Kab lus no, alas, yuav tsis muab cov lus teb tsis meej rau cov lus nug, tab sis yuav muab cov neeg nyeem hwm hwm ib qho kev xav sib xws txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tawg hauv qhov hu ua "sib zog" 305-mm siab-tawg thiab cov cuab yeej siv phom. fleet siv hauv Tsov Rog-Japanese Tsov Rog.
Thiab qhov nyuaj yog dab tsi?
Qhov teeb meem yog tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tawg hauv cov lus hais saum toj no, thiab cov peev txheej muaj rau pej xeem muab cov duab sib txawv heev. Piv txwv li, Internet paub zoo encyclopedia navweaps muab cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
AP "qauv qub" - 11.7 lbs. (5, 3 kg);
HE "tus qauv qub" - 27.3 lbs. (12.4 kg).
Yog tias peb nco txog M. A. Petrova "Txheeb xyuas cov phiaj xwm tseem ceeb thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub nkoj ua rog", tom qab ntawd peb yuav pom 3.5% B (11.6 kg) rau qhov tawg loj thiab 1.5% (4.98 kg) rau cov cuab yeej siv phom 305-mm. Raws li V. Polomoshnov, Cov riam phom hauv tebchaws Russia muaj cov ntsiab lus tawg ntawm 1.29% (4.29 kg), thiab cov foob pob tawg loj-1.8% (5.77 kg). Tab sis, raws li "infographics" txuas hauv qab no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tawg nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv Lavxias 331.7 kg projectile tsuas yog 1.3 kg!
Cov ntaub ntawv raug cai tsuas yog ntxiv kev xav. "Tus cwj pwm ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Naval rau Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb hauv Tsushima kev sib ntaus sib tua" (tom ntej no-"Tus Cwj Pwm") sau hnub tim Lub Ob Hlis 1, 1907 qhia tias qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom tawg hauv qhov siab 305-mm projectile, uas yog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm pab tub rog Pacific thib 2 tau nruab nrog, yog 14, 62 phaus, lossis kwv yees li 5.89 kg (Lavxias phaus yog 0.40951241 kg), uas sib npaug sib npaug rau feem pua ntawm cov tawg ntawm 1.8%.
Tab sis hauv cov ntawv ntawm daim ntawv no nws tus kheej, ib feem sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tawg tau qhia - 3.5%.
Zoo, koj xaj txhua qhov no kom nkag siab li cas?
Txog qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom tawg
Nyob zoo tus nyeem ntawv, tsis muaj kev ntseeg, paub tias txhua yam muaj cov yam ntxwv xws li ntom ntom, ntsuas hauv kilograms ib cubic meter lossis - hauv grams ib cubic centimeter (hauv kab lus no, kuv yuav qhia qhov ntom nqi hauv g / cubic cm). Thiab, tau kawg, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tawg hauv txhua qhov projectile tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm nws. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov projectile yog, qhov tseeb, hlau "cov ntaub ntawv" rau cov foob pob tawg, uas muaj qee qhov ntim tau muab rau ntim nws nrog cov khoom tawg. Yog li, yog tias peb siv ob lub foob pob zoo ib yam nrog cov fuses zoo ib yam, tab sis sau lawv nrog cov khoom tawg ntawm qhov sib txawv, tom qab ntawd ntim uas cov khoom tawg no yuav nyob yuav zoo ib yam, tab sis qhov sib tawg ntawm qhov sib txawv yog txawv.
Kuv coj kuv mus qhov twg?
Qhov yog tias tib lub plhaub Lavxias tuaj yeem nruab nrog cov khoom tawg sib txawv.
