"Tus txiv neej daj", "rab phom uas kov yeej Sab Hnub Poob" - muaj kev hlub ntau npaum li cas hauv cov npe uas paub zoo, thiab qhov tseeb, tib yam riam phom - Oliver Winchester's carbine, uas dhau los ua kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm Tyler Henry rab phom, uas tsuas yog Nelson txoj kev tsim vaj ntxwv thiab ntxiv …
Lubricate ob Colts zoo
Winchester grease nws zoo
Thiab mus ntawm txoj kev, vim
Tau coj tus whim rau hauv koj lub taub hau.
Wb mus, ua li cas, muaj dab tsi.
Thiab nyob ntawd, txawm tias yog tus nees, txawm tias yog ko taw -
Kuv cog lus los ntawm cov ntshav coyote -
Peb yuav los rau qee yam.
("Tus txiv neej los ntawm Boulevard des Capucines", Julius Kim)
Riam phom thiab tuam txhab. Kuv xav tsis thoob li cas tus tub ceev xwm tus tub, zaum ntawm tus nees, ntawm lub gallop tswj kom tua Kamala ob zaug ua ke, tab sis tom qab ntawd tsis tua dua? Yog tias nws yog rab phom, hais, Trenter's rab phom, tom qab ntawd … nws tsis paub meej tias dab tsi tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev tua peb zaug ntxiv, thiab yog tias nws yog rab phom, tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo kom rov ua nws zoo li no. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau yuav yog cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia tias nyob hauv nws txhais tes yog Yakhauj lub carbine-rab phom rab phom thib ob, uas yog riam phom ntawm pab tub rog Askiv nyob hauv Is Nrias teb, qauv 1856. Nws tau siv rab phom me-ntse los yog tseem tawg cov mos txwv uas muaj nqi los ntawm mercury lossis lead azide. Qhov ntau ntawm rab phom no mus txog ob txhiab yoj (1828 m), thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws muaj ob lub thoob!
Ntau zaus qhov zoo dua
Ntawd yog, tib neeg twb nkag siab tias qhov nqi ntau dua hauv kev siv riam phom, muaj feem ntau tus neeg tua nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb, yog tias tsis yog los ntawm thawj qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, tab sis los ntawm qhov thib peb, txhawm rau txhawm rau lub hom phiaj.
Yog li ntawd, kev ua tiav ntawm rab phom ntawm Henry thiab Spencer hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog qhov kwv yees tau zoo. Dab tsi yog phem txog lawv? Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov txheej txheem thauj khoom nyuaj heev. Yog li thaum Oliver Winchester tso King's "Royal innovation" ntawm Henry rab phom, kev ua lag luam tau txais cov riam phom uas nws xav tau tiag tiag. Nov yog li cas Winchester tus qauv nrov ntawm 1866 phom tuaj txog. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau hais tias tus kws tshaj lij tua phom tuaj yeem tshem nws cov ntawv xov xwm hauv 15 vib nas this. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws qhov hluav taws kub tau txog 60 teev ib feeb twg.
Ntau lub tebchaws, suav nrog Tebchaws Ottoman thiab Fab Kis, tau ua haujlwm lossis tsis raug cai ntawm 1866 tus qauv, yog li rab phom no yuav tsum tawm tsam. Yog li, cov neeg Ottomans tau yuav 45,000 muskets thiab 5,000 carbines nyob rau xyoo 1870 thiab 1871 thiab siv lawv thaum lub sij hawm raug kaw ntawm Plevna (1877), vim qhov uas cov tub rog Lavxias tau raug kev txom nyem hnyav, suav nrog los ntawm kev siv Winchester phom, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, dhau los ua kev tshaj tawm zoo rau lawv. Lawv hais tias, yog tias lawv tau pab Turks tswj kom tsis txhob muaj tub rog Lavxias mus rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj, ces qhov no yog rab riam phom uas tsim nyog tiag tiag. Los ntawm txoj kev, ib qho zoo li Winchester carbine tau muab tso rau ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Don Cossacks hauv Novocherkassk, tab sis rau ntau qhov laj thawj nws tsis tuaj yeem tau txais daim duab ntawm nws.
