Xyoo 1930, Tuam Tshoj thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau ua haujlwm zoo nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab tub rog. Lub teb chaws Yelemees tau koom nrog hauv kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm kev lag luam thiab pab tub rog hauv kev sib pauv rau kev muab cov khoom siv raw khoom suav. Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees xa tawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog thiab riam phom ua ntej xyoo 1937 mus rau Tuam Tshoj. Cov neeg German tau muab lub dav hlau dav hlau rau lub sijhawm ntawd, lub teeb tso tsheb PzKpfw I, cov phom loj thiab cov phom, cov caj npab me me thiab cov mos txwv. Lub teb chaws Yelemees kuj tau pab nrog kev tsim kho tshiab thiab hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv uas twb muaj lawm. Yog li, nrog kev txhawb nqa German, Hanyang cov khoom siv tau hloov kho tshiab, qhov twg tsim cov phom thiab tshuab phom tau ua tiav. Nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub nroog Changsha, cov neeg German tau tsim cov khoom siv phom loj, thiab hauv Nanjing, ib lub tuam txhab tsim khoom ntawm tsom iav thiab pom qhov muag. Txawm hais tias kev koom tes ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Tuam Tshoj raug txwv nyob rau xyoo 1937, txog rau thaum xyoo 1950s Suav cov tub rog feem ntau yog siv riam phom 7.92mm German ua. Kuj tseem muaj ntau lub phom loj German nyob hauv Suav teb.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1937, kev sib cav sib ceg tag nrho pib ntawm Nyij Pooj thiab Tuam Tshoj. Raws li thaum ntxov Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1937, tom qab cov tub rog Nyij Pooj tau ntes Nanjing, Suav pab tub rog poob feem ntau ntawm nws cov riam phom hnyav. Hauv qhov no, tus thawj coj ntawm Kuomintang haiv neeg tog, Chiang Kai-shek, raug yuam kom nrhiav kev txhawb nqa los ntawm USSR, Asmeskas, Great Britain, Netherlands thiab Fabkis. Kev ntshai txog kev nthuav dav Nyij Pooj hauv Asia ua rau tsoomfwv ntawm cov tebchaws no muab nyiaj qiv rau Tuam Tshoj rau kev xav tau tub rog thiab muab kev pab riam phom. Txog rau xyoo 1941, kev pab tub rog tseem ceeb tuaj ntawm USSR. Kwv yees li 5,000 tus pej xeem Soviet tuaj xyuas Suav teb: kws pab tswv yim tub rog, kws tsav dav hlau, kws kho mob thiab kws tshaj lij. Los ntawm 1937 txog 1941, USSR tau muab Kuomintang nrog 1,285 lub dav hlau, 1,600 daim phom loj, 82 lub teeb T-26 tso tsheb hlau luam, 14,000 lub teeb thiab phom tshuab hnyav, 1,850 lub tsheb thiab tsheb laij teb. Cov chaw ua kom huv thiab dav hlau sib sau ua ke tau tsim nyob rau Suav teb. Tom qab qhov kev tshem tawm kev ua tub rog-kev sib koom tes ntawm USSR thiab Kuomintang xyoo 1941, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau txiav txim siab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev muab Tuam Tshoj nrog cov cuab yeej, riam phom thiab cov kws tshaj lij.
Yog li, Suav cov tub rog nyob rau xyoo 1930s thiab thaum ntxov xyoo 1940s tau siv riam phom sib xyaw ua rog hauv Tebchaws Europe, Amelikas thiab USSR. Ib qho ntxiv, Suav pab tub rog tau siv cov cuab yeej tsim khoom Nyij Pooj thiab riam phom raug ntes hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tom qab kev swb ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Kwantung, Soviet cov lus txib tau muab rau Suav cov koomhaum tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom plig Nyij Pooj, uas tom qab tau siv tawm tsam Kuomintang thiab hauv Tsov Rog Kauslim.
Hauv av hauv av ntawm Tub Rog Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Suav Kev Tawm Tsam, muaj kev nplua nuj sau cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ua hauv Suav teb thiab lwm lub tebchaws. Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1930s, kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Kuomintang cov tub rog tau txhawb nqa nrog ntau lub kaum os 20-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom 2, 0 cm Flak 28 thiab 2, 0 cm FlaK 30. Raws li qee qhov lus ceeb toom, sib dhos ntawm 20 -mm phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 2, 0 cm FlaK 30 tau nqa tawm hauv Huang Xeev, ntawm kev lag luam nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Changsha City.