Yog li, piv txwv li, lub foob pob hnyav 305-mm tawg, uas peb tau tawm tsam hauv Tsov Rog-Nyij Pooj Tsov Rog, qee zaum hu ua lub plhaub ntawm "tus qauv qub", qee zaum-"arr. 1892 ", thiab qee zaum tsis yog txhua qhov, nws tau xub npaj los nruab nrog pyroxylin. Yog lawm, qhov tseeb, nws tau ua li ntawd. Tab sis hauv cov xwm txheej ntawd thaum tsis muaj pyroxylin txaus, lawv tau nruab nrog cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb - cov no yog cov mos txwv uas cov tub rog Pacific thib ob tau nruab nrog. Txawm li cas los xij, Kuv tau hla qhov taw qhia uas tom qab ntawd, tsis siv cov phiaj xwm ntawm hom no nrog pyroxylin (thiab, tej zaum, rab phom) puv tau rov qab ntim nrog trinitrotoluene (TNT). Qhov no zoo li tsis muaj laj thawj. Lub plhaub nws tus kheej yog nyob rau tsib feeb qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom siv hlau, thiab nws yog qhov tsis tsim nyog xa cov qub qub kom yaj. Tab sis kom muab nws ua kom tuag ntxiv los ntawm kev ua kom nws nrog cov khoom tawg ntau dua yog qhov raug heev.
Kev lees paub ncaj qha ntawm txhua qhov no muaj nyob hauv "Album ntawm cov phom ntawm cov tub rog loj", luam tawm los ntawm A. N. IM. I. xyoo 1934 (tom ntej no - "Album"). Cia peb xav txog qhov no siv qhov piv txwv ntawm lub foob pob loj 254-hli.
Yog li dab tsi nrog kaum-nti?
Raws li "Tus Cwj Pwm", cov khoom tawg uas kuv tau hais los saum no, 254-mm siab-foob pob foob pob ntawm Russo-Japanese War era tau ua tiav nrog 16, 39 phaus ntawm pyroxylin ntim rau hauv rooj plaub, thiab cov khoom tawg loj ua ke nrog rau rooj plaub yog 19.81 phaus. Lavxias phaus, raws li kuv tau tshaj tawm saum toj no, yog 0.40951241 kg, los ntawm qhov uas nws ua raws li qhov hnyav ntawm lub npog yog 1.4 kg, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm pyroxylin yog 6.712 kg.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li Album, qhov hnyav ntawm cov foob pob hauv qhov qub yog 8.3 kg. Kuv xav sau tseg tias xyoo 1907 lub nkoj tau txais lub plhaub tshiab ntawm ntau yam calibers, suav nrog 254 mm. Hauv qhov no, 254-mm projectile mod. Xyoo 1907, raws li Album, nws muaj tib pawg (225.2 kg), tab sis cov ntsiab lus tawg hauv nws mus txog 28.3 kg, yog li tsis muaj qhov tsis meej pem tuaj yeem pom ntawm no.
Hmoov tsis zoo, "Album" tsis muaj qhov qhia ncaj qha tias 254-mm projectile nrog qhov hnyav ntawm BB 8, 3 kg yog "dotsushima", tab sis dab tsi ntxiv nws tuaj yeem yog? Kuv tsis tuaj yeem pom cov pov thawj uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm "dotsushima" lub plhaub thiab lub plhaub tuaj txog. Xyoo 1907, muaj qee qhov zoo li qub. Raws li, nws yuav tsis yog qhov yuam kev xav tias "dotsushima" 254-mm projectile nrog nws 6, 712 kg ntawm cov foob pob tawg thiab 254-mm projectile nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 8, 3 kg qhia hauv Album yog tib qhov projectile, tab sis tau nruab ntau yam khoom tawg. Hauv thawj kis, nws yog pyroxylin, hauv qhov thib ob, TNT.
Peb txiav txim siab qhov ceev ntawm pyroxylin
"Vim li cas suav nws?" - Tus nyeem ntawv nyob zoo yuav nug.
Thiab tiag tiag, tsis yooj yim dua los nqa phau ntawv siv?
Alas, qhov teeb meem yog tias cov ntawv tshaj tawm sib txawv muab qhov sib txawv kiag li ntawm pyroxylin. Piv txwv, "Technical Encyclopedia 1927-1934." qhia qhov tseeb ntom ntawm pyroxylin hauv thaj tsam 1, 65-1, 71 g / cc. pom Tab sis ntawm no qhov ntom ntom ntawm pyroxylin thaiv hauv qee qhov kev tshaj tawm qhia tias qis dua - 1, 2-1, 4 g / cc. pom Tib yam saper.isnet.ru tshaj tawm tias qhov ntom ntawm pyroxylin nrog cov dej noo ntawm 20-30% yog 1, 3-1, 45 g / cu. cm.