Los ntawm "musket" mus rau carbine
Cov phom xyoo 1866 tau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov ntev -barreled version - "musket" thiab luv -barreled version - carbine. Ntawm 14,000 daim ntawv muskets ntawm 1866 tus qauv, 1,012 muaj lub taub hau ntawm lub thoob rau txhawm rau txhawm rau siv rab riam phom. Carbines, ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj bayonet nce.
Kuv yuav tsum hais tias Oliver Winchester ua txhua yam ua tau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau tshaj los ntawm rab phom no. Ua ntej, tus txais ntawm nws tau ua los ntawm tooj dag (uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li hu ua "tus txiv neej daj"), nws tau muab pov, thiab tom qab ntawd nqa mus rau qhov loj me uas xav tau los ntawm txhais tes. Thiab nws yog lub sijhawm ntawd pheej yig dua li ua tib yam los ntawm cov hlau, tsuas yog rau qhov no nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau yuav khoom siv tshuab.
Qhov thib ob, kev tsim qauv, tsim rau tib daim cartridge zoo li Henry rab phom, muaj tib lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj qhib los saum toj saud, tab sis Vaj Ntxwv lub qhov rooj tau muab tso rau ntawm "lub plhu" ntawm tus txais, tab sis kom ua rau nws qis dua, lawv tau ua nws tawm ntawm cov hlau, thiab tib lub sijhawm nrog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav hauv ib qho!
Cov cartridge zoo ib yam:.44 (11mm) rimfire, tus nqi ntawm 28 nplej ntawm cov hmoov dub thiab 200 nplej ntawm cov hmoov txhuas ntshiab poly (ib troy nplej hnyav 64.79891 mg).
Yog li, qhov sib txawv tag nrho yog nyob rau hauv qhov system thauj khoom los ntawm Huab tais lub qhov rooj thiab … yog li ntawd! Lub khw tuaj yeem haum los ntawm 13 txog 15 daim cartridges, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsuas yog qhov taw qhia zoo heev.
Kev ua lag luam yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws
Yog li rab phom Winchester tshiab yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem tshem tag nrho lwm cov qauv, thiab nws tau ua rau lawv. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tau ruaj khov, tsis nkag siab rau av thiab muaj qhov raug zoo ntawm qhov ze. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog vim qhov no uas cov tub rog Asmeskas tsis lees txais cov phom no rau kev pabcuam. Txawm hais tias tus nqi siab heev tseem ua lub luag haujlwm, txij li Asmeskas cov tub rog nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19 tau zaum ntawm qhov kev tshaib nqhis tiag.
Winchester, mus rau cov neeg siv khoom, nce lub zog ntawm daim cartridge - lub tes tsho tau ntev dua, thiab hmoov hmoov tau nce mus rau.44-20. Thiab tom qab ntawd, txawm tias muaj zog dua.44 daim npav, cim. 44-30 raug tso tawm (tus nqi ntawm 30 nplej ntawm rab phom, thiab mos txwv ntawm 220 nplej).
Nws yog qhov tseeb tias Winchester txoj kev lag luam ua tiav tau dhau los ua piv txwv tiag tiag rau Asmeskas cov kws ntaus phom. Thiab txhua tus, uas tsis yog tub nkeeg, tau pib luam nws "qib kaw". Ntxiv mus, yog tias lawv cov neeg tsim khoom tsis siv lub kaw lus no nws tus kheej, tom qab ntawd lawv tau ua lawv rab phom nyob hauv qab "Winchester" daim cartridge! Nov yog li cas cov phom ntawm Frank-Wesson, Allen, Bollard, Remington, Howard, Robinson, Borges, thiab tseem Forchand thiab Wideford tau tshwm sim.
