Kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Czechoslovakia. Hauv thawj xyoo tom qab ua tsov rog, Czechoslovak pab tub rog tau siv riam phom sib txawv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Czech, German thiab Soviet ntau lawm.
Cov tub rog muaj 7, 92 hli phom tshuab nruab nrog tiv thaiv dav hlau pom: German MG-34 thiab MG-42 thiab Czech ZB-26, ZB-30, ZB-53, raug ntes los ntawm cov neeg German thiab tseem nyob hauv cov chaw khaws khoom ntawm Zbrojovka Brno kev lag luam. Ib qho ntxiv, cov tub rog ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Soviet 7, 62-mm tshuab phom SG-43 ntawm lub tshuab Degtyarev, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws ntawm lub hom phiaj. 12, 7-mm DShK rab phom tshuab tau dhau los ua kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm pab tub rog txuas. Kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tawm tsam huab cua ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog tau muab los ntawm roj teeb ntawm German tau ntes 20-mm nrawm-phom phom loj: 2.0 cm Flak 28, 2.0 cm FlaK 30 thiab 2.0 cm Flak 38, ntxiv rau Soviet 37-hli tshuab phom 61 - Ua. Nws ntseeg tau zoo tias kev tiv thaiv ntawm Czechoslovak lub tshav dav hlau los ntawm qhov chaw siab txog kev foob pob thiab ua phem kom txog rau thaum ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1950 tau muab los ntawm plaub fab 20-mm mounts 2, 0 cm Flakvierling 38. Hauv kev tiv thaiv dav hlau dav hlau tub rog thiab cov tub rog tau tsim los rau npog cov khoom tseem ceeb, Soviet rab phom 85-mm tau txais nrog rau German 88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Cov phom tshuab ntawm 7, 92-mm thiab 20-mm tshuab rab phom tau xa mus rau cov chaw khaws khoom hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1950, thiab 88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tseem siv tau txog thaum ntxov xyoo 1960.
12.7 hli anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom mounts
Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1940s lig, hauv Czechoslovakia, uas tau tsim kev lag luam caj npab thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, lawv tau pib tsim lawv tus kheej cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav hlau. Tsis ntev tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev ua siab phem, cov kws tsim qauv ntawm Zbrojovka Brno lub tuam txhab, raws li kev txhim kho uas tau txais thaum lub sijhawm xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm German, tsim ZK.477 hnyav phom tshuab. Ua ke nrog kev sim ntawm ZK 477, 12.7 mm Vz.38 / 46 tshuab rab phom tau pib tsim, uas yog daim ntawv tso cai ntawm Soviet DShKM. Sab nrauv, lub tshuab rab phom niaj hnub sib txawv tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv sib txawv ntawm lub qhov ncauj nres, tus qauv tsim uas tau hloov pauv hauv DShK, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv qhov zoo nkauj ntawm lub npog npog, uas lub tshuab nruas raug tshem tawm - nws tau hloov los ntawm tus txais nrog ob txoj kev siv hluav taws xob. Lub tshuab fais fab tshiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv rab phom tshuab hauv ntxaib thiab plaub fab nce. Txij li qhov ua tau zoo ntawm ZK.477 tau siv sijhawm, thiab nws tsis muaj qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb tshaj li DShKM, ua haujlwm rau nws raug txwv.
Raws li koj paub, Czech cov tuam txhab tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev npaj Wehrmacht thiab SS cov tub rog nrog cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Tshwj xeeb, ib nrab-khiav Sd.kfz cov tub rog nqa khoom nqa tau tsim ntawm Czech cov chaw tsim khoom. 251 (paub zoo dua hauv peb lub tebchaws los ntawm lub npe khoom lag luam lub tuam txhab "Ganomag"). Hauv lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog, cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog no tau tsim hauv tebchaws Czechoslovakia raws li lub npe Tatra OT-810. Lub tsheb sib txawv los ntawm nws tus qauv German nrog lub tshuab cua txias cua tshuab cua txias tshiab tsim los ntawm Tatra lub tuam txhab, muaj lub npog npog npog tag thiab txhim kho lub cev.
Cov neeg nqa khoom tiv thaiv tub rog OT-810
Ntxiv nrog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog uas npaj rau thauj cov tub rog, cov kev hloov kho tshwj xeeb tau tsim: cov nqa khoom ntawm ntau yam riam phom thiab tsheb laij teb. Cov phom loj loj Vz.38 / 46 tau siv lub tshuab phom ntawm lub hauv caug tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau kev tawm tsam ib puag ncig, yog li tau txais kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tshuab-phom nws tus kheej.
