Kev sib ntaus sib tua siv lub dav hlau tua rog hauv xyoo 1970-1990s

Kev sib ntaus sib tua siv lub dav hlau tua rog hauv xyoo 1970-1990s
Kev sib ntaus sib tua siv lub dav hlau tua rog hauv xyoo 1970-1990s

Video: Kev sib ntaus sib tua siv lub dav hlau tua rog hauv xyoo 1970-1990s

Video: Kev sib ntaus sib tua siv lub dav hlau tua rog hauv xyoo 1970-1990s
Video: Maiv Xis Xyooj Khaus Pim | Tub Siab Loj Xa Lus Rau Maiv Xis Xyooj 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Turboprop anti-guerrilla nres dav hlauXyoo 1970 thiab 1990s, cov neeg Asmeskas tau muab lawv cov phoojywg nrog rau OV-10 Bronco thiab A-37 Dragonfly anti-guerrilla nres dav hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua lub tebchaws uas muaj teeb meem nrog txhua hom kev tawm tsam thiab kev tsim riam phom ntawm cov tshuaj mafia tuaj yeem tau txais tshwj xeeb cov dav hlau tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam rau kev ua nom ua tswv thiab nyiaj txiag. Hauv qhov no, kev tawm tsam dav hlau dhau los lossis hloov pauv los ntawm piston thiab turbojet tsheb kawm (AT-6 Texan, AT-28 Trojan, Fouga Magister, T-2D Buckeye, AT-33 Shooting Star, BAC 167 Strikemaster). Lub dav hlau piston qis yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom zoo, thiab kev ya dav hlau rau lawv, vim tias qib siab hnav, tau cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo siab, thiab kev tsim kho lub dav hlau nres nrog lub cav turbojet tau dhau los ua kim heev rau kev khiav lag luam thiab tuaj yeem nqa kev sib ntaus me me thauj khoom. Ib qho tsis zoo ntawm piston thiab turbojet nres dav hlau ua los ntawm TCB yog qhov yuav luag tsis muaj cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm thiab cov txheej txheem uas ua rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj, uas ua rau lawv muaj kev phom sij txawm tias yuav ua rau phom los ntawm caj npab me.

Raws li cov peev txheej tau ploj lawm, lub tshuab piston thiab turbojet tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1940s-1960s tau raug tso tseg thiab hloov los ntawm cov tshuab turboprop. Thaum lub Yim Hli 1978, pib tsim cov PC-7 Turbo Trainer turboprop aircraft pib. TCB no, tsim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Swiss lub tuam txhab Pilatus, tsis yog thawj lub dav hlau ntawm lub hom phiaj no, nruab nrog lub cav turboprop, tab sis nws yog qhov ntawd, ua tsaug rau kev ua tiav kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ya dav hlau, kev ntseeg tau thiab tus nqi ua haujlwm qis., tau nthuav dav. Tus kws qhia RS-7 tau ua haujlwm hauv ntau dua 25 lub xeev. Ua raws li cov kev xaiv hloov kho tshiab, ntau dua 600 lub dav hlau tau tsim.

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Lub dav hlau nrog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws nqa ntawm 2710 kg tau nruab nrog Pratt Whitney Canada PT6A-25A turbofan nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 650 hp thiab peb-hniav Hartzell HC-B3TN-2 lub zog. Qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv qib dav dav yog 500 km / h. Stall ceev - 119 km / h. Ferry davhlau ntau - 1350 km. Cov foob pob, thaiv nrog cov foob pob hluav taws uas tsis siv neeg thiab ntim nrog 7, 62-12, 7-mm tshuab rab phom nrog qhov hnyav tag nrho txog li 1040 kg tuaj yeem tso rau rau rau ntawm qhov raug ncua.

