Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Breech-Loader Flint Rifle

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Breech-Loader Flint Rifle
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Breech-Loader Flint Rifle

Video: Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Breech-Loader Flint Rifle

Video: Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Breech-Loader Flint Rifle
Video: xav tsho phom luab by tsom xyooj2020 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Riam phom xyoo 1812. Txhua qhov kev ua tsov rog yog ua kom nrawm dua ntawm kev nce qib. Yog li Napoleonic kev tsov kev rog ua rau cov txheej txheem no nrawm dua. Nws tau siv riam phom ntau, uas yuam kev tsim kho tshiab, thiab ntxiv rau, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhim kho riam phom nws tus kheej. Nws yog thaum ntawd thawj qhov sib sau ua ke ntawm Swiss tus kws siv phom Samuel Samuel Pauli tau tshwm sim, thiab nws kuj tau tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj rab phom rab phom ntawm 15 mm caliber rau nws, daim ntawv pov thawj uas nws tau txais thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 29, 1812. Ntawm qhov kev sim, nws tau qhia pom tus nqi ntawm 22 tua nyob rau hauv 2 feeb thiab ob zaug qhov ntau thiab qhov tseeb dua li rab phom tub rog. Qhov tshiab tau qhia tam sim rau Napoleon, uas tau txaus siab, txawm li cas los xij, kev qhia txog riam phom tshiab thiab nws qhov kev faib khoom tom ntej tau tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tso tseg ntawm huab tais, thiab nws tsis paub tias keeb kwm ntawm kev lag luam caj npab me me yuav txhim kho li cas. Pauldi nws tus kheej tuag hauv qhov tsis meej pem, thiab lub yeeb koob ntawm cov neeg tsim riam phom tshiab rau cov mos txwv tshiab hauv Europe mus rau Casimir Lefosha thiab Johann Dreise …

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Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim ntawm rab phom ntsaws ruaj ruaj, txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev siv daim cartridges, nws laus dua. Cov phom uas tseem muaj sia tshaj plaws yog rab phom ntsaws ntsaws ntawm King Henry VIII ntawm Askiv, hnub tim 1537. Ntxiv mus, tus huab tais, pom tseeb, nyiam cov riam phom no, txij li tom qab nws tuag muaj 139 cov phom zoo li no hauv nws lub tsev …

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Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1770, cais cov tub rog ntawm Austrian cov tub rog thiab tub rog tau txais breech-loading flintlocks tsim los ntawm Giuseppe Crespi, hauv Fab Kis xyoo 1778 lawv tau siv Vincennes phom loj, uas lub thoob tau txav mus rau pem hauv ntej. Xyoo 1776, thaum Asmeskas Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, Major Fergusson's crane gun tuaj rau hauv kev siv thiab pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov thib ob, tab sis qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim, yog rab phom ntsaws ruaj ruaj tsim los ntawm John Hancock Hall, tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm nws thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 21, 1811 thiab nkag mus ua haujlwm pab tub rog Asmeskas xyoo 1819.

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Ua ntej muab rab phom tshiab los ua haujlwm, Asmeskas Cov Kws Saib Xyuas Tub Rog tau tshuaj xyuas los ntawm kev yuam lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm 38 tus txiv neej tua hluav taws ntawm lub hom phiaj los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 yards (91 m) rau kaum feeb ntawm lawv li qub li qhov hluav taws kub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib piv tau ua nrog cov mos mos mos mos mos mos mos mos mos mos thiab rab phom phom "phom" uas yog thaum siv. Thiab ntawm no yog cov txiaj ntsig: "Hall" txhaj tshuaj raug tua - 1198; muzzle -loading du -bore muskets ntawm pab tub rog hom - 845, "phom muzzle -loading phom" - 494. Hits ntawm lub hom phiaj: "Hall" - 430 (36%); musket - 208 (25%); Cov phom phom -164 (33%). Yog li ntawd, cov uas lees paub, suav nrog hauv cov lus ntawm "VO", tias qhov tseeb ntawm cov phom flintlock tau siab, thiab kev tsim qauv tsis raug suav los ntawm "kev qhia ua haujlwm" yog yuam kev. Tsis muaj dab tsi zoo! Txawm li cas los xij, kev ntsuam xyuas tau pom tias hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, nws muab ntau dua li lwm qhov piv txwv!