BTR OT-64, nrog rab phom tshuab Vz. 38/46
Tom qab ntawd, lub tsheb ntawm lub hom phiaj zoo sib xws nrog lub turret 12, 7-mm tshuab rab phom tau tsim nyob rau ntawm lub chassis ntawm OT-64 lub log uas muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm nqa. Xyoo 1970-1980s, cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog nyob hauv pab tub rog ntawm Czechoslovakia tau siv los thauj cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Strela-2M MANPADS. Hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1990, cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov tub rog uas muaj phom turret hnyav tau siv ua ib feem ntawm Czech kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb nyob rau thaj tsam yav dhau los Yugoslavia.
Ib qho ntawm thawj tus qauv tau txais los ntawm Czechoslovak pab tub rog nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog yog 12.7 mm Vz.53 quad mount. ZPU muaj lub log txav mus los tau thiab hnyav 558 kg hauv qhov chaw tua. Plaub lub 12.7 mm chim tau tua txog 60 lub mos txwv ib pliag. Qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tua hluav taws tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj yog kwv yees li 1500 m. Hais txog qhov ntau thiab nce mus txog qhov siab, Czechoslovak Vz.53 qis dua li Soviet plaub npaug 14.5 mm ZPU-4. Tab sis Vz.53 tau hnyav dua thiab hnyav kwv yees li peb zaug tsawg dua hauv txoj haujlwm thauj. Nws tuaj yeem rub los ntawm txhua lub log tsheb GAZ-69, lossis nyob tom qab lub tsheb.
ZPU ntawm Czechoslovak ntau lawm Vz.53 hauv kev nthuav tawm ntawm Cuban tsev cia puav pheej, mob siab rau cov xwm txheej ntawm Playa Giron
Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1950, ZPU Vz.53 tau sim hauv USSR thiab tau qhab nia siab. Czechoslovak 12.7-mm quadruple unit tau nquag xa tawm hauv xyoo 1950s-1960s thiab koom nrog ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv nroog. Rau nws lub sijhawm, nws yog rab phom zoo uas muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev sib ntaus sib tua huab cua qis qis.
Cuban xam ntawm ZPU Vz.53
Hauv qhov kev tshem tawm qhov kev tsaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv Castro ntawm Playa Giron thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1961, Cuban ZPU Vz.53 cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tua thiab ua rau ntau lub Douglas A-26В Invader foob pob tawg. Czechoslovak tau siv plaub rab phom tshuab plaub npaug hauv Arab-Israeli kev tsov rog, thiab ntau tus ntawm lawv raug ntes los ntawm cov tub rog Israel.
Czechoslovak 12, 7-mm anti-aircraft gun Vz. 53, ib qho khoom pov thawj ntawm Israeli tsev cia puav pheej Batey ha-Osef
Hauv tebchaws Czechoslovak cov tub rog, plaub npaug plaub, 7-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom Vz.53 tau siv rau hauv kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm pab tub rog thiab tswj hwm qib kom txog rau thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1970, txog rau thaum Strela-2M MANPADS tau muab los.
30-mm anti-aircraft phom
Raws li koj paub, thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, Czech cov chaw tsim khoom tau tsim riam phom tiag rau pab tub rog German. Ib txhij nrog kev tsim khoom, Czechs tsim hom riam phom tshiab. Raws li kev ntxaib 30-mm kev teeb tsa 3.0 cm Flakzwilling MK 303 (Br), tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Kriegsmarine los ntawm Zbrojovka Brno cov kws tsim khoom, thaum ntxov xyoo 1950, tau tsim ob rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau phom M53, tseem hu ua rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 30 hli ZK.453 tuaj txog. Ua 1953g.