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Tsoomfwv Swiss txwv tsis pub muab cov khoom tiv thaiv txawv tebchaws mus rau txawv tebchaws, thiab nyob rau theem ntawm kev xaus daim ntawv cog lus nrog cov neeg siv khoom txawv teb chaws uas muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov neeg nyob ze lossis cov neeg tawm tsam ua haujlwm hauv lub tebchaws, qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb tau hais tseg tias lub dav hlau yuav tsis siv rau tub rog lub hom phiaj. Dua li qhov no, hauv huab cua ntawm ntau lub tebchaws, PC-7 tau siv los ua lub dav hlau tua hluav taws. Thaum lub sijhawm nws zoo li, PC-7 tsis muaj kev sib tw hauv kev lag luam caj npab thoob ntiaj teb, thiab nws tau nrov heev ntawm cov neeg siv khoom txawv teb chaws. Txhua tus neeg zoo siab, Swiss muag nws raws li kev nyab xeeb dav hlau qhia dav dav, thiab cov neeg siv khoom, tom qab kev hloov kho me me, tau txais kev ncaj ncees thiab pheej yig tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam tub rog. Txij li thaum lub dav hlau tau xa mus yam tsis muaj riam phom thiab pom kev, lawv tau rov nruab dua twb tau nyob ntawm qhov chaw lossis ntawm lub tuam txhab kho lub dav hlau hauv lub tebchaws thib peb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tau muab cov hlua hluav taws xob ntxiv, tshem tawm cov rooj sib txoos, cov cuab yeej pom, cov nyees khawm thiab cov hloov pauv rau kev tswj phom. Feem ntau, tab sis tsis tas li, Pilatus, muaj peev xwm nqa tau riam phom dav hlau, tau nruab nrog lub hauv paus tiv thaiv lub cav thiab lub tog raj kheej nitrogen txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tawg ntawm cov pa roj thaum cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam raug tua.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj, RS-7 tau siv thawj zaug hauv kev ua phem rau xyoo 1982 thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws Guatemala. Kaum Ob Pilatus hloov pauv mus rau cua daj cua dub tau ua tub rog tshawb nrhiav hauv thaj chaw tswj hwm los ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam sab laug. Nws ntseeg tau zoo tias RS-7 Turbo Trainer turboprop, ua ke nrog A-37 Dragonfly dav hlau tua dav hlau, foob pob thiab foob pob tsis yog tsuas yog cov pab pawg ib leeg xwb, tabsis tseem muaj cov zej zog nyob hauv cov pej xeem, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, ntxiv rau cov foob pob thiab NAR, napalm kuj tau siv. Thaum muaj kev ua tsov rog, Asmeskas cov kws pab tswv yim qhia nrog Guatemalan cov tub rog qhov kev paub dhau los hauv Nyab Laj hauv kev siv cov dav hlau tiv thaiv tub rog. Tebchaws Asmeskas tseem tau pab nyiaj rau kev cob qhia rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ya dav hlau, kho lub dav hlau, thiab yuav cov khoom seem.

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Ib tus Pilatus raug tua los ntawm rab phom me me, thiab tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntxiv, uas tau txais kev puas tsuaj loj, yuav tsum tau muab sau tawm. Tom qab qhov kev ua tsov rog hauv ntiaj teb kawg, feem ntau ntawm lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau turboprop raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov kev pab. Xyoo 2019, Guatemalan Air Force muaj ib lub PC-7, uas tau siv rau kev qhia dav hlau.