Lub 20-mm 2, 0 cm Flak 28 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm rab phom 20-mm thoob ntiaj teb, uas yog coj los ntawm caj ces los ntawm Becker tsis siv neeg rab phom, uas tau tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib. Tsis zoo li "Becker cannon", uas siv lub zog qis 20x70 mm mos txwv, rab phom tshuab 20-mm tshiab tau tsim rau lub zog loj dua ntawm 20 × 110 mm, nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 117 g ntawm qhov projectile-830 m / s. Qhov phom loj uas tsis muaj lub log mus yog 68 kg. Tus nqi hluav taws - 450 rds / min. Cov zaub mov tau nqa los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm rau 15 kab.
Hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm "Oerlikon" lub tuam txhab nws tau qhia tias qhov siab nce mus txog 3 km, hauv thaj tsam - 4,4 km. Qhov tua tau zoo yog kwv yees li ib nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, rau nruab nrab xyoo 1930s, thaum thawj 20-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tshwm sim hauv Suav teb, lawv ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau Nyij Pooj lub dav hlau tua rog ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab qis.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 20-mm 2.0 cm FlaK 30 tau tsim los ntawm Rheinmetall xyoo 1930. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov riam phom no suav nrog kev yooj yim ntawm kev tsim, muaj peev xwm tshem tawm sai sai thiab sib sau ua ke, thiab qhov hnyav me me. Lub tsev tsis siv neeg pom, nrog cov ntaub ntawv raug nkag mus, tso cai rau tua kom raug. Cov ntaub ntawv xav tau rau cov hlau lead ntsug thiab ib sab tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov pom thiab txiav txim siab qhov muag, tshwj tsis yog qhov ntau, uas tau ntsuas los ntawm lub tshuab tso suab ntau.
Thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los, rab phom tau muab tso rau ntawm ob lub log tsav thiab ruaj ntseg nrog ob tus ncej thiab tus pin txuas. Nws tsuas yog siv ob peb feeb los tshem tus pin, tom qab uas cov clamps tau xoob, thiab cov kab ke, nrog rau kev nqa phom tuaj yeem ua rau hauv av qis. Lub tsheb thauj khoom tau muab qhov ua tau ntawm cov hluav taws ncig nrog lub kaum sab xis siab tshaj plaws ntawm 90 °. Kev teeb tsa tau muaj cov cuab yeej thim rov qab thiab cov mos txwv muab los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm rau 20 lub foob pob. Tus nqi tua hluav taws 240 rds / min. Rau kev tua los ntawm 2, 0 cm FlaK 30, siv cov mos txwv 20 × 138 mm, nrog lub zog qhov ncauj ntau dua li qhov projectiles ntawm 20 × 110 mm, tsim rau phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm lub tuam txhab "Oerlikon" 2, 0 cm Flak 28. Cov phiaj xwm tawg tawg tawg uas hnyav 115 g sab laug chim ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 900 m / s. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov mos txwv thauj khoom suav nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv khauj khaum hluav taws xob thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej sib tsoo. Qhov hnyav tom ntej no hnyav 140 g thiab, ntawm qhov pib ceev ntawm 830 m / s, ntawm qhov deb ntawm 300 m, nws tau hlais 25 hli tej cuab yeej. Yog li, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 20-mm tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog ob lub dav hlau sib ntaus thiab lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam.
Xyoo 1935, Breda Meccanica Bresciana, raws li Fab Kis 13, 2-mm Hotchkiss Мle 1930 tshuab rab phom, tsim lub ntiaj teb 20-mm Cannone-Mitragliera da 20/65 modello 35 kev teeb tsa, tseem hu ua Breda Modèle 35, uas siv Long Solothurn cartridge - 20x138 mm. Cov mos txwv tib yam tau siv rau hauv German anti-aircraft phom loj: 2.0 cm FlaK 30, 2.0 cm Flak 38 thiab 2.0 cm Flakvierling 38.