Towed 30-mm anti-aircraft gun ZK.453
Lub tshuab roj tsis siv neeg tau muab tus nqi hluav taws kub txog 500 rds / min rau txhua lub thoob. Tab sis txij li rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau siv los ntawm cov kab xev tawv rau 10 lub plhaub, qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag ntawm hluav taws tsis tshaj 100 rds / min. Cov mos txwv thauj khoom suav nrog cov cuab yeej-tho qhov hluav taws xob tracer thiab cov tawg tawg tawg tawg tawg loj heev. Cov cuab yeej siv phom-tho lub foob pob hluav taws hnyav 540 g nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 1,000 m / s ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m tuaj yeem nkag mus rau 55 mm hlau phom ua ke raws li ib txwm muaj. Lub foob pob tawg loj uas hnyav 450 g tawm ntawm lub thoob 2363 mm ntev nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 1,000 m / s. Kev tua ntau ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua yog mus txog 3000 m. Cov phom loj ib feem ntawm kev teeb tsa tau teeb tsa ntawm lub laub plaub lub log. Ntawm qhov chaw tua, nws tau dai rau ntawm lub tsho. Qhov hnyav hauv txoj haujlwm khaws cia yog 2100 kg, hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus 1750 kg. Suav - 5 tus neeg.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ZK.453 npog lub radar P-35
Towed phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ZK.453 tau txo qis rau roj teeb ntawm 6 phom, tab sis yog tias tsim nyog, lawv tuaj yeem siv tus kheej. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm ZK.453, zoo li Soviet ZU-23, nws muaj peev xwm txwv hauv qhov pom tsis zoo thiab hmo ntuj. Nws tsis cuam tshuam nrog lub kaw lus tswj hluav taws radar thiab tsis muaj lub hauv paus chaw qhia chaw ua ib feem ntawm lub roj teeb.
Sib piv ZK.453 nrog 23 hli ZU-23 Soviet-ua, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias kev teeb tsa Czechoslovak hnyav dua thiab muaj qhov sib ntaus sib tua tsawg dua ntawm cov hluav taws, tab sis thaj chaw tua hluav taws zoo yog kwv yees li 25% siab dua, thiab nws qhov projectile muaj ib qho kev puas tsuaj loj. ZK.453 30-mm ntxaib mounts tau siv hauv tub rog tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Cuba, Guinea thiab Nyab Laj. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws, lawv twb raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev pabcuam.
Kev sib tw rub tawm 30-hli ZK.453 kev teeb tsa muaj kev txav mus los tsawg thiab muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua tsawg ntawm cov hluav taws, uas tsis tso cai rau lawv siv rau kev tiv thaiv dav hlau npog ntawm kev thauj cov tsheb thauj mus los, cov phom loj thiab cov tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev tsis txaus no, Praga PLDvK VZ tus kheej-propelled phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau txais yuav xyoo 1959. 53/59, uas tau txais hauv cov tub rog lub npe tsis raug cai "Jesterka" - "Lizard". Lub log ZSU hnyav txog 10,300 kg muaj peev xwm hla tebchaws tau zoo thiab tuaj yeem ua raws txoj kev loj mus txog 65 km / h. Hauv khw hauv txoj kev loj 500 km. Crew ntawm 5 tus neeg.
ZSU PLDvK VZ. 53/59: kuv
Lub hauv paus rau ZSU yog Praga V3S peb-qag plaub-log tsav tsheb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ZSU tau txais lub tub rau khoom tshiab. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tau muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov phom me me thiab cov phom me me. Piv rau ZK.453, rab phom loj ntawm SPG tau hloov pauv. Txhawm rau nce kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov hluav taws, lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm 30-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau xa mus rau cov ntawv xov xwm uas muaj peev xwm ntawm 50 ncig.
Chav tsev phom loj ntawm ZSU PLDvK VZ. 53/59: kuv
Lub hom phiaj nrawm ntawm kev sib tw 30-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau nce vim yog siv hluav taws xob tsav. Phau ntawv qhia tau siv ua thaub qab. Nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav, muaj qhov ua tau ntawm lub plhaub ncig, cov lus qhia ntsug los ntawm -10 ° txog + 85 °. Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, nws muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws tau. Siv hluav taws zoo: 120-150 rds / min. Tus nqi hluav taws thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tseem nyob ntawm qib ZK.453 teeb tsa. Tag nrho cov mos txwv thauj khoom hauv 8 lub khw muag khoom yog 400 puag ncig. Nrog qhov hnyav ntawm ib phau ntawv xov xwm 84, 5 kg, hloov lawv rau ob tus neeg kis mob yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj uas xav tau kev siv dag zog lub cev.
Kev siv phom loj nrog kev pab tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus qhia, cov hlua thiab cov winch tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv av thiab siv nyob ruaj ruaj ntawm txoj haujlwm npaj. Qhov no nthuav dav lub peev xwm muaj peev xwm, thiab ua kom yooj yim rau camouflage lub roj teeb tiv thaiv dav hlau thaum ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv.