Qhov tseeb nyob qhov twg?
Thaj, qhov teeb meem yog qhov ntom ntawm pyroxylin muab hauv phau ntawv siv yog … qhov ntom ntawm pyroxylin, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv, uas yog, cov khoom lag luam ntshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov mos txwv feem ntau siv pyroxylin, nws cov ntsiab lus ya raws tau nqa mus rau 25-30%. Yog li, yog tias qhov ntom ntawm qhuav pyroxylin yog 1.58-1.65 g / cc. (qhov feem ntau tau txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb), tom qab ntawd pyroxylin nrog cov ntsiab lus noo ntawm 25% yuav muaj qhov ntom ntom ntawm 1.38-1.42, thiab pyroxylin nrog cov dej noo ntawm 30% yuav muaj qhov ntom ntawm 1.34-1.38 g / cc.
Cia peb kuaj qhov kev xav no los ntawm kev suav 254-mm projectile. Txog TNT, kev sib tw khiav ceev hauv cov peev txheej tau qis dua: feem ntau yog 1.65 tau qhia, tab sis qee qhov (Rdutlovsky) 1.56 g / cc. Raws li, nws hloov tawm tias 8, 3 kg ntawm TNT yuav siv, ntawm qhov ntom ntom ntawm 1, 58-1, 65 g / cu. cm, ntim sib npaug rau 5030-5320 cubic meters. cm. Thiab qhov no yog tib lub ntim uas yav dhau los tau tuav los ntawm lub npog thiab pyroxylin hauv "dotsushima" teeb tsa ntawm qhov projectile.
Cov npog tau ua los ntawm tooj dag. Qhov ceev ntawm tooj dag yog kwv yees li 8, 8 g / cu. cm, feem 1, 4 kg lub npog yuav nyob txog 159 cubic meters. saib Kev faib tawm ntawm pyroxylin tseem tshuav, yog li, 4871-5161 cubic meters. cm. Coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias 6,712 kg ntawm pyroxylin tau muab tso rau hauv lawv, peb tau txais qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntawm qhov kawg ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 1, 3-1, 38 g / cubic cm, uas raws nraim qhov sib npaug ntawm qhuav pyroxylin suav los ntawm peb nrog qhov ntom ntom ntawm 1, 58, "diluted" rau cov dej noo ntawm 25%.
Yog li, rau kev suav ntxiv, peb coj tus nqi uas haum tshaj plaws rau cov peev txheej. Qhov ntom ntawm TNT yog 1.65 g / cc. cm, thiab ntom ntom pyroxylin ntub yog 1.38 g / cu. cm.
"Album" muab cov ntsiab lus tawg hauv qab no rau 305-mm "dotsushima" shells. Rau cov cuab yeej -tho ib qho nrog lub taub hau - 6 kg ntawm cov khoom tawg, rau cov cuab yeej -tho ib qho yam tsis muaj qhov taub - 5.3 kg ntawm cov khoom tawg thiab rau qhov tawg loj heev - 12.4 kg ntawm qhov tawg. Ua raws li TNT qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntus TNT, peb suav qhov ntim hauv qhov tawg hauv cov pob zeb no - nws hloov tawm tias 3 636, 3 212 thiab 7 515 cubic meters. saib raws li. Raws li kuv paub, hauv Tsov Rog-Japanese Tsov Rog, "tsis muaj lub hau" tau siv, feem, nws yuav tsum xav tias peb tau tawm tsam nrog "riam phom-tho" nrog "chav ntim khoom" muaj peev xwm ntawm 3,212 cubic meters. cm thiab av mines - nrog rau qhov ntim ntawm 7 515 cubic meters. cm.
Hmoov tsis zoo, Kuv tsis paub qhov ntim lossis qhov loj ntawm cov tooj dag uas tau siv los cais cov pyroxylin hauv 305mm qhov projectiles. Tab sis los ntawm "Kev Txheeb Ze" peb tuaj yeem suav tau tias qhov hnyav ntawm lub npog rau lub foob pob 254-hli siab yog 2.06 npaug ntau dua qhov hnyav ntawm lub npog rau lub foob pob 203-hli siab, thaum lub ntim nyob hauv qhov tawg yog 2.74x. Raws li, nws tuaj yeem kwv yees kwv yees tias npog npog tooj dag rau cov cuab yeej siv phom 305-mm projectile muaj qhov hnyav 0.67 kg, thiab rau qhov tawg loj-2.95 kg, thiab lawv nyob hauv ntim 77 thiab 238 cubic meters. cm (sib npaug tawm) feem.
Hauv qhov no, qhov sib faib ntawm, qhov tseeb, pyroxylin, tseem yog qhov ntim ntawm 3,135 thiab 7,278 cubic meters. cm, uas peb tau saws rau qhov ntom ntom ntawm pyroxylin 1, 38 g / cu. cm muab qhov hnyav ntawm qhov tawg:
4, 323 kg ntawm pyroxylin hauv rab phom-tho qhov projectile;
10, 042 kg ntawm pyroxylin hauv lub foob pob tawg loj.
Ntawd yog, coj mus rau hauv tus lej suav qhov yuam kev, peb yuav tsum tham txog 4.3 kg ntawm pyroxylin hauv cov cuab yeej siv phom thiab 10 kg hauv qhov tawg siab 305-mm zoo li.
Tab sis vim li cas thiaj li tsuas yog 6 kg ntawm rab phom "haum" rau hauv cov foob pob tawg loj?
Qhov tseeb, yuav luag txhua phau ntawv siv muab qhov ceev ntawm cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb ntawm qib pyroxylin, uas yog, tsis pub tsawg dua 1.56 g / cc. cm, los yog siab dua. Thiab muab tias lub npog tooj dag tsis xav tau rau cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb, nws hloov tawm tias ntau cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb yuav tsum suav nrog hauv qhov projectile tshaj li ntub pyroxylin?
Yog li, tab sis tsis yog li ntawd.
Qhov tshaj plaws yog tias feem ntau ntawm cov phau ntawv siv muab rau peb qhov ceev ntawm rab phom raws li cov khoom. Tab sis qhov teeb meem yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem sau tag nrho ntim ntawm qhov projectile nrog rab phom. Gunpowder feem ntau yog ua hauv cov granules. Thiab thaum cov granules no tau nchuav rau hauv ib lub nkoj twg, lawv tsuas yog ib feem ntawm nws lub ntim, thaum seem yog cua. Raws li kuv nkag siab, nws muaj peev xwm ntim cov hmoov av mus rau lub xeev monolithic, tab sis cov phom ntawd yuav hlawv, tsis tawg. Tab sis rau qhov tawg hauv qhov chaw raug kaw, nws xav tau huab cua ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, Kuv tsis yog kws tshuaj, thiab kuv yuav ua tsaug rau tus kws muaj peev xwm nyeem tau los piav qhia qhov teeb meem no.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov tsis hloov pauv kiag li - nrog rau "qhov tseeb" ntom, uas yog, qhov ntom ntawm "monolithic" hmoov, tseem muaj qhov hu ua "gravimetric" ntom ntawm cov hmoov - uas yog, qhov ntom ntom, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov chaw pub dawb ntawm nws cov granules. Thiab qhov ntom ntom rau rab phom no feem ntau tsis tshaj ib, lossis qis dua, uas tau piav qhia zoo los ntawm cov lus hauv qab no.
Ntxiv mus, raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, qhov gravimetric ntom ntawm cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb yog kwv yees li 0.8–0.9 g / cu. cm.
Yog li, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias qhov hnyav ntawm cov phom nyob hauv 305-mm high-explosive projectile yog, raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm "Kev Txheeb Ze", 14, 62 phaus lossis 5, 987 kg, thiab peb cov peev txheej suav nrog hauv cov khoom tawg ntawm qhov projectile no yog 7 515 cubic meters. cm, tom qab ntawd peb tau txais gravimetric ntom ntawm cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb sib npaug 0, 796 g / cu. cm, uas ua haujlwm ua ke nrog 0.8 g / cu. cm rau ib yam ntawm cov hmoov uas tsis haus luam yeeb tau qhia hauv lub rooj.
lus xaus
Hauv kev saib ntawm cov lus saum toj no, kuv ntseeg tias nws tuaj yeem hais tau ruaj ntseg tias Lavxias 305-mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom hnyav uas siv hauv Tsov Rog-Japanese Tsov Rog muaj 4.3 kg ntawm pyroxylin. Thiab qhov tawg loj - yog 10 kg ntawm pyroxylin, lossis 5, 99 kg ntawm cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb.
Lub Hwj Chim Hluav Taws Xob ntawm 2nd 2nd Pacific Squadron
Raws li koj paub, lub foob pob tawg rau 2TOE, vim qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm pyroxylin, tau nruab nrog cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb, thiab, feem ntau yuav, ntawm cov hauv paus pyroxylin.
Hmoov tsis zoo, nws nyuaj heev los sib piv cov khoom tawg sib xws hais txog lub zog ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig. Zoo, ntawm no yog, piv txwv li, Trauzl txoj hauv kev ua cov foob pob: raws li nws, kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhuav pyroxylin ntau dua li TNT. Li no, nws zoo li pyroxylin zoo dua li trinitrotoluene. Tab sis lub ntsiab lus yog tias qhuav pyroxylin ntawm qhov sib npaug sib xyaw nrog TNT tau sim, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias tsis qhuav, tab sis ntub pyroxylin tau siv hauv lub plhaub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau lub TNT yuav nkag mus rau qhov txwv ntawm qhov projectile ntau dua li ntub cov pyroxylin (qhov ntom ntom ntawm qhov qub yog siab dua, dua li, pyroxylin xav tau daim npog ntxiv).
Thiab yog tias koj saib piv txwv ntawm "dotsushima" 305-mm projectile, koj tau txais cov hauv qab no.
Ntawm qhov one tes, Kuv tau hla cov ntaub ntawv hais tias lub zog ntawm qhov tawg ntawm pyroxylin qhuav yog li 1, 17 npaug ntau dua li TNT.
Tab sis, ntawm qhov tod tes, "dotsushima" 305-mm projectile suav nrog 12.4 kg ntawm TNT, lossis 10 kg ntawm ntub pyroxylin. Piv txwv tias cov av noo 25%, peb tau txais 7.5 kg ntawm pyroxylin qhuav, uas yog 1.65 zaug tsawg dua 12.4 kg ntawm TNT. Nws hloov tawm tias raws li lub rooj, pyroxylin zoo li zoo dua, tab sis qhov tseeb, qhov projectile nruab nrog nws poob rau qhov projectile nrog TNT ntau npaum li 41%!
Thiab kuv tsis nkag mus rau hauv qhov sib txawv uas lub zog ntawm kev tawg ntawm pyroxylin yuav siv rau ntawm cov dej thiab cov cua sov ua kom sov, thiab TNT tsis tas yuav ua dab tsi ntawm qhov no …
Hmoov tsis zoo, kuv tsis muaj kev paub txhawm rau sib piv qhov tawg ntawm lub zog pyroxylin thiab cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb raws nws. Ntawm qhov nqa, Kuv tau hla kev xav tias cov zog no sib piv tau, txawm hais tias nws tsis paub meej tias cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb tau sib npaug nrog qhuav lossis ntub pyroxylin. Tab sis nyob rau ob qho xwm txheej, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub foob pob tawg loj 305-mm ntawm 2TOE tau muaj zog ntau dua li cov uas tau siv thawj pab tub rog Pacific thib 1.
Yog tias qhov kev kwv yees muaj tseeb tias cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb kwv yees sib haum rau qhuav pyroxylin, tom qab ntawd 2TOE cov foob pob tawg loj tau kwv yees li 1.25 zaug tsis muaj zog (5, 99 kg ntawm rab phom sib piv 7.5 kg qhuav pyroxylin).
Yog tias tsis muaj rab phom tua phom hais txog lub zog tawg yuav tsum sib npaug rau ntub pyroxylin, tom qab ntawd los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 1.67 (5, 99 kg ntawm rab phom sib piv rau 10 kg ntawm ntub pyroxylin).
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias ob nqe lus no yuav ua tsis raug.
Thiab nws muaj peev xwm hais tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov foob pob loj 305-hli zoo li ntawm 1 thiab 2 Pacific pawg tub rog tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb dua.