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Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nws yooj yim dua rau thauj ob tus tub rog caij nkoj thiab, tseem ceeb tshaj, cov neeg caij nees! Peb yuav tsis rov hais dua qhov kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rub lub flintlock, nws twb tau muab rau hauv kab lus ntawm kab lus no. Cia peb ua tib zoo saib qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem no hauv rab phom Hall, cuam tshuam nrog nws tsim. Ntxiv mus, nws yuav tsum tau hais txog tias nws tuaj yeem ua tiav ob qho tib si sib tsoo thiab phom ntev, thiab nws qhov yooj yim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom hauv cov ntawv nrog rab phom phom.

Cov phom nyob rau hauv breech muaj lub tsev them nyiaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hlau bar, nrog lub roj teeb-hom flint xauv txuas rau nws rau saum. Hauv qab qhov ua ntej muaj tus qib, los ntawm kev nias lub tsev them nyiaj, thiab qhov tseeb ntsia liaj qhov rooj, tau raug tshem tawm ntawm lub thoob thiab nqa tawm. Nws tseem yuav tsum nqa daim cartridge tawm ntawm lub hnab, tom nws thiab nchuav cov hmoov av mus rau hauv chav (muaj yav tas los nchuav nws mus rau lub txee ntawm lub tsev fuabtais!). Tom qab ntawd lub mos txwv tau ntxig rau hauv chav, uas, hauv cov phom ntev, nkag rau hauv phom tsuas yog tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Thiab nws tau yooj yim heev. Tsis tas yuav tsum tsav nws mus rau hauv lub thoob, hloov pauv nws nrog lub tshuab cua tshuab thiab ramrod, thiab tus neeg caij tsheb yuav tsum tuav nws rab phom. Thiab tom qab ntawd … tus neeg tua phom muaj txhua yam ntawm txhais tes, thiab tus ramrod tsis xav tau hlo li. Tom qab ntawd tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj tau qis dua thiab koom nrog lub thoob nrog ob lub lugs. Tus txhais tau thim rov qab thiab koj tuaj yeem tua.

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Tau kawg, thev naus laus zis ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tseem tsis tuaj yeem muab qhov sib txuas ua ke ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, muaj qhov ua rau me me rov qab ua pa. Tab sis … txhua lub flintlocks twb tau muab ob qho tib si nyem thiab huab cua ntawm cov pa hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev fuabtais thaum raug rho tawm, yog li nce me ntsis hauv nws cov ntim tsis ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas rab phom ruaj khov. Thiab ntawm no tsis muaj lus hais txog qhov tsim. Nws muaj zog heev thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus tib yam li cov tub rog mus tua mos txwv! Qhov tsis zoo ntawm rab phom Hall thiab cov phom tuaj yeem suav tias tsuas yog siv cov phom ntau dua hauv cov cartridges, tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov roj cua thiab txo qis hauv lawv lub siab hauv lub thoob. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov muaj peev xwm nkag mus ntawm. 52 lub mos txwv loj rau rab phom Hall tsuas yog ib feem peb ntawm cov txheej txheem txheem, thiab qhov muzzle nrawm ntawm carbine yog 25% qis dua li ntawm cov pa roj carbon zoo ib yam, txawm li cas los xij lawv muaj tib lub thoob ntev thiab lawv siv tib yam 70-facet hmoov tsub nqi. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis haus luam yeeb lossis txo qis hauv lub zog nkag mus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg caij tsheb. Yog li ntawd, Hall carbines tau siv feem ntau hauv Asmeskas Dragoon cavalry.

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Ib qho yooj yim "qhov tseem ceeb" ntawm tus qauv tsim yog los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov ntsia hlau hla kev ruaj ntseg ntsia liaj qhov rooj hauv tus txais, nws muaj peev xwm tshem nws tawm ntawm rab phom. Txawm hais tias qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua los ntxuav thiab tseem tso cai rau ntsia liaj qhov rooj (uas suav nrog tag nrho cov txheej txheem tua hluav taws) kom ntim cov phom thiab cov mos txwv sib cais los ntawm rab phom thiab txawm siv ua rab yaj phom tab sis siv tau zoo. Thaum Tsov Rog Mev, Asmeskas cov tub rog tub rog tawm mus feem ntau tau ua los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej yog tias lawv raug kaw los ntawm cov neeg hauv zos npau taws thaum mus xyuas cantina.

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Nws tau yooj yim thauj cov riam phom no tsis yog nrog cov mos txwv pob (tsis tas yuav ntshai tias lub mos txwv zoo li yuav tawm ntawm rab phom), tab sis kuj nrog Minier nthuav cov mos txwv, kom lawv lub ntsej muag tsis cuam tshuam rau kev siv Hall cov phom txoj kev twg los xij.