Yuav luag ib txhij nrog Guatemala, 16 PC-7s tau yuav los ntawm Burma. Tom qab kev hloov pauv, cov dav hlau tawm tsam ntawm Lashio lub tshav dav hlau tau nquag siv tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam uas ua haujlwm nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws. Ib lub dav hlau raug tua los ntawm hluav taws tiv thaiv dav hlau, peb zaug poob hauv kev sib tsoo. Ntau tus Pilatus los ntawm tog no tseem nyob hauv qib, tab sis lawv tsis tau siv rau hauv kev tawm tsam kev kub ntxhov. Rau lub hom phiaj no, Suav lub dav hlau tua dav hlau A-5C thiab Lavxias lub dav hlau Mi-35 kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Xyoo 1982, Angola tau txais 25 PC-7 Turbo Trainers, thiab thawj theem, cov tshuab no tau siv rau lawv lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau xyoo 1990s, Pilatuses, khiav los ntawm South African cov tub rog ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam ntiag tug Cov Thawj Coj Ua Haujlwm, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev swb ntawm pab pawg tub rog UNITA. Cov neeg African sab qab teb, ntiav los ntawm tsoomfwv Angolan, tau ya dav hlau uas muaj kev pheej hmoo loj hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm UNITA cov chaw. Tom qab nrhiav pom cov chaw pw hav zoov thiab cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam, lawv tau "cim" nrog cov phom phosphorus. Cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm tau tawm tsam los ntawm dav hlau MiG-23s, thiab lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tau npog nrog 250-kg mines ntawm An-12 thiab An-26 thauj dav hlau thauj mus rau hauv cov foob pob. Kev tawm mus los ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab qhov ntsuas cua sov tsawg ntawm lub cav turboprop tso cai rau Pilatus kom tsis txhob raug ntaus los ntawm MANPADS cov foob pob. Cov kws tsav dav hlau ntawm South African lub tuam txhab Executive Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia pom tias, nrog rau kev siv lub tswv yim kom raug, siv lub dav hlau turboprop siv los ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsav dav hlau dav hlau muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev tawm tsam nrog tus yeeb ncuab nrog 12, 7-14, 5-mm tiv thaiv phom tshuab dav hlau, 23-hli ntxaib phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. -23 thiab MANPADS "Strela-2M". Xyoo 1995, ntau lub PC-7s, tau tsav los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tau zoo, tseem tawm tsam United United Front Front (RUF) hauv Sierra Leone.

Pilatus PC-7 Turbo Trainer aircraft tau siv los ntawm ob tog thaum tsov rog Iran-Iraq. Iraq tau txais 52 lub dav hlau xyoo 1980 thiab Iran 35 xyoo 1983. Txawm hais tias cov tsheb no tau pib tsis muaj phom, lawv tau ua tub rog sai sai los ntawm cov chaw kho dav hlau hauv nroog. Nrog rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev qhia ya dav hlau, turboprop "Pilatus" tau siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav, kev soj ntsuam thiab kev hloov kho ntawm cov phom loj. Muaj cov neeg paub thaum lawv ntaus NAR ntawm ntug kev ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Ib lub xov tooj ntawm cov peev txheej hais tias hloov pauv Iraqi PC-7s nyob rau xyoo 1980s tau txau cov tshuaj lom ntau dhau thaj chaw ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Kurds, uas tom qab ntawd tau lees paub tias yog kev ua tsov ua rog txhaum cai. Kev siv kev qhia dav hlau rau kev siv tshuaj lom neeg tau ua rau kev tswj hwm nruj los ntawm tsoomfwv Swiss hla lawv cov khoom xa tawm, uas feem ntau qhib txoj hauv kev rau Brazilian Tucano. Tam sim no, txhua lub PC-7s siv los ntawm Iraq tau raug tso tseg, thiab hauv Iran, raws li cov ntaub ntawv siv, ob lub kaum os tshuab tseem nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej.

Xyoo 1985, ob lub PC-7s tau ntxiv rau Chad Air Force. Cov dav hlau no tau muab los ntawm Fab Kis los hloov lub qub-A-1 Skyraider piston nres dav hlau thiab tau ya los ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau Fabkis. Lub dav hlau Turboprop tau tawm tsam ib sab ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Hissén Habré, tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Gukuni Oueddei thiab pab tub rog Libyan txhawb nws. Txoj hmoo ntawm cov dav hlau no tsis paub; twb dhau xyoo 1991 lawm lawv tsis coj mus saum huab cua. Peb RS-7s, xa hauv xyoo 1995, tau ua tub rog tshawb nrhiav thiab tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj ciam teb nrog Sudan. Ob Pilatus tseem nyob ntawm Chadian Air Force cov nyiaj hli.

Thawj ntawm 88 xaj PC-7 tus kws qhia nkag mus rau hauv Mexico Air Force xyoo 1980. Tsis ntev, qee lub dav hlau tau ua tub rog nrog NAR thaiv thiab ntim nrog rab phom tshuab. Cov tshuab no tau siv rau kev qhia thiab kawm txhawm rau tua lub hom phiaj hauv av, thiab tseem ua rau kev saib xyuas ya dav hlau hauv thaj chaw nyuaj-mus txog hauv lub tebchaws.