Vim yog qhov yooj yim, kev ntseeg tau thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab kev sib ntaus zoo ntawm ZSU PLDvK VZ. 53/59 tau nrov ntawm cov tub rog. Txog thaum ib nrab xyoo 1970, Czechoslovak tus kheej-propelled "Lizards" tau suav tias yog lub tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua niaj hnub no thiab, raws li lub npe M53 / 59, tau nrov nyob hauv ntiaj teb kev lag luam caj npab. Lawv cov neeg yuav khoom yog: Egypt, Iraq, Libya, Cuba, Yugoslavia thiab Zaire. Feem ntau ntawm M53 / 59 tau xa mus rau Yugoslavia. Raws li Western cov ntaub ntawv, los ntawm 1991, 789 ZSUs tau xa mus rau Yugoslav pab tub rog.
Cov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau M53 / 59 tau siv los ntawm ob tog kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua uas tau tshwm sim hauv thaj tsam yav dhau los Yugoslavia. Thaum pib, Serbian pab tub rog siv 30-mm SPAAG rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av. Vim tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm hluav taws thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws pib ntawm 30-hli zoo li uas tau hla los ntawm cov cib ntsa ntawm cov tsev, thiab muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv cov plag tsev thiab chav nyob, cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus hauv nroog.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau no tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv thaum muaj kev tawm tsam hauv Bosnia thiab Kosovo. Tom qab thawj cov tub rog sib tsoo, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv tua tau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws muaj zog rau cov tub rog yeeb ncuab: M53 / 59, tsis tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsej muag me me tua hluav taws, yooj yim cuam tshuam nrog cov tub rog thiab cov tsheb me me uas tsis tau tiv thaiv.
Hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1990, ZSU M53 / 59 tau txiav txim siab tsis muaj hnub qub, thiab cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tub rog sab hnub poob tsis coj lawv mus tiag thaum npaj phiaj xwm huab cua rau Serbia. Hauv kev tshem tawm qhov kev foob pob ntawm Serbia thiab Montenegro los ntawm NATO rog xyoo 1999, ZSU M53 / 59 tau koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv huab cua. Cov tub rog huab cua ntawm NATO lub tebchaws nquag siv hluav taws xob ua rog, ua rau nws nyuaj siv cov chaw radar. Tab sis M53 / 59 tsis muaj lub hauv paus tswj kev tswj hwm nrog radar nrhiav pom. Yog li ntawd, kev siv hluav taws xob ua tsov rog txhais tau hais tias tawm tsam lawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab kev npaj ua kom tau zoo tuaj yeem ua rau lub hom phiaj huab cua ya qis, ua rau pom qhov muag pom. Raws li nom tswv Serbian cov ntaub ntawv, 12 lub nkoj caij nkoj thiab ib lub drone raug tsoo los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm ZSU M53 / 59. Tib neeg lub dav hlau tua nyob rau lub Rau Hli 24, 1992 yog Croatian MiG-21.
Hauv tebchaws Czech, ZSU PLDvK VZ kawg. 53/59 tau tso tseg xyoo 2003. Tseem muaj kwv yees li 40 SPGs hauv kev khaws cia hauv Slovakia. Tsis tas li, lub log ZSU tau muaj txoj sia nyob hauv kev ua tub rog ntawm Bosnia thiab Herzegovina thiab hauv Serbia. Hauv Yugoslavia thiab Czechoslovakia thaum xyoo 1980s, tau npaj siab los tsim lub dav hlau tiv thaiv huab cua luv luv raws li kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv tus kheej lub phom, nruab nrog cuaj luaj nrog lub taub hau cua sov: K-13, R-60 thiab R-73.
Txhawm rau nce kev ya dav hlau ntawm cov cuaj luaj ntawm kev tshaj tawm, lawv yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej ua kom muaj zog nrawm ntxiv. Tom qab kev sim, kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tsim kho tus kheej lub zog tiv thaiv lub dav hlau foob pob hluav taws hauv Czechoslovakia tau tso tseg. Hauv Yugoslavia, 12 lub tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua tau tsim nrog PL-4M cuaj luaj-hloov kho R-73E lub dav hlau mus rau huab cua. Cov cav los ntawm dav hlau NAR S-24 tau siv los ua theem siab ntxiv. Raws li txoj cai, PL-4M txoj kev tiv thaiv lub foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem tsoo lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb ntawm 5 km, thiab qhov siab nce mus txog 3 km. Xyoo 1999, plaub PL-4Ms tau pib thaum hmo ntuj tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj tiag tiag nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Belgrade. Seb nws puas tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov ntaus tsis paub. Ib lub foob pob hluav taws tau nyob ntawm thaj chaw Kosovo, qhov uas ob lub dav hlau A-10 Thunderbolt II raug tua los ntawm nws thaum nruab hnub nruab hnub. Cov kws tsav dav hlau ntawm Asmeskas lub dav hlau tau pom lub sijhawm tsim lub foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv kab mob thiab zam kev swb los ntawm kev siv cua sov.
