuaj luaj no yuav tsum muaj cov kua thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv lub cav ntawm theem kev sib ntaus. Ib qho ntxiv, lub thawv tso tawm rau silo ICBM yog hlau, thiab lub thawv txawb tau ua los ntawm fiberglass.

Tom qab Ukrainian Yuzhnoye tsim chaw lis haujlwm tsis kam koom nrog txoj kev txhim kho no hauv xyoo 1992, lub taub hau tsim tawm ntawm MIT rau lub taub hau ntawm ob lub foob pob hluav taws tsim ib zaug xwb-propellant propulsion system. Cov foob pob ntawm hom no yog thawj ICBM tsim hauv Russia tom qab kev tawg ntawm USSR.

Cov Topol-type complexes tau tsim los ntawm OJSC Votkinskiy Zavod thiab Central Design Bureau "Titan" nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1997 txog 1999.

Cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab kuv lub foob pob hluav taws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam hauv 1997 thiab 2000, feem, thiab xyoo 2006 lub xov tooj ntawm tes ntawm Topol-M txoj haujlwm kuj tau pom zoo rau kev saws. Hauv xyoo 2011, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg tau tso tseg kev yuav khoom nyuaj nrog rau kev xa tawm ntawm RS-24 Yars ICBMs nrog rau tus kheej-coj cov foob pob taub hau (MIRVs). Cov foob pob hluav taws tau dhau los ua qhov hloov pauv ntawm Topol ICBM.

Lub hom phiaj thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb

Lub foob pob Topol-M ICBM tau tsim los koom nrog cov phiaj xwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm thaj tsam li ntawm 11,000 kis lus mev. Thawj qhov kev tshaj tawm tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 20, 1994. Peb-theem ruaj khov ICBM nrog qhov pib hnyav ntawm 47.1 (47, 2) tons muaj peev xwm tsoo lub hom phiaj nrog monoblock nuclear lub taub hau hnyav 1.2 tons (lub zog 550 kt) nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis ntau tshaj 200 m. log log 16x16) ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes nrog qhov hnyav thiab nqa peev xwm ntawm 40 thiab 80 tons, feem, nrog lub zog cia txog li 500 km, nws tuaj yeem txav ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws. mus txog 45 km / h.

Duab
Duab

Kev sib ntaus sib tua kev tshaj tawm ntawm Topol-M foob pob hluav taws los ntawm Plesetsk cosmodrome. Yees duab: topwar.ru

Lub foob pob hluav taws lub peev xwm ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nce qhov hnyav pov tseg, txo qis qhov siab ntawm ntu ntu ntawm txoj hauv kev, thiab nce kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev kov yeej cov kev tiv thaiv foob pob. Theem thib peb nrog lub tshuab ramjet hypersonic atmospheric cav tau sim.

Lub taub hau ceev ceev monoblock tuaj yeem hloov pauv nrog kev txav txav lossis ntau lub taub hau (MIRV, koom ua ke nrog Bulava ICBM) nrog 3-6 tus tib neeg lub hom phiaj taub hau (IUs) nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 150 kt txhua. Xyoo 2005, lub foob pob Topol-M nrog lub taub hau txav txav tau sim, thiab xyoo 2007, Topol-M ICBM nrog MIRV. Qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm kev kov yeej Asmeskas cov kev tiv thaiv foob pob hluav taws niaj hnub no yog 60-65%, thiab yav tom ntej - ntau dua 80%. Lub sijhawm lav ntawm kuv li MBR 15Zh65 yog 15-20 xyoo.

Peculiarities

Lub foob pob Topol-M ICBM muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv. Cov no yog kev txav mus los siab (PGRK) thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kuv li kev xaiv. Kev nrawm ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws nrog lub cuaj luaj tso tawm yog 3-4 npaug siab dua li cov kua-ua kom muaj zog ICBMs, thiab tseem muaj kev txwv tsis pub muab kev nce nrawm thiab tawm ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam txaus ntshai tom qab tso tawm. Lub hom phiaj tsis tseeb, kev ya dav hlau siab thiab muaj peev xwm hloov pauv txoj kev ya dav hlau ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim siab ntawm kev kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv. Qhov no kuj tseem pab txhawb los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho, lub cev sib xyaw ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog heev thiab tsis muaj lub lattice aerodynamic stabilizers, uas txo qis qhov muaj peev xwm pom ICBMs los ntawm radars niaj hnub.

High-pass PU tuaj yeem tig rau hauv av vim tsis ua tiav dai thiab tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb siab hauv av, uas qis dua li lub tsheb thauj khoom.

Kev tiv thaiv siab rau qhov ua rau puas tsuaj ntawm kev tawg nuclear muab cov txheej txheem ntsuas. Qhov no yog txheej tshiab tiv thaiv rau sab nrauv ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws lub cev, lub hauv paus pib ntawm kev tswj hwm kev ua kom muaj zog ntxiv thiab ntseeg tau, tiv thaiv thiab tshwj xeeb cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tso lub on-board cable network ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws, tshwj xeeb programmed maneuver ntawm foob pob hluav taws thaum dhau los ntawm huab ntawm qhov tawg nuclear, thiab ntau dua.

Vim yog cov no thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas, Topol-M ICBM lub foob pob hluav taws hais txog kev npaj sib ntaus, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua tau zoo ntawm kev ntaus lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog kwv yees li 1.5 npaug siab dua qhov nyuaj ntawm cov tiam dhau los.

Xeev

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv kawg los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhib, raws li qhov kawg ntawm 2015, Russia muaj txog 100 PGRKs nrog Topol ICBMs, ntxiv rau txog 50 thiab 20 Topol-M mine thiab ICBMs txawb. Raws li tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Hom Phiaj Missile Force Sergei Karakaev, lub foob pob hluav taws nrog ICBMs ntawm Topol-M hom yuav ua haujlwm kom txog thaum 2021. Lub peev xwm no tau ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm qhov nyuaj, uas tau lees paub los ntawm kev sim rov ua dua tshiab.

Txog kev sib piv, raws li xyoo 2013, US Air Force muaj txog 450 LGM-30G Minuteman 3 ICBMs nrog 550 lub foob pob nuclear. Xyoo 2007, 150 xws li ICBMs tau ceeb toom ntawm Malmstrom airbases (Montana), lawv. Francis Warren (Wyoming) thiab Minot (North Dakota). Lawv tau hloov kho tas li los ntawm kev hloov lub taub hau, kev taw qhia thiab kev tswj hwm, thiab cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob. Nws tau kwv yees tias lub foob pob hluav taws no tseem yuav ua haujlwm nrog Asmeskas Tub Rog Tub Rog mus txog xyoo 2020.

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