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Xyoo 1994, Mev Mev RS-7s tau tua 70 hli tsis siv lub foob pob ntawm Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) chaw pw hav zoov hauv Chiapas. Cov koom haum tib neeg txoj cai tau hais pov thawj tias ntau tus neeg tau raug mob, uas thaum kawg dhau los ua qhov laj thawj rau kev txwv los ntawm tsoomfwv Swiss ntawm kev muag cov dav hlau cob qhia rau Mexico. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm World Air Force 2020, PC-7 lub teeb hluav taws xob tua lub dav hlau tam sim no yog cov dav hlau loj tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv Mev. Fuerza Aérea Mexicana, muaj 33 chav nyob tag nrho.

Xav txog qhov dav dav PC-7 turboprop tau txais hauv Lub Ntiaj Teb Thib Peb, cov npe saum toj no ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv riam phom uas cov dav hlau koom nrog no tsis tiav. Qee lub tsheb tau hloov tes ntau zaus. Vim tias tus nqi qis ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas tsis zoo, "Pilatus" yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm "dub" caj npab lag luam. Yog li, ntau lub TCB RS-7, xa hauv xyoo 1989 los ntawm Bophuthatswana Air Force, tau muab pov tseg ntawm pab pawg tub rog, tau rov nruab thiab los ntawm ib nrab ntawm 1990s tau siv hauv "Great African War", uas muaj ntau dua ntau dua nees nkaum pab tub rog sawv cev rau cuaj lub xeev koom nrog. Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias kev siv zog ntawm tsoomfwv Swiss los tiv thaiv kev koom tes ntawm lub dav hlau RS-7 hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xav tau siab rau cov kws qhia dav hlau turboprop tau txhawb cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv txoj kev txhim kho. Kev hloov kho hu ua PC-7 Mk II tau txais lub tis tshiab thiab 700 hp Pratt Whitney Canada PT6A-25C cav.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua siv lub dav hlau tua rog hauv xyoo 1970s-1990s
Kev sib ntaus sib tua siv lub dav hlau tua rog hauv xyoo 1970s-1990s

Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm RS-7 TCB yog PC-9. Kev tsim khoom ntawm PC-9 tau pib xyoo 1985. Lub dav hlau khaws cov qauv qub; nws txawv ntawm RS-7 nrog Pratt Whitney Canada PT6A-62 lub cav nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1150 hp, lub dav hlau ruaj khov dua, txhim kho lub cev muaj zog thiab tshem tawm rooj.

Lub dav hlau nrog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws nqa ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm 2350 kg muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm 630 km. Qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv dav dav yog 593 km / h. Kev ceev ceev - 550 km / h. Stall ceev - 128 km / h. Qhov hnyav hnyav rau ntawm qhov nyuaj nyuaj yog 1040 kg. RS-9 tuaj yeem nqa tau ob lub 225 kg thiab plaub 113 kg aerial foob pob lossis ntim nrog cov phom tshuab thiab NAR.

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RS-9 tau tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm British Air Force, tab sis hloov pauv nws, kev hloov kho tshiab Embraer EMB 312 Tucano tau txais, tau tso cai tsim khoom uas tau tsim xyoo 1986. Thawj tus neeg yuav khoom ntawm RS-9 TCB yog Saudi Arabia, uas tau xaj 20 lub dav hlau. Raws li xyoo 2020, ntau dua 270 daim ntawv tau tsim tawm. Muab kev siv dav dav ntawm RS-7 hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev muag RS-9 rau Lub Ntiaj Teb Thib Peb tau txwv. Txawm hais tias tau sim los ntawm tsoomfwv Swiss kom zam kev koom tes ntawm kev xa tawm dav hlau hauv kev tsis sib haum hauv cheeb tsam, qhov no ua pov thawj tsis tau. Chadian Air Force PC-9s tau tawm tsam ntawm ciam teb nrog Sudan, thiab Myanmar Air Force siv lawv los tua cov neeg tawm tsam. Lub dav hlau ntawm hom no tseem muaj nyob hauv Angola, Oman thiab Saudi Arabia. Cov tebchaws no nrog qib siab ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem siv dav hlau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua raws li lub dav hlau tshawb nrhiav thiab lub dav hlau tua hluav taws, tab sis tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus ntseeg tau.