Tsis ntev tom qab pib tsim khoom loj ntawm Breda M35, tsoomfwv Suav tau xaj ib pob 20 mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Italian-ua antiaircraft phom tau npaj los muab kev tiv thaiv huab cua rau cov chav ntawm 87th, 88th thiab 36th kev faib ntawm National Army. Hauv Suav teb, 20-mm "Breda" tau siv ua lub teeb phom tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Lub zog, zoo li hauv rab phom tshuab Fab Kis, los ntawm daim kab xev nruj rau 12 kab. Daim vis dis aus tau pub los ntawm sab laug, thiab raws li daim cartridges tau noj, nws dhau los ntawm tus txais thiab poob sab xis. Tus nqi hluav taws - 500 rds / min. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau kawm paub zoo tuaj yeem tsim kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws mus txog 150 rds / min. Kev teeb tsa qhov hnyav - li 340 kg. Ntsug taw qhia kaum: ntawm -10 ° txog + 80 °. Thaum cais lub log tsav, nws tuaj yeem tua hluav taws hauv 360 °.
Ntxiv rau German thiab Italian 20-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, pab tub rog Kuomintang muaj tus lej M1935 Madsen phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Me me-muaj peev xwm Danish rab phom chambered rau 20x120 mm cartridge, raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg, rov ua dua Madsen lub mos txwv tshuab rab phom ntawm rab phom caliber nrog rab phom luv luv thiab lub viav vias ntsia hlau. Lub qhov cua txias txias tau nruab nrog lub qhov ncauj nres. Cov zaub mov tau nqa los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm rau 15 lossis nruas cov ntawv rau 30 lub plhaub. 20-mm automatic cannon ntawm lub tshuab thoob ntiaj teb, nyob rau ib nrab ntawm 30s tau nrov nrog cov neeg yuav khoom txawv teb chaws thiab tau nthuav dav.
M1935 Madsen rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau muaj cov ntaub ntawv qis rau nws lub peev xwm, nws qhov hnyav tsuas yog 278 kg. Tus nqi hluav taws - 500 rds / min. Kev sib ntaus tua hluav taws - txog 120 txhaj tshuaj / min. Qhov tua tau zoo ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua tau nce mus txog 1500 m. Lub mos txwv thauj khoom suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj nrog rab phom-rab phom (154 g), cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej (146 g), cov khoom tawg (127 g). Lub foob pob ua ntxaij riam phom nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 730 m / s, ntawm qhov deb ntawm 300 m raws qhov ib txwm tuaj yeem nkag tau 27 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog.
Kev nthuav tawm ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Tub Rog ntawm Suav Kev Hloov Pauv kuj tseem muaj Japanese 20-mm universal mount Hom 98. Txij thaum pib los, riam phom no tau tsim los ua riam phom thoob ntiaj teb. Nws tau kwv yees tias 20-mm rab phom phom ceev yuav tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv rau pem hauv ntej ntawm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev foob pob thiab foob pob, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem tawm tsam lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Hom 98 automatics tau rov ua dua los ntawm Fab Kis 13, 2-mm Hotchkiss M1929 tshuab rab phom. Rau kev tua los ntawm Hom 98, tau siv 20 × 124 mm txhaj, uas tseem siv rau hauv Hom 97 tiv thaiv lub tank phom. Hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus, rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau dai ntawm peb qhov kev txhawb nqa. Yog tias tsim nyog, hluav taws tuaj yeem raug tua los ntawm lub log, tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tau poob. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tuaj yeem tua hauv 360 ° ntu, cov lus qhia ntsug: los ntawm -5 ° txog + 85 °. Qhov hnyav hauv qhov chaw tua - 373 kg. Tus nqi hluav taws - 300 rds / min. Kev sib ntaus tua hluav taws - txog 120 rds / min. Cov zaub mov tau muab los ntawm lub khw 20-nqi. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua yog 5.3 km. Qhov tua tau zoo yog kwv yees li ib nrab. Kev tsim ntawm Hom 98 me me-caliber anti-aircraft phom ntev los ntawm 1938 txog 1945. Kwv yees li 2,500 20-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau xa mus rau cov tub rog.
Feem ntau, rab phom tshuab 20-mm raug teeb tsa tom qab lub tsheb thauj khoom los tiv thaiv kev ya dav hlau thiab kev tawm tsam los ntawm pab pawg ua phem. Ib qho me me ntawm Hom 98 phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau raug ntes los ntawm cov neeg Suav. Cov tub rog Soviet tau xa peb lub kaum ntes 20-mm Nyij Pooj tau tsim phom tiv thaiv dav hlau rau cov tub rog ntawm Mao Zedong, uas nyob hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1940s tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Kuomintang. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 20-mm muaj rau Suav cov koom haum tsis tshua siv rau lawv lub hom phiaj. Feem ntau, lawv tau tua lub hom phiaj hauv av, txhawb nqa lawv tus kheej cov tub rog.
Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, lub nto moo tshaj plaws thiab loj heev Nyij Pooj tiv thaiv dav hlau rab phom yog 25-mm Type 96. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau no tau tsim xyoo 1936 raws li Mitrailleuse de 25 mm contre-aéroplanes phom ntawm Fabkis tuam txhab Hotchkiss. Qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws ntawm tus qauv Nyij Pooj thiab tus thawj yog cov cuab yeej ntawm German tuam txhab Rheinmetall nrog cov nplaim hluav taws. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau rub; hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus, lub log log tau sib cais.
Ib rab phom 25-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom hnyav 790 kg thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm los ntawm cov neeg coob ntawm 4 tus neeg. Rau zaub mov, cov ntawv xov xwm rau 15 lub plhaub tau siv. Tus nqi hluav taws ntawm rab phom tshuab rab phom ib leeg yog 220-250 rds / min. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm hluav taws: 100-120 puag ncig / min. Ntsug taw qhia kaum: ntawm -10 ° txog + 85 °. Kev tua hluav taws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog mus txog 3000 m. Qhov siab nce mus txog 2000 m. Cov hluav taws raug tua nrog 25-mm puag ncig nrog lub tes tsho ntev ntawm 163 mm. Cov mos txwv thauj khoom tuaj yeem suav nrog: cov foob pob tawg loj, cov khoom tawg tawg, cov cuab yeej tho qhov, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tawg. Ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 250 metres, lub foob pob ua phom tiv thaiv hnyav 260 g, nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 870 m / s, thooj 35-hli tej cuab yeej.
Ntxiv rau Hom 96 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntxaib thiab peb npaug kuj tau tsim hauv Nyij Pooj. Ib leeg-barreled thiab ua khub 25-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau siv feem ntau ntawm thaj av, thiab cov phom peb npaug tau raug teeb tsa ntawm cov nkoj thiab cov haujlwm nyob ruaj ruaj.
Qhov sib tw 25-mm chav nyob tau teeb tsa ntawm plaub lub log tsheb nrog lub log txav mus los. Nws qhov hnyav hauv kev sib ntaus yog 1110 kg. Suav - 7 tus neeg. Txhawm rau rub, lub tsheb thauj khoom uas muaj peev xwm nqa tau txog 1.5 tons tau siv ib leeg.
Ua ntej qhov kev lees paub ntawm Nyij Pooj, kwv yees li 33,000 25-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tsim, uas tau siv dav hauv kev ua phem. Tom qab kev swb ntawm Kwantung Army, ntawm cov khoom plig uas tau coj los ntawm Red Army yog kwv yees li 400 rab phom ib leeg thiab ob rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau hom 96, thiab cov mos txwv tseem ceeb. Feem ntau ntawm 25-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau nrog mos txwv tau muab pub rau cov suav Suav. Tom qab ntawd, cov kev teeb tsa no tau siv tawm tsam Chiang Kai-shekists thiab thaum muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm Kaus Lim Kauslim. Kev ntes cov neeg Nyij Pooj 25-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau siv nrog PLA txog thaum ntxov xyoo 1950, thaum lawv tau hloov los ntawm Soviet thiab Suav ua cov phom.
Tom qab Soviet Union tso tseg kev pab tub rog rau Kuomintang, kev xa khoom loj ntawm Asmeskas riam phom tau pib. Yog li, hauv kev khaws ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Nyij Pooj thiab Soviet tsim, muaj 40-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom Bofors L60. Cov riam phom no tau ploj mus hauv keeb kwm raws li ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tshaj plaws thiab loj heev ntawm kev tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab huab cua thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, thiab hauv ntau lub xeev nws tseem ua haujlwm. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, Kuomintang tau txais ntau dua 80 40-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau txog xyoo 1947.