Log ZSU PLDvK VZ. 53/59 tau zoo haum rau kev thauj cov tsheb thauj mus los thiab tiv thaiv dav hlau npog rau cov khoom nyob tom qab. Tab sis vim muaj cov cuab yeej tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo, lawv tsis tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo ib yam nrog tso tsheb hlau luam. Hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1980s, ZSU BVP-1 STROP-1 tau tsim hauv Czechoslovakia. Lub hauv paus rau nws yog BVP-1 taug qab cov tsheb tua rog, uas yog Czechoslovak version ntawm BMP-1. Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov tub rog, lub tsheb tau nruab nrog lub tshuab tshawb nrhiav pom pom thiab pom lub ntsej muag, lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob laser, thiab khoos phis tawj hluav taws xob.
ZSU BVP-1 SOJ-1
Thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas nyob rau xyoo 1984, thaum nruab hnub nrig, nws tuaj yeem kuaj pom MiG-21 tus neeg sib ntaus ntawm qhov deb ntawm 10-12 km thiab txiav txim siab qhov nrug rau nws nrog qhov raug siab. ZSU BVP-1 STROP-1 siv lub chaw tswj phom loj nyob deb ntawm PLDvK VZ. 53/59: kuv. Qhov qhib ntawm qhov hluav taws kub yog 4 km. Kev tua hluav taws zoo 2000m.
Yog li, cov neeg Czech tau sim hla cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab tshaj plaws nrog rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, uas taug lawv caj ces mus rau rab phom 30 hli siv los ntawm cov neeg German thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rov nco qab tias hauv USSR txij li xyoo 1965, ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" nrog lub radar nrhiav pom tau nkag mus rau pab tub rog, thiab xyoo 1982 Tunguska tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab foob pob hluav taws tau nkag mus rau hauv pab tub rog Soviet. Kev siv riam phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tua phom nrog lub thawv sab nraud los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab kwv yees tau zoo, BVP-1 STROP-I ZSU tsis tau saws.
Xyoo 1987, pib ua haujlwm ntawm STROP-II tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab foob pob hluav taws. Lub tsheb tau siv riam phom nrog lub Soviet ob-barreled 30-mm cannon 2A38 (siv hauv kev ua tub rog ntawm Tunguska thiab Pantsir-S1 tiv thaiv huab cua tiv thaiv kab mob) thiab cov cuaj luaj nrog Strela-2M TGS. Lub 7.62 hli PKT rab phom tshuab kuj tau ua khub nrog cov phom loj.
ZRAK ZOO-II
Lub hauv paus rau STROP-II lub tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua tiv thaiv kab mob yog lub tshuab ua kom lub log yooj yim hu ua Tatra 815 VP 31 29 nrog rau txheej txheej 8x8. Tib lub chassis tau siv los tsim 152mm VZ cov phom tua tus kheej. 77 Daws. Cov txheej txheem tswj hluav taws zoo ib yam li ntawm STROP-I ZSU. Ib qho ntxiv, kev xaiv cov Strela-2M cov foob pob hluav taws yog vim qhov tseeb tias MANPADS no tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tso cai hauv Czechoslovakia. Tab sis thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1980s, qhov nyuaj no nrog tus neeg nrhiav IR tsis paub qab hau tsis tau ntsib qhov xav tau rau lub tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua niaj hnub no. Hauv nws daim ntawv tam sim no, STROP-II txoj kev tiv thaiv huab cua tsis haum rau cov tub rog. Lub neej tom ntej ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Velvet Revolution thiab kev tawg ntawm kev ua tub rog-kev koom tes nrog Russia.
Tom qab kev sib nrauj los ntawm Czech koom pheej, Slovak version tau nthuav tawm - ZRPK BRAMS. Lub chassis thiab cov phom loj tseem zoo ib yam, tab sis cov txheej txheem tswj hluav taws thiab tswj cov cuab yeej tau tsim dua tshiab. Lub tsheb tsis muaj lub radar, nws yuav tsum siv lub tshuab optoelectronic txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav lub hom phiaj thiab kev taw qhia, suav nrog TV lub koob yees duab nrog cov kho qhov muag muaj zog, lub ntsuas cua sov thiab lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob laser - muab kev lees paub pom thiab taug qab ntau ntawm huab cua lub hom phiaj rau cov riam phom siv. Ib qho ntxiv, es tsis txhob siv ob lub frankly outdated Strela-2M cuaj luaj, ob lub foob pob Igla-1 tau muab tso rau tom qab ntawm tus pej thuam, ntawm ob sab ntawm lub pob nrog cov lus qhia ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau ruaj khov, thaum tua, lub tshuab tau tsau nrog plaub qhov kev txhawb nqa hydraulic.
ZRPK NROG
ZRPK BRAMS muaj peev xwm tsoo lub hom phiaj nrog rab phom loj ntawm qhov deb txog li 4000 m, tiv thaiv cov dav hlau ya dav hlau -mus txog 5000 m. Ntsug lub hom phiaj ntawm cov riam phom: los ntawm -5 ° txog + 85 °. Lub tsheb hnyav 27,100 kg nrawm ntawm txoj kev loj mus rau 100 km / h. Kev caij nkoj hla 700 km. Crew ntawm 4 tus neeg.
Nyob rau xyoo 1990s-2000s, cov tub rog ntawm Slovakia, vim muaj kev txwv nyiaj txiag, tsis muaj peev xwm yuav kev yuav cov tshiab los tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv cov foob pob. Hauv qhov no, BRAMS lub dav hlau tiv thaiv huab cua tiv thaiv kab mob tau muab rau kev xa tawm nkaus xwb. Lub tsheb tau tshwm sim ntau zaus ntawm kev nthuav qhia caj npab, tab sis cov neeg yuav khoom tsis txaus siab. Tib lub sijhawm nrog Slovaks, cov Czechs sim ua lub neej tshiab rau hauv kev tiv thaiv dav hlau raws li Tatra 815 chassis. kom tau txais ib khub 35-hli Swiss-ua Oerlikon GDF-005 cov phom loj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem tsis vam meej dhau ntawm kev teeb tsa.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 57 hli
Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, nws tau pom tseeb tias rau kev tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom loj muaj qhov "nyuaj" ntau ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1500 m txog 3000. Ntawm no lub dav hlau tig mus tsis tau rau cov phom me me uas muaj zog tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, thiab rau cov phom ntawm hnyav anti-aircraft phom loj qhov siab no tau qis dhau. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem, zoo li yog ntuj tsim cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm qee qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab. Qhov kev txhawj xeeb ntawm German Rheinmetall AG tau tso tawm ib pawg me me ntawm 50-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 5-cm Flak 41. Tab sis, raws li lawv hais, rab phom "tsis mus", thaum ua haujlwm hauv pab tub rog, qhov tsis txaus loj tau tshwm sim. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov loj me me, lub hli 50 hli tsis muaj lub zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, txawm tias nyob rau hnub tshav ntuj, ua rau neeg dig muag dig muag. Kev thauj mus los hauv cov xwm txheej sib ntaus sib tua tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj thiab tsis yooj yim. Kab rov tav aiming mechanism tau dhau lawm tsis muaj zog thiab ua haujlwm qeeb. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1944, Czech tus kws tsim qauv ntawm Skoda tau ua lub luag haujlwm tsim lub 50-mm tsis siv neeg tiv thaiv dav hlau tshiab raws li rab phom loj ntawm 30-mm kev teeb tsa 3.0 cm Flakzwilling MK 303 (Br). Raws li TTZ tau hais tseg, rab phom tiv thaiv 50 -mm tshiab xav tias yuav tsum tau tua ntau txog 8000 m, thawj qhov nrawm ntawm qhov projectile - 1000 m / s, qhov loj ntawm qhov projectile - 2.5 kg. Tom qab ntawd, lub peev xwm ntawm rab phom no tau nce mus txog 55 mm, uas tau xav tias yuav ua rau kom nce ntxiv, nce mus txog thiab rhuav tshem lub zog ntawm qhov projectile.