Raws li tau hais dhau los, kev txwv txwv los ntawm tsoomfwv Swiss ntawm kev xa tawm ntawm turboprop nres dav hlau ua si rau hauv txhais tes ntawm Brazilian aircraft chaw tsim khoom Embraer. Xyoo 1983, Brazil tau pib tsim ntau ntawm EMB 312 Tucano lub dav hlau, uas los ntawm qhov pib tau muab tso rau tsis yog tsuas yog tus kws qhia, tab sis kuj yog lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau. Thaum pib, nyob rau theem tsim qauv, txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau txo qis kev ua neej nyob. Tucano, yog ib qho ntawm kev ua tiav tshaj plaws thiab ua lag luam zoo tshaj plaws niaj hnub kev sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau, tau dhau los ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm Brazilian kev lag luam aviation thiab tau txais kev lees paub zoo hauv Brazil thiab txawv teb chaws. Lub dav hlau no yog ntau txoj hauv kev hom kev ntsuas rau tus tsim ntawm lwm lub TCB thiab lub teeb pom kev sib ntaus sib tua lub dav hlau nrog lub cav turboprop. Turboprop EMB 312, ntxiv rau kev cob qhia cov kws tsav dav hlau, tau qhia nws tus kheej zoo heev raws li lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau thiab saib xyuas lub dav hlau hauv "kev tiv thaiv tub rog" kev ua haujlwm, qhov uas tsis muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov neeg tua rog thiab kev tiv thaiv huab cua niaj hnub no.

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Zoo li kev cob qhia thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau RS-7 thiab RS-9, tsim los ntawm Pilatus, Brazilian Tucano tau tsim raws li kev teeb tsa huab cua ib txwm muaj nrog qis qis ncaj ncaj thiab sab nrauv zoo li lub piston sib ntaus ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. "Lub plawv" ntawm EMB 312 Tucano yog Pratt Whitney Canada PT6A-25C nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 750 litres. nrog nrog peb-bladed sib txawv-suab propeller. Hauv kev ya dav hlau, lub dav hlau muaj peev xwm ncav cuag qhov nrawm ntawm 458 km / h. Kev ceev ceev - 347 km / h. Stall ceev - 128 km / h. Qhov hnyav tshaj plaws nqa tawm yog 2550 kg. Ferry ntau - 1910 km. Thaum siv cov roj tso tawm sab nrauv, Tucano tuaj yeem nyob qis dua ntau dua 8 teev.

Muaj ob txoj kev hloov kho dav hlau hauv qab lub npe EMB 312 Tucano: T-27 thiab AT-27. Thawj qhov kev xaiv feem ntau yog npaj rau kev qhia paub yav dhau los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv dav hlau thiab kev ua tiav ntawm kev qhia dav hlau. Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau, uas lub nraub qaum tiv thaiv tau teeb tsa thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm lub cockpit tau ua tiav. Cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam nyob hauv lub tis muaj txheej tiv thaiv sab hauv thiab muaj cov nitrogen. Cov cuab yeej ua rog tau muab tso rau ntawm plaub lub hauv paus pylons (txog 250 kg rau ib lub pylon). Cov no tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntim nrog 7, 62-mm rab phom tshuab (500 lub mos txwv ib lub thoob), foob pob hnyav txog 250 kg, thiab 70-mm NAR blocks.

Qhov kev nyiam ntawm "Tucano" hauv ntiaj teb kev lag luam caj npab kuj tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev tso cai tsim cov dav hlau ntawm tus qauv no sab nrauv ntawm Brazil. Cov ntsia hlau sib dhos ntawm lub dav hlau muab rau Middle East tau ua los ntawm Egyptian tuam txhab "AOI" hauv nroog Helwan. Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1980s, cov kws tsim khoom siv dav hlau hauv tebchaws Askiv British Cov Tij Laug tau txais daim ntawv tso cai los tsim Tucano. Kev hloov kho rau RAF yog qhov txawv los ntawm 1100 hp Garrett TPE331-12B cav. thiab ntau dua avionics. Ua tsaug rau kev siv lub cav muaj zog dua, qhov siab tshaj plaws tau nce mus rau 513 km / h. Txij li thaum Lub Xya Hli 1987, Luv tau tsim 130 Tucanos, xaiv S312 hauv tebchaws Askiv.

Lub Tucano Luv tuaj yeem nqa ntim nrog 12.7 hli tshuab rab phom, foob pob thiab 70 hli NAR. Lub dav hlau ntawm qhov kev hloov kho no kuj tau xa mus rau Kuwait thiab Kenya. Tag nrho ntawm 664 lub dav hlau tau tsim tawm (504 Brazilian Embraer thiab 160 tus kws sau ntawv Askiv luv luv), uas ya hauv huab cua ntawm 16 lub tebchaws.

Txij li cov neeg Brazilian tsis tau sim ua kom zoo li tib neeg nyob hauv lub qhov muag ntawm zej zog ntiaj teb, "Tucano" tau muag rau cov teb chaws nquag tawm tsam txhua yam kev tawm tsam thiab muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog lawv cov neeg nyob ze. Honduras dhau los ua thawj tus neeg yuav khoom txawv teb chaws ntawm Tucano hauv xyoo 1982. Hauv lub tebchaws no, EMB 312 turboprop hloov T-28 Trojan piston tus kws qhia dav hlau, hloov pauv mus rau hauv dav hlau tua.

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Hauv Fuerza Aérea Hondureña, 12 Tucanos tau siv rau kev qhia dav hlau thiab tswj hwm lub tebchaws lub dav hlau. Hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1980s, lub dav hlau tua hluav taws turboprop, txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm ntawm Contras, tsoo rau thaj tsam Nicaraguan. Xyoo 1990s lig, uas yog ib feem ntawm kev siv zog tiv thaiv kev lag luam luam yeeb, EMB 312 lub dav hlau tau siv los cuam tshuam cov dav hlau tsis raug cai hauv lub tebchaws lub tebchaws. Hauv tag nrho, tsib lub dav hlau raug tua thiab yuam kom tsaws, nrog kwv yees li 1400 kg ntawm cov yeeb tshuaj nyob hauv nkoj. Xyoo 2020, Honduran Air Force muaj 9 EMB 312s. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias Honduran cov tub rog chav haujlwm thiab Embraer tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus rau kev kho thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm lub dav hlau hauv kev pabcuam.

Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1983, Tim lyiv teb chaws thiab Brazil tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus muaj nqis txog $ 10 lab, uas tau muab rau kev muab 10 tus kws qhia tiav thiab cov ntsia hlau sib dhos ua ke ntawm 100 lub dav hlau. Ntawm pawg no, 80 Tucano tau xa mus rau Iraq. Nws tsis paub tias cov dav hlau no tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus, tab sis tam sim no tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm EMB 312 hauv Iraq Air Force.

Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1986, Venezuela tau txais thawj plaub EMB-312s. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 30 lub dav hlau tau xaj hauv Brazil nrog tus nqi tag nrho ntawm $ 50 lab. Ib xyoos tom qab, Venezuelan Air Force tau txais cov dav hlau ntxiv, faib ua ob qho kev xaiv: 20 T-27 rau kev qhia paub thiab 12 AT-27 rau kev tawm dag zog. kev txhawb zog hauv av. Tucano ntawm peb pawg huab cua tau ua raws hauv Maracay, Barcelona thiab Maracaibo. Venezuelan AT-27 Tucano, nrog rau OV-10 Bronco, tau koom tes nrog hauv ntau qhov kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv tub rog thiab hauv kev ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau muag yeeb tshuaj thiab kev nyiag neeg hauv thaj tsam ib puag ncig Colombia.