Hall thawj cov phom loj muaj 32.5-nti (825 mm) chim nrog txoj cai phom ntev. Ntawm lub qhov ncauj, lub thoob tau nthuav dav mus rau qhov tob li 1.5 ntiv tes, tsim kev dag ntxias ntawm riam phom du. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho rab phom ntev yog 52.5 ntiv tes (1333 mm), tab sis tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 48 txog 60 ntiv (1, 200 - 1, 500 mm), thiab qhov hnyav yam tsis muaj xov tooj cua yog 10, 25 phaus (4 6 kg), ib. Cov phom tau tua 0.525-nti (13.3-mm) mos txwv hnyav 220 nplej (ib nrab-ounce) siv 100-pob nqi ntawm cov hmoov dub. Cov carbine tau luv dua thiab sib dua - 3.6 kg. Kev tua hluav taws zoo yog 800-1500 yards.

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Cov carbine tau tsim tawm txij li xyoo 1833 siv lub 23 '' du chim. Nws ntsuas 43 ntiv tes hauv qhov ntev tag nrho, hnyav 8 phaus, thiab yog thawj lub foob pob hluav taws uas tau siv los ntawm US Army. Xyoo tom ntej no, lub carbine ntawm 0, 69 (18-mm) caliber, tsim tawm xyoo 1836-1837, tau npaj rau cov tub rog caij nkoj.

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Xyoo 1843, Hall carbine, tseem hu ua M1843 thiab "txhim kho xyoo 1840", ntxiv qhov ntsia liaj qhov rooj tsim los ntawm Henry North ntawm sab. Qhov kev hloov kho tshiab no xav tau vim tias muaj kev tsis txaus siab los ntawm cov tub rog tias lub iav qis qis ntawm lub qhov rooj kaw mus rau hauv lawv nraub qaum thaum rab phom tau nqa ntawm txoj siv sia ntawm lawv lub xub pwg.11,000 Hall-North carbines nrog lub thoob txoj kab uas hla ntawm 21 ntiv tes thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm. 52 tau ua, tom qab uas tau tsim cov Hall carbines ntawm Harpers Ferry cov chaw tsim khoom tau txiav tawm xyoo 1844, tab sis nruab nrab ntawm 1843 thiab 1846 Simeon North kuj tsim 3,000 M1843 carbines.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Breech-Loader Flint Rifle
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Breech-Loader Flint Rifle
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Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntxim nyiam ntawm Hall's carbine rab phom mos txwv, qauv 1836, yog rab koob rab phom uas tshem tsis tau, uas tau txuas nrog hauv qab lub thoob hauv qhov chaw ntawm ramrod. Yog tias tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem rub tawm ntawm lub qhov (socket) thiab tsau. Tom qab ntawd, nws tsis muaj txoj hauv kev qis dua hauv nws qhov ua tau zoo rau lub dav hlau peb sab uas tshem tau, ib txwm rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Zoo, txij li cov flintlock thiab cov primer tau nyob ntawm tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj los ntawm saum toj no, qhov pom ntawm Hall rab phom thiab carbines tau hloov me ntsis mus rau sab laug.

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Kev tsim cov riam phom zoo li no hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau loj heev. Tag nrho ntawm 23,500 rab phom Hall thiab carbines tau tsim tawm: 13684 carbines thiab 14,000 Hall - North M1843 carbines.

Qhov txaus siab, lawv kuj tseem siv tau thaum Asmeskas Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg. Nyob rau yav qab teb xeev, cov ntsia hlau feem ntau tau txiav txoj cai pem hauv ntej ntawm rauj rau hauv paus, thiab cov khoom lag luam tshiab thiab rauj tau txuas rau sab nraub qaum, tsoo lub raj hom ntawm lub thoob, uas tau dhuav rau.58 qhov muaj peev xwm.

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Cov Hall carbines no tau siv, piv txwv li, los ntawm General John C. Fremont's Western Army thaum pib ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Rov tsim kho dua los ntawm George Eastman lub tuam txhab, lawv kuj muaj cov chim chim rau.58 qhov muaj peev xwm, uas tau ua tiav txhawm rau siv tus qauv rab phom rab phom nrog Minier mos txwv thiab txawm tias niaj hnub kho qhov muag pom.

Feem ntau, Cov phom Hall tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj-loaders los ntawm kev yooj yim vuam cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj mus rau sab nraub qaum ntawm lub thoob.

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Zoo, ntau yam kev kawm tau kawm los ntawm kev paub siv rab phom Hall tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov tsim qauv tshiab ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsia liaj qhov rooj, tus tsim cov phom Sharpe (1848), Spencer carbine (1860) thiab lwm tus.

Pom zoo: