Cov ntawv xov xwm zais cia ntawm tankers
Ib feem dhau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam nrog tsab ntawv zais cia ntawm Cov Ntawv Tshaj Tawm ntawm Armored Tsheb, uas tam sim no tau dhau los ua keeb kwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Cov tub rog tso tsheb hlau luam tau ib txwm nyob ua ntej ntawm Cov Tub Rog Soviet, thiab nws yog qhov zoo heev uas kev tshaj tawm kev lag luam hauv xyoo tom qab tsov rog tsuas yog tau txais koob meej. Hauv 50s, lub cev ntawm Tus Thawj Coj Loj ntawm Kev Tsim Tank ntawm Ministry of Transport Engineering tau teev tseg raws li tus tshaj tawm. Thiab 10 xyoo tom qab, phau ntawv xov xwm tau suav tias yog kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis thiab tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv kev pab los ntawm USSR Ministry of Defense Industry. Kom raug, tus tshaj tawm yog Leningrad VNIITransmash ntawm 12th Tus Thawj Coj Loj ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Lag Luam. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hau npog ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tsis tu ncua tau sau cov ntawv: "Moscow", thiab muaj cov lus piav qhia yooj yim rau qhov no: chaw ua haujlwm kho ntaub ntawv tau nyob hauv lub nroog ntawm ul. Gorky, 35. Txij li xyoo 1953, rau 20 xyoo, tus tsim lub tank nto moo, tus yeej ntawm peb qhov khoom plig Stalin Nikolai Alekseevich Kucherenko tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm.
Xyoo 1961, daim ntawv tshaj tawm tsis pub lwm tus paub nug cov neeg nyeem kom tau txais sijhawm raws sijhawm. Lub sijhawm ntawd, kev zoo siab ntawm kev nyeem cov ntawv xov xwm no raug nqi 180 rubles ib xyoos. "Cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog" tuaj rau cov neeg rau npe txhua ob lub hlis. Lawm, tsuas yog cov tib neeg uas muaj kev tshem tawm tsim nyog tau tso cai siv cov ntawv no. Qhov xwm txheej nrog kev ncig ntawm tsab ntawv yog qhov nthuav. Hauv lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm tshwm sim tsis tu ncua (los ntawm 100 txog 150 daim ntawv luam). Theem tsis pub leej twg paub ntawm "Vestnik" tau ua pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus lej ntawm daim ntawv theej raug muab txuas rau txhua phau ntawv xov xwm.
Qhov kawg ntawm 60s cov ntu hauv qab no ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tau kos: "Kev tsim kho. Kev sim. Kev Tshawb Fawb "," Cov cuab yeej ua rog. Khoom siv. Devices "," Technologies "," Materials "," From the history of armored tsheb "thiab" Txawv teb chaws cov cuab yeej siv tub rog thiab kev lag luam. " Tshooj kawg yog qhov txaus siab tshaj plaws.
Qhov tseeb yog tias tom qab tsov rog nees nkaum xyoo ntu no tau tshaj tawm tshwj xeeb cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nws tus kheej kev tshawb fawb los ntawm VNIITransmash, VNII Steel thiab chav tub rog No. 68054. Cov khoom tom kawg yog tam sim no yog 38th Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Kev Hloov Pauv, Red Banner Institute lub npe hu ua Marshal of Armored Forces YN Fedorenko, lossis NIIBT "Polygon" hauv Kubinka. Cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau ua tiav, los ntawm cov tsev haujlwm no, kawm ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov qauv txawv teb chaws ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv uas tuaj rau hauv USSR hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Tshwj xeeb, lub teeb roj tank M-41, uas tau nkag mus hauv tebchaws los ntawm teb chaws Cuba, tau kawm paub ntxaws (nws yuav tham txog hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv qab no). Tab sis qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tsuas yog theoretical.
American armor hauv kev xav
"Cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog" xyoo 1958 (Tsis Muaj. 2) tshaj tawm tsab xov xwm nthuav tawm los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij-tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm A. A. Volkov thiab tus kws tshaj lij-tus thawj coj G. M. Kozlov txog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm American tank M-48. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rov nco qab tias lub tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog no tau siv rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas tsuas yog xyoo 1953, thiab ob peb xyoos tom qab nws tau "raug rho tawm" hauv Kubinka. Lub tank, los ntawm txoj kev, tseem tsis tau muaj sijhawm los tawm tsam kom raug. Cov kws sau ntawv tau zoo siab los ntawm ib thooj hull thiab lub turret ntawm lub tank, nrog rau cov cuab yeej ua kom muaj zog ntau dua piv rau cov ua ntej M-46 thiab M-47. Vim yog qhov sib txawv loj ntawm cov tuab tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, ntawm ib sab, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom lub zog tiv thaiv tsis zoo, thiab, ntawm qhov tod tes, txhawm rau txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tank (piv nrog M-46). Raws li tus sau sau tseg, "Kev tsim cov hulls ruaj khov ntawm lub tank M-48 tau teeb tsa hauv Asmeskas los ntawm txoj hauv kev nrog txoj kev siv dav dav ntawm kev siv tshuab los ntawm kev hnyav thiab ua haujlwm hnyav xws li ntim cov hwj thiab casting. Qhov zoo ntawm cov castings yog tswj los ntawm qhov muaj zog betatron teeb tsa. Cov peev txheej tsim khoom ntawm Asmeskas kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb, muaj cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb, tso cai, tig mus, txhawm rau nce kev tsim khoom ntawm cov tuam txhab tso tsheb hlau luam."
Qhov no tso qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv dov thiab nias, thiab tseem txo qis kev siv cov cuab yeej hlau thiab cov hlau hluav taws xob ib chav tsim khoom. Tag nrho cov xwm txheej no, raws li cov kws tsim txuj ci, tseem ceeb heev nyob rau lub sijhawm ua rog, thaum nws yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev tsim khoom ntau. Nws tseem tham txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev teeb tsa xws li hauv USSR. Coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb ntawm kev lag luam Soviet thaum kawg ntawm 50s, tus kws sau ntawv thov kom tsis txhob pov lub cev tag nrho, tab sis kom txuas nws los ntawm cov khoom sib cais.
Tam sim no hais txog qhov tsis kam ntawm Asmeskas lub tank rau Soviet lub plhaub. Cov kws sau ntawv vam khom rau ob qho txuj ci kev txawj ntse cov ntaub ntawv thiab "Cov Txheej Txheem ntawm Stalin Academy ntawm Armored Force", uas qhia tias cov cuab yeej ntawm "Asmeskas" yog homogeneous ntawm qhov nyuaj. Nws tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm M-26 thiab M-46 tso tsheb hlau luam, uas tau tshuaj xyuas qhov tseeb hauv Kubinka. Thiab yog li, cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem nthuav tawm mus rau lub tank tshiab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, M-48 tau "tua" nrog 85-mm, 100-mm thiab 122-mm zoo li. Lub peev xwm 85 mm tau dhau los ua, raws li qhov xav tau, tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub thawb phom thiab M-48 turret. Tab sis 100-mm thiab 122-mm coped nrog lawv txoj haujlwm, thiab hauv thawj kis, qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog rab phom taub hau taub hau-tho qhov projectile. Ntxiv mus, ib nqe lus los ntawm kab lus:
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog 100-mm blunt-hau projectile thaum raug tua los ntawm rab phom nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 895 m / s, lossis tsis muaj 122-mm blunt-hau projectile los ntawm rab phom nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 781-800 m / s muab kev nkag mus rau sab saud sab saud ntawm M-48 hull. Txhawm rau nkag mus rau ib feem ntawm lub hull ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 0 ° nrog cov foob pob taub hau, qhov cuam tshuam nrawm ntawm 100-mm projectile yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 940 m / s, thiab 122-mm projectile yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 870 m / teev
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov kws sau ntawv sau ncaj qha hauv kab lus uas cov lus teb yog kwv yees.
Thiab yog tias koj tsoo lub tank nrog qhov projectile sib ntxiv? Ntawm no cov kws sau ntawv yuav tsum siv sijhawm ob xyoos tawm. Tsuas yog xyoo 1960 lawv tau tshaj tawm hauv Vestnik ib tsab xov xwm "Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov hneev npog ntawm American M-48 nruab nrab lub tank". Hauv qhov no, "foob pob" tau ua tiav nrog 85-mm thiab 76-mm cov phom uas tsis tig, nrog rau cov mines MK-10 thiab MK-11. Raws li kev suav theoretical ntawm Volkov thiab Kozlov, cov riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank nkag mus rau lub tank los ntawm txhua lub kaum ntse ntse thiab los ntawm txhua qhov. Tab sis nrog cov foob pob ntau ntxiv PG-2 thiab PG-82 (los ntawm RPG lub foob pob foob pob RPG), cov kws sau ntawv tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau sab xub ntiag ntawm lub tank. Hauv kev ncaj ncees, peb nco ntsoov tias los ntawm txhua qhov kev kwv yees M-48 tau ua tiav nrog cov foob pob tawg.
Teardown ntawm tus pej thuam
Yog tias tsab xov xwm no tau tshaj tawm tam sim no, thiab txawm tias yog cov ntawv tshaj tawm rau cov hluas, nws yuav raug hu ua "Yuav ua li cas txhawm rau tshem tus pej thuam tawm ntawm lub tank?" Tab sis xyoo 1968, Vestnik tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv nrog lub npe ntev "Kev Txheeb Xyuas Kev Sib Piv ntawm Kev Muaj Peev Xwm ntawm Kev Ua Phem Rau Lub Towers ntawm Qee Lub Txhab Nyiaj Txiag ntawm Lub Xeev peev hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Nuclear Blast Shock Wave". Tom qab ntawd tsis muaj leej twg xav ua kom nrov npe. Pom tseeb, cov kws sau (kws ua haujlwm OM M. Lazebnik, V. A. Lichkovakh thiab A. V. Trofimov) txiav txim siab ua tsis tiav ntawm lub tank turret yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tawm tsam nuclear, yog tias lub zog tawg tsis txaus tig lub tsheb. Thaum kawm, tsis muaj ib lub tank raug mob, thiab muaj qee leej ntawm lawv: Fab Kis AMX-30, Asmeskas M-47 thiab M-60, Swiss Pz-61, British Centurion thiab Chieftain, thiab German tsov txaij. Qhov tsis kam ntawm T-54 ntauwd tau raug coj los ua qhov pib, uas nws tawg ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm 50 tons. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv suav nrog tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig tus nqi no, lawv xav tias lub turret ntawm cov tso tsheb txawv teb chaws tseem yuav raug ripped tawm ntawm 50-tuj load.
Kev kwv yees kwv yees qhia pom tias "Asmeskas" nrog lawv sab loj thiab kev kwv yees ua ntej ntawm lub yees yuav muaj qhov phem tshaj plaws. M-47 thiab M-60 yuav tau txais 50 tons hauv lub pej thuam nrog rau qhov siab dhau ntawm lub hauv pliaj li ntawm 3, 7-3, 9 kg / cm2 thiab board - 2, 9-3, 0 kg / cm2… Qhov no yog qhov uas qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm cov peev txheej hauv xeev xaus. Rau qhov seem ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog, kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub turret tau siab dua li ntawm T-54 hauv tsev. Yog tias peb nthuav dav raws li kab lus nthuav tawm hauv kab lus, tom qab ntawd lub turret ntawm Tsov, Pz-61 thiab AMX-30 yuav raug cua tshuab los ntawm 60-tuj, lossis txawm tias 70-tuj cuam tshuam. Lawm, lub siab ntawm lub taub hau nrawm hauv qhov no yuav zoo ib yam li T-54. Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Askiv thiab Centurion qee qhov tsis muaj zog, tab sis tseem ruaj khov dua li lub tank Soviet.
Nws yog qhov ua tau zoo uas cov kev kwv yees kev kwv yees no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tawm tsam ntawm kev siv Soviet riam phom nuclear, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm nws lub peev xwm.