Hauv lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog, ua haujlwm tsim cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tshiab txuas ntxiv, tab sis tam sim no nws tau tsim los rau 57 mm caliber. Xyoo 1950, ntau qhov qauv tau nthuav tawm rau kev sim, sib txawv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov tsheb nqaj hlau. Thawj qhov qauv ntawm rab phom, ntsuas R8, muaj lub platform nrog plaub lub txaj txaj thiab lub log uas tshem tau. R8 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau hnyav txog peb tons. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 57-mm tau siv los ntawm kab hlau. Qhov thib ob tsab ntawv R10, uas muaj cov phiaj xwm zoo sib xws, tau teeb tsa ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom tsim zoo li 40mm Bofors L / 60 phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, yog li nws hnyav ib tuj ntau dua. Tus qauv thib peb R12 kuj tau teeb tsa ntawm lub tsheb muaj ob lub log, tab sis lub plhaub tau pub los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm 40-puag ncig, uas ua rau nws hnyav ntau dua 550 kg piv rau R10. Tom qab qhov kev xeem, cov kev xav tau tso rau pem hauv ntej txhawm rau nce kab rov tav mus rau 13,500 metres, thiab lub qab nthab yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 5,500 meters. Tsis tas li, cov tub rog tau sau tseg qhov xav tau txhawm rau txhim kho kev ntseeg tau thiab ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib dhos cov phom, nrog rau txhawm rau ua kom lub hom phiaj nrawm dua. Cov peev txheej muaj sia nyob muaj peev xwm yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 2000 txhaj tshuaj. Lub hauv paus ntawm rab phom yuav tsum tau tshem tawm, thiab kev suav ntawm rab phom muaj daim npog npog uas tiv thaiv los ntawm cov mos txwv phom ntawm cov phom loj thiab rab phom. Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau nrog lub platform tsis pub dhau plaub tons.
Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 57-mm tau rub tawm, thiab tom qab qhov kev sim tub rog tsis tiav hauv xyoo 1954, cov lus nug tau tshwm sim txog kev txwv kev ua kom zoo ntxiv. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, qhov ua tau zoo 57-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom S-60 tau tsim ntau hauv USSR, thiab qhov kev cia siab rau Czechoslovak phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, uas tseem muaj qhov sib txawv tshwj xeeb uas tsis hloov pauv nrog Soviet 57- mm projectiles, tsis meej. Tab sis kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Czechoslovakia, tom qab tshem qhov tseem ceeb tsis xws luag, txhawm rau txhawb nws tus kheej kev lag luam caj npab xyoo 1956, tau pib tsim cov phom R10, uas tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam raws li lub npe VZ.7S. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 57-hli tau nkag mus rau hauv 73rd cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau hauv Pilsen, thiab 253th thiab 254th tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm 82nd lub dav hlau tiv thaiv phom loj hauv Jaromir.
Rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 57-mm VZ.7S
Kev siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm tsis zoo vim yog tshem tawm cov hmoov av thiab ua rau luv luv ntawm lub thoob. Cov khoom noj tau muab los ntawm daim kab xev hlau. Rau kev taw qhia, tau siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob, siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Cov mos txwv thauj khoom suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj ib leeg nrog kev faib khoom tawg thiab cov cuab yeej siv phom. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov projectile yog 2.5 kg, qhov muzzle nrawm yog 1005 m / s. Tus nqi hluav taws - 180 rds / min. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom hauv qhov chaw tua yog kwv yees li 4200 kg. Suav - 6 tus neeg. Kev mus los ceev - mus txog 50 km / h.
Sib piv cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 57-mm ntawm Czechoslovak thiab Soviet kev tsim khoom, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias VZ.7S me ntsis dhau C-60 nyob rau thawj qhov nrawm ntawm qhov projectile, uas ua rau muaj kev sib tua ntev dua. Ua tsaug rau txoj siv txoj siv pub mis, Czechoslovak cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau nrawm dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Soviet S-60 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau ua kom ntseeg tau zoo dua thiab raug nqi tsawg dua. Txij thaum pib, S-60 roj teeb suav nrog rab phom lub hom phiaj chaw nres tsheb, uas ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua ntawm kev tua hluav taws. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsuas yog 219 VZ.7S rab phom tau sib sau ua ke ntawm ZVIL Pilsen kev lag luam, uas txog thaum ntxov xyoo 1990 tau siv ua ke nrog Soviet S-60.
Ib txhij nrog kev txhim kho ntawm rub-57-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom R10, nws tus kheej-propelled version tau tsim hauv Czechoslovakia. Lub tank T-34-85 tau siv ua lub chassis. Los ntawm 1953 txog 1955, ntau qhov kev hloov kho ntawm ZSU tau tsim. Tab sis thaum kawg, Czechs nyiam Soviet ntxaib ZSU-57-2 raws li lub tank T-54, uas tau ua haujlwm kom txog rau thaum ib nrab xyoo 1980s.
Cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau nruab nrab
Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1940s, Czechoslovakia muaj txog li ib thiab ib puas ib nrab ntawm cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau: 85-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau KS-12 qauv 1944 thiab 88-mm 8, 8-cm Flak 37 thiab 8, 8 cm Flak 41. Cov txheej txheem rab phom tshiab, uas tau txais lub npe R11 lub Hoobkas, muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws nrog cov phom German tiv thaiv dav hlau 8, 8 cm Flak 41. Cov phom nqa phom, tsim lub tog raj kheej, thim rov qab thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus tau coj los ntawm German phom. Txhawm rau nce kev sib ntaus ntawm cov hluav taws, khaws cov zaub mov, uas ua rau nws ua tau 25 rds / min. Ib qho kev txaus ntshai ntawm qhov hluav taws kub rau qhov ntsuas no tau ua ke nrog kev ua tau zoo ballistic. Nrog lub thoob ntev ntawm 5500 mm (55 calibers), qhov muzzle nrawm yog 1050 m / s. R11 rab phom tau zoo tshaj rau KS-19, uas muaj lub thoob ntev ntawm 60 calibers. Yog li rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 100 hli KS-19 tuaj yeem tua 15 lub foob pob ib feeb, nrog rau qhov pib ceev ntawm 900 m / s.
100-mm anti-aircraft rab phom R11
Txawm hais tias muaj qhov ua tau zoo hauv ntau qhov kev ntsuas hla ntawm Soviet rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau KS-19, nws tsis muaj peev xwm nqa tau Czechoslovak 100-mm anti-aircraft phom R11 mus rau ntau lawm. Thiab lub ntsiab lus tsis yog tsuas yog qhov ua piv txwv ntawm rab phom muab ntau qhov ua tsis tiav thaum sim thiab xav tau kev kho ntau. Muaj tseeb cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Skoda lub tuam txhab yuav tuaj yeem daws cov teeb meem kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem phom loj nruj raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau zoo. Tom qab tsim kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm hauv tebchaws Czechoslovakia, vim yog kev faib nyiaj txiag thiab kev lag luam, kev coj noj coj ua tshiab hauv lub tebchaws tau txiav txim siab txiav cov phiaj xwm kev mob siab rau tsim ntau tus qauv ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv thiab cov phom loj, tsom mus rau riam phom hnyav. thiab cov khoom siv tsim los ntawm Soviet. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Czechoslovakia tau txais ntau lub kaum os 100-mm KS-19M2 cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, uas tau ua haujlwm kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1980s, tom qab ntawd lawv tau xa mus rau chaw khaws khoom.
100-mm anti-aircraft gun KS-19
Tsis zoo li 85-hli phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau xyoo 1944, uas tau muab cov ntaub ntawv tua tawm los ntawm PUAZO-4A dhau los, kev tswj hluav taws ntawm KS-19M2 tiv thaiv lub dav hlau roj teeb tau ua los ntawm GSP-100M system, tsim rau cov lus qhia nyob deb hauv azimuth thiab nce lub kaum ntawm yim lossis tsawg dua phom thiab tsis siv neeg lub tswv yim ntawm qhov tseem ceeb rau teeb tsa fuse raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov phiaj xwm tiv thaiv dav hlau. Lub hom phiaj ntawm rab phom tau ua tiav hauv nruab nrab, siv servo hydraulic tsav.
Ntxiv rau qhov tau hais txog 85-, 88- thiab 100-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Soviet thiab German kev tsim khoom, 130-hli KS-30 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau muab rau Czechoslovakia txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov dav hlau phom dav hlau npaj los tiv thaiv phiaj xwm cov khoom tseem ceeb nyob ruaj ruaj.
130-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau KS-30 hauv Leshany Tsev khaws puav pheej ze Prague
Nrog rau qhov hnyav hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm 23,500 kg, rab phom tau tua 33.4 kg nrog cov tawg tawg uas tawm ntawm lub thoob nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 970 m / s. Kev tua ntau ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua-mus txog 19500 m. Lub phom 130-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau muaj qhov xwm txheej sib cais, nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws mus txog 12 rds / min. Cov phom nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau raug coj los siv lub zog tsav, raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav hlau tua hluav taws. Lub sijhawm teb ntawm cov fuses nyob deb kuj tau teeb tsa cia. Cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm tau txiav txim siab siv SON-30 phom qhia chaw nres tsheb.
Piv rau KS-19 phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, tsim tawm hauv 10151 daim ntawv, 130-mm KS-30 tau tso tawm tsawg dua-738 phom. Czechoslovakia yog ib ntawm ob peb lub tebchaws (ntxiv rau USSR) qhov twg KS-30 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau siv. Tam sim no, tag nrho cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 130-mm tsis ua haujlwm. Ntau daim ntawv tau khaws cia hauv Czech tsev khaws puav pheej.