Piv rau 20-25 hli rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ceev, Bofors L60 rab phom muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua thiab nce mus txog qhov siab. Kev faib ua feem ntawm 900-gram qhov projectile tawm ntawm lub thoob ntawm qhov nrawm dua 850 m / s. Tus nqi hluav taws yog li 120 teev / feeb. Mus txog qhov siab-mus txog 4000 m. Lub phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau teeb tsa ntawm plaub lub log uas rub lub tsheb. Ntawm qhov chaw tua, lub thav duab thav duab tau nqes mus rau hauv av kom ruaj khov dua. Thaum muaj kev xav tau sai, kev tua tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm lub log, yam tsis txhim kho kev txhawb nqa, tab sis nrog qhov raug tsawg dua. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus yog kwv yees li 2000 kg. Suav - 5 tus neeg.
Txawm hais tias pab tub rog Suav muaj rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau niaj hnub no thaum lub sijhawm ua rog nrog Nyij Pooj, lawv tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias Kuomintang hais kom siv phom tiv thaiv dav hlau sib cais thiab tsis tau teeb tsa lub network ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov lus rau huab cua. Ib qho ntxiv, kev npaj suav Suav suav tsis tau zoo. Cov thawj coj ntawm cov roj teeb tiv thaiv dav hlau feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov dav, qhov siab thiab nrawm ntawm kev ya dav hlau ntawm Nyij Pooj, thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau nrawm tau tua hluav taws tiv thaiv. Raws li txoj cai, txij xyoo 1937 txog 1945, cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau hauv Suav teb tau npog lub hauv paus chaw loj thiab lub hauv paus dav hlau, thiab cov tub rog tau tiv thaiv tsis tau los ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj Japanese. Ib feem, Suav tau txais kev cawm dim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tom qab Asmeskas nkag mus rau hauv kev ua tsov rog, feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog Nyij Pooj lub dav hlau tsis tau xa mus rau Tuam Tshoj.
Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, cov phom loj tshaj plaws ntawm Nyij Pooj yog lub 75-mm Type 88 cannon.
Hauv txoj haujlwm thauj, Hom 88 phom hnyav 2740 kg, hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus - 2442 kg. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau muaj hluav taws ncig, cov lus taw qhia ntsug: ntawm 0 ° txog + 85 °. Qhov siab tshaj plaws nce mus txog qhov siab yog 9 km, nyob rau hauv thaj tsam nrog cov dav hlau tua hluav taws - 12 km. Hom 88 raug tua nrog lub plhaub 75x497R. Ntxiv rau qhov tawg tawg tawg nrog lub fuse nyob deb thiab lub foob pob tawg tawg tawg tawg loj nrog lub fuse poob siab, cov mos txwv thauj khoom suav nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rab phom hnyav 6, 2 kg. Tom qab tawm ntawm lub thoob nrog qhov ntev ntawm 3212 mm nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 740 m / s, ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m thaum tsoo ntawm lub kaum sab xis, lub foob pob ua phom tiv thaiv tuaj yeem nkag tau 110 mm tuab cov cuab yeej. Txawm hais tias 75-mm Hom 88 rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau muaj peev xwm tua tau txog li 20 teev nyob rau ib feeb, qhov nyuaj dhau thiab tus nqi siab ntawm rab phom ua rau muaj kev thuam ntau. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xa rab phom los ntawm kev thauj mus rau txoj haujlwm sib ntaus thiab rov ua dua yog siv sijhawm ntau. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis yooj yim rau kev siv rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus yog ib lub hauv paus txheej txheem raws li kev txhawb nqa tsib nqaj, uas nws yuav tsum tau txav plaub lub txaj sib nrug thiab tshem tawm tsib lub jack. Kev tshem tawm ob lub log thauj kuj tseem siv sijhawm ntau thiab kev rau siab los ntawm cov neeg coob.
Keeb kwm ntawm 75 mm Nyij Pooj rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau nthuav tawm hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej tsis paub. Feem ntau yuav zoo, zoo li ntawm 25-mm Hom 96 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, 75-mm Hom 88 phom tau raug xa mus rau Suav cov koom pheej tom qab swb Nyij Pooj. Coob tus neeg Nyij Pooj 75-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau tsis tau siv rau PLA tau ntev, thiab twb nyob hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1950 lawv tau siv los ntawm 85 thiab 100-mm Soviet ua cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Ib sab ntawm 75-mm Japanese phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, Soviet 85-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm xyoo 1939 tus qauv raug muab tso rau ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom nthuav tawm. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov phaj piav qhia tsuas yog hais tias cov no yog 85 mm M1939 rab phom loj. Kev hloov kho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov phom thiab lawv cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg tsis tau qhia.