Duab
Duab

Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1992, "Tucano" thiab "Bronco", nyob rau lwm qhov kev sim ntawm kev tawm tsam tub rog los ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam huab cua ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm tsoomfwv lub zog hauv Caracas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib qho AT-27 raug tua los ntawm F-16A tus neeg tua rog, thiab ntau yam ntxiv tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau 12, 7-mm tshuab phom. Tam sim no, Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Venezuelan Air Force suav nrog 12 Tucanos, tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv xav tau kev kho dua tshiab.

Xyoo 1987, Paraguay tau txais rau Tucanos, thiab peb lub dav hlau siv ntau ntxiv tau muab los ntawm Brazil xyoo 1996. Hauv tib lub xyoo, Paraguayan Air Force nres dav hlau tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam kev kub ntxhov.

Duab
Duab

Txhawm rau cuam tshuam cov dav hlau siv tshuaj los ntawm Bolivia, ob peb AT-27s tau siv mus tas li ntawm Mariscal airbase nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws. Txij li 7, 62-mm tshuab rab phom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum tua ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua, cov neeg cuam tshuam turboprop tau siv riam phom 20-mm, thiab ntau lub davhlau tau nce vim yog cov tso tsheb roj sab nraud.

Iran tau txais 25 Tucanos thaum ntxov xyoo 1991, tom qab kev tsov rog Iran-Iraq xaus. Txij li ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1990, lub dav hlau tua rog ntawm Islamic Revolution Guards Corps tau cuam tshuam cov tshuaj caravans nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Iran, thiab tseem tau tawm tsam Taliban chav nyob hauv thaj tsam ib puag ncig Afghanistan. Xyoo 2019, Iran muaj 21 EMBs 312.

Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1980s, nws tau dhau los ua qhov hloov pauv Cessna T-37 Tweet dav hlau ntaus rog hauv Peru. Txog qhov no, nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1987 txog 1991, 30 AT-27s tau yuav, tab sis tom qab 6 lub dav hlau tau muag rau Angola. Thawj lub dav hlau, tsuas yog siv rau kev qhia dav hlau, tau pleev xim dawb thiab txiv kab ntxwv.

Duab
Duab

Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab qee qhov ntawm Peruvian Tucanos tau pib nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm rau kev tawm tsam, lawv tau muab cov txuj ci zais rau hauv hav zoov, thiab qee lub dav hlau npaj rau hmo ua haujlwm tau pleev xim rau xim dub. Peruvian AT-27s txhawm rau hem cov yeeb ncuab tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub qhov ncauj shark.

Duab
Duab

Txij li xyoo 1991, riam phom ntim nrog rab phom tshuab thiab NAR "Tucano" chav nyob, Peruvian Air Force tau tawm tsam cov neeg laib ua haujlwm nyob rau thaj tsam uas muaj ciam teb nrog Brazil thiab Colombia. Cov tsheb no tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tawm tsam sab laug-tis pab pawg muaj zog Sendero Luminoso. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 1992 thiab 2000, AT-27 lub dav hlau ntawm Peruvian Air Force tau tua 9 lub dav hlau uas muaj tshuaj thiab ua rau ntau lub nkoj poob dej uas nqa cov khoom tsis zoo. Thaum kaj ntug ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 5, 1995, thaum muaj kev sib cav sib ceg nrog Ecuador, ntau Peruvian Tucanos, txhua lub ntim nrog plaub 500-phaus Mk.82 foob pob, tau tawm tsam Ecuadorian txoj haujlwm nyob rau sab Senepa River. Yuav kom tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, cov kws tsav dav hlau muaj tsom iav pom kev hmo ntuj. Hauv kev ua tsov rog no, AT-27 tau ua pov thawj zoo dua li Mi-25 lub dav hlau sib ntaus thiab A-37 dav hlau tua dav hlau, uas tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj los ntawm MANPADS. Piv rau cov nyoob hoom qav taub, qhov ua tau zoo txaus "Tucano" muaj lub davhlau nrawm dua, thiab vim qis dua lub npe cua sov ntawm lub cav turboprop, nws ntes los ntawm IR nrhiav ntawm MANPADS nyuaj. Thaum ua rog nrog Ecuador, AT-27s ua ntau dua 60 qhov