Daim cartridge tshiab - riam phom tshiab
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1860, cov phom phom rau cov phom tau siv tsis tau zoo. Cov phom me me hauv nruab nrab tau dhau mus thoob plaws, thiab Winchester tam sim ntawd tau tshaj tawm cov lus dab neeg "Winchester" M1873 hauv qab lawv - "rab phom uas kov yeej Sab Hnub Poob." Sab nraud, qhov sib txawv yog tias tus neeg txais tooj dag ntawm nws tau hloov nrog cov hlau. Tus tshiab.44-40 (10.7mm) daim cartridge, uas tau ntev dua thiab muaj zog dua, kuj tseem yog qhov ua tiav tseem ceeb, txawm hais tias nws kuj tsis ua rau Asmeskas Cov Tub Rog Kev Pabcuam Hluav Taws Xob, vim lawv xav tias nws tsis muaj zog rau riam phom ua tub rog.
Winchester tau tshaj tawm rab phom tshiab hauv plaub qhov qauv: thawj yog tub rog, uas thaum kawg tau raug tsis lees paub los ntawm pab tub rog, M1873 "musket". Lub khw tuav 15 ncig, qhov ntev yog 110 cm, qhov hnyav yog 4300 g. Lub dav hlau xov tooj cua yog ib qho txheej txheem peb txheej ib leeg, lossis ib lub ntsej muag hniav.
Qhov thib ob yog carbine, uas tau hu ua "carbine, tus qauv 1873": nws hnyav dua - 3,380 g, tau luv dua, uas yog vim li cas nws cov ntawv xov xwm tuaj yeem tuav tsuas yog 11 puag ncig. Ib qho ntxiv, tau muab lub nplhaib khiav ntawm sab laug ntawm tus txais. Qhov kawg-kawg mus txog nruab nrab ntawm lub thoob.
Qhov kev xaiv thib peb yog "ncaws pob" (ncaws pob). Qhov hnyav 3 830 g. Khw rau 13 txoj kab.
Qhov thib plaub - tseem yog kis las, lub hom phiaj, muaj lub tog raj kheej octagonal, lub taub qab nrog rab yaj phom tuav thiab hloov pauv tus qauv ntawm qib, hnyav 4,175 g. Lub peev xwm ntawm magazine - 13 puag ncig.
Qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua yog qhov zoo heev: thaum tua ntawm 260 cov kauj ruam, txhua lub mos txwv ntawm ib phau ntawv xov xwm haum rau hauv lub voj voog nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 203 hli.
Vim li ntawd, Winchester tsis tau tswj hwm cov tub rog tias nws rab riam phom yog "yam koj xav tau." Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, kev ua lag luam rau pej xeem, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tau txhawb nqa ntau heev ntawm ob daim cartridge tshiab thiab riam phom tshiab, yog li xyoo 1878 Colt lub tuam txhab txawm tias tau tso tawm ib tus lej ntawm nws "Cov Ntawv" chambered rau.44-40. Qhov rab phom no tau hu ua "Frontier Six Shooter". Zoo, raws li kev yos hav zoov thiab riam phom tiv thaiv tus kheej, tus qauv Winchester no tau yuav ntau heev, thiab tau tsim kom txog thaum xyoo 1919.
Cov neeg nyiam dab tsi? Ntau haiv neeg
Feem ntau, Winchester xav tias kev ua lag luam zoo heev thiab paub yuav hloov kho nws li cas. Pom tias qhov txaus ntawm nws tus kheej "riam phom tuag" twb tau muag lawm, nws tau tso tawm qhov hnyav ntawm nws cov carbine rau lub hom phiaj tua thiab raws li "khoom plig rau zam". Lawv txawv tsuas yog hauv qhov muaj peev xwm xwb: lawv siv.38 thiab.32 daim cartridges, uas ua ke muab rau nws, suav hauv calibers, kab ntawm 12 tus qauv! Nws tau yooj yim heev rau cov neeg yuav khoom thiab, raws li, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws, cov chaw tsim khoom.
Tom qab ntawd, twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1876, lub carbine tau tso rau hauv lub chambered rau.45 caliber, uas yog, 11, 43 mm. Nws tuav 75 nplej ntawm rab phom thiab mos txwv hnyav 860 nplej. Qhov hnyav yog 3 690 g. Ntev - 116, 5 cm. Khw muag khoom muaj 12 ncig.