Ua ntej tsov rog hauv USSR, lawv tau tswj kom xa 2630 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. 1939 (52-K). Hauv tag nrho, ntau dua 14,000 85-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm ua rog. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv ntau cov ntsiab lus. Cov kev hloov pauv tau ua txhawm rau txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab nce cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus. Xyoo 1944, 85-mm anti-aircraft gun mod. 1944 (KS -1). Nws tau txais los ntawm kev siv lub foob pob 85-hli tshiab ntawm lub tsheb ntawm 85-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom dav hlau. Xyoo 1939 Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab yog txhawm rau txhim kho kev muaj sia nyob thiab txo tus nqi tsim khoom.
Rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 85-mm ntawm xyoo 1939 hnyav txog 4500 kg thiab tuaj yeem tua hluav taws ntawm lub dav hlau ya ntawm qhov siab ntawm 10 km thiab ntawm thaj tsam li 14000 m. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1939 txog 1945, kev lag luam ntawm USSR tau tsim ntau dua 14,000 85-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Cov riam phom no tau nquag siv tawm tsam Asmeskas cov dav hlau hauv Kaus Lim Qab Teb thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj Asia. Hauv Suav teb, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 85-mm tau siv txog thaum kawg xyoo 1980s.
Lwm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, uas muaj keeb kwm ntawm Soviet thiab tawm tsam Kaus Lim Kauslim thiab Nyab Laj, yog 37-hli tsis siv neeg phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm xyoo 1939 qauv (61-K). Qhov no 37-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom tshuab tau tsim los ntawm Swedish 40-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom Bofors.
Raws li daim ntawv hla tebchaws cov ntaub ntawv 37-hli anti-aircraft phom mod. Xyoo 1939, nws tuaj yeem tsoo lub hom phiaj huab cua ntawm thaj tsam li 4000 m thiab qhov siab ntawm 3000 m. Qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tua hluav taws kwv yees li ob zaug tsawg dua. Tus nqi hluav taws - 160 rds / min. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus yam tsis muaj ntaub thaiv npog yog 2100 kg. Suav - 7 tus neeg. Txog rau xyoo 1947, ntau dua 18,000 37-mm anti-aircraft Gun mod. Xyoo 1939 Tom qab tsim ntawm PRC, txog peb puas rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau txais los ntawm USSR xyoo 1949. Raws li qee qhov lus ceeb toom, ntxiv rau qhov 37-mm anti-aircraft Gun mod. Xyoo 1939 40-mm Bofors L60, tau txais los ntawm Soviet sab hauv Kev qiv-Lease thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, tau pauv mus. Qhov ntim ntawm kev xa phom ntawm Soviet cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau mus rau PRC tau nce ntau tom qab Suav pab dawb tau koom nrog hauv Tsov Rog Kauslim.
Hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej Tub Rog ntawm Suav Kev Tawm Tsam, peb 37-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau nthuav tawm rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Muaj kaum lub hnub qub liab pleev xim rau daim thaiv ntawm ib ntawm lawv. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov phaj piav qhia rau cov qauv no tsis hais dab tsi txog lub hnub qub txhais li cas. Nws yog qhov tsis tshua muaj neeg xav tias cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau tua kom tua ntau lub dav hlau yeeb ncuab. Feem ntau qhov no yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam huab cua, hauv qhov tsis txaus ntseeg uas rab phom tau koom nrog. Hauv xyoo 1950, kev tsim cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37 hli. Xyoo 1939 Cov ntxaib tau muab lub npe Hom 65. Suav ua 37-mm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau muab xa mus rau Nyab Laj qaum teb thiab tau siv los tiv thaiv Asmeskas kev tawm tsam huab cua. Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm 37-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau hauv PRC tau raug tshem tawm ntawm kev pabcuam.
Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, nws tau hloov pauv tias rau cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau hauv kev pabcuam nrog Pab Tub Rog Liab muaj qhov "nyuaj" ntau yam ntawm qhov siab: ntawm 1500 m txog 3000. Ntawm no lub dav hlau tig mus tsis tau rau qhov hluav taws kub ceev. phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm 25-37-mm caliber, thiab rau 76-85-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, qhov siab no qis dhau lawm. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem, nws zoo li tsim kom muaj rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau nrawm ntawm qee qhov nruab nrab. Hauv qhov no, kev txhim kho rab phom 57-mm tau pib, uas tau siv rau xyoo 1950 raws li S-60.
Phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 57-mm S-60 hnyav 4,800 kg hauv kev sib ntaus. Tus nqi hluav taws - 70 rds / min. Thawj qhov nrawm ntawm qhov projectile yog 1000 m / s. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov projectile - 2,8 kg. Mus txog qhov ntau - 6000 m, hauv qhov siab - 4000 m. Muab xam - 6-8 leej. Cov roj teeb ESP-57 teeb tsa kev taug qab lub hom phiaj tau npaj rau kev qhia hauv azimuth thiab nce lub roj teeb ntawm 57-mm S-60 rab phom, suav nrog yim lossis tsawg rab phom. Thaum tua, PUAZO-6-60 thiab SON-9 rab phom lub hom phiaj radar tau siv, thiab tom qab ntawd-RPK-1 Vaza radar ntsuas qhov ntsuas. Txhua rab phom tau nyob ntawm qhov deb tsis pub ntau tshaj 50 m los ntawm lub thawv tswj lub hauv paus.
Roj teeb tiv thaiv dav hlau Soviet, nruab nrog rab phom tshuab 57-hli, npog cov khoom ntawm thaj chaw ntawm DPRK thaum Tsov Rog Kauslim. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv kev sib ntaus, rab phom S-60 tau hloov kho tshiab, tom qab ntawd nws tau tsim ntau kom txog thaum xyoo 1957. Hauv tag nrho, 5700 rab phom tau xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom. Hauv Suav teb, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 57-mm los ntawm lub sijhawm xyoo 1950 tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tso cai raws li hom 57. Txawm li cas los xij, RPK-1 "Vaza" tsis tau muab rau Tuam Tshoj, thiab roj teeb ntawm 57-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. tau ua haujlwm nrog cov chaw qhia phom yav dhau los. Muab qhov tseeb tias Tuam Tshoj tsim nws tus kheej 57-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, nws tsis paub tias thawj Soviet S-60s tau nthuav tawm hauv tsev cia puav pheej, lossis puas yog lawv cov neeg Suav.
Qhov phom hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm lub dav hlau tso rau ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Tub Rog ntawm Suav Kev Hloov Pauv yog Hom 1959 100-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Thawj qhov kev hloov kho ntawm KS-19 nkag mus rau kev pabcuam xyoo 1948. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 100-mm ntawm 1947 tus qauv (KS-19) tau ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus tawm tsam huab cua lub hom phiaj uas tau nrawm txog 1200 km / h thiab ya ntawm qhov siab ntawm 15 km. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tau txuas nrog ib leeg los ntawm hluav taws xob cable. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau coj mus rau qhov kev cia siab los ntawm GSP-100 hydraulic lub zog tsav los ntawm PUAZO, tab sis kuj tseem muaj peev xwm ua tau ntawm phau ntawv qhia. Hauv rab phom KS-19, cov hauv qab no tau siv tshuab: txhim kho lub fuse, tso lub cartridge, kaw lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj, tua ib rab phom, qhib lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab tshem lub tes tsho. Kev siv hluav taws zoo 14-16 rds / min. Xyoo 1950, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib ntaus thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, lub foob pob hluav taws thiab lub zog tsav hluav taws xob tau hloov kho tshiab, tom qab ntawd rab phom tau txais lub npe KS-19M2. Txhawm rau tswj cov hluav taws ntawm lub roj teeb, SON-4 rab phom qhia radar tau siv, uas yog ob-qag rub lub van, ntawm lub ru tsev uas muaj lub kav hlau txais xov tig nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov duab parabolic ncig nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1, 8 m. Los ntawm 1948 txog 1955, 10151 KS-19 rab phom tau tsim, uas ua ntej tuaj txog ntawm lub tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua, lawv yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus lub hom phiaj huab cua siab.
Suav ua 100-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tua ntawm Asmeskas cov foob pob thaum tsov rog Nyab Laj. Hauv xyoo 1970s-1980s, ntau lub kaum qhov haujlwm ruaj khov tau tsim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm PRC, uas hom 1959 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tas li ceeb toom. raws ntug dej hiav txwv Taiwan Strait.