Qhov tsis pub lwm tus paub siv cov cartridges …
Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias nws yog rab phom ntawm 1873 tus qauv uas ua rau yeej ntawm General Custer qhov kev tshem tawm thiab kev tuag ntawm txhua tus neeg hauv xyoo 1876. Ntxiv mus, niaj hnub no peb paub tseeb tias cov Neeg Khab tau muaj riam phom zoo li no. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov mos txwv thiab cov casings los ntawm 41 hom riam phom tau pom ntawm qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua. Txawm tias 17 kis los ntawm Caster's "Remington-Sporting" carbine tau pom. Lawv tau ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas pob, thiab nws tau pom tias 600-700 tus neeg Isdias muaj phom. Ntawm cov no, 300-400 tus tub rog muaj phom phom "Henry" thiab "Winchester", uas tsis txhais tau tias yuav yog kev ua tsov rog. Txawm hais tias qee tus tub rog, thaj, tsuas muaj hneev thiab xub. Txoj cai tau txwv tsis pub muag cov riam phom zoo li no rau Isdias Asmesliskas, thiab kev rau txim rau kev ua txhaum nws hnyav heev. Tab sis … leej twg tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua raws txoj cai lij choj ntawm ciam teb nrog thaj chaw Khab?
Thiab cov lus nug tau tshwm sim tam sim ntawd - Cov neeg Khab nyob qhov twg thiaj muaj nyiaj ntau thiaj yuav ntau lub zog tsav thiab cov cartridges rau lawv, yog li qhov no tau dhau los ua qhov laj thawj rau kev swb ntawm 266 cov tub rog, uas yog cov cuab yeej zoo heev. Muaj tseeb, hauv 1991 zaj duab xis Leej Tub ntawm Hnub Qub Thaum Ntxov, txawm tias qhov tsis tseem ceeb tau qhia raws li qhov tseeb tias cov tub rog ua tub rog nrog tua ib leeg Springfield carbines yuav tsum xaiv lub casings los ntawm lawv cov phom nrog riam, thiab qhov no yog li ntawd tiag. Qhov tsis xws luag tau sau tseg. Thiab qhov no tseem cuam tshuam txog qhov hluav taws kub, thaum Isdias Asmesliskas (thiab kev khawb av ntawm qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua tau lees paub qhov no) cia li tso cov tub rog dawb nrog mos txwv los ntawm lawv cov Winchesters. Thiab, los ntawm txoj kev, hauv tib zaj yeeb yaj kiab lawv txawm muaj Henry rab phom nyob hauv lawv txhais tes!
Los ntawm txoj kev, lo lus nug "qhov twg" tseem qhib. Hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab "Lawv tuag ntawm lawv cov ntawv" lossis "Lawv tuag hauv khau looj plab" (1941 zaj duab xis), Nws yog Caster uas txwv tsis pub muag Winchesters rau Isdias Asmesliskas ntawm lub fort, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb. Liselotta Welskopf Heinrich hauv nws phau ntawv tshiab "Toki Ito" (Trilogy "Sons of the Big Dipper") qhia nws qhov kev xav ntawm qhov yuav tshwm sim li cas. Kuv cov ntawv ntawm yuav ua li cas Dakota Isdias Asmesliskas tau txais ntau rab phom tua hluav taws sai tau piav qhia hauv Txiv neej thiab Riam Phom. Txawm li cas los xij, yog ntau xyoo tsis muaj ib tus neeg tau kawm dab tsi kom paub meej txog qhov no, tom qab ntawd nws meej meej tias peb yuav tsis pom qhov tseeb txog qhov no ntxiv lawm.
Oliver Winchester tuag hauv xyoo 1880. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tuam txhab caj npab nws tsim txuas ntxiv mus thiab tsim ntau yam riam phom zoo dua. Tab sis peb yuav tham txog lawv hauv peb tsab xov xwm tom ntej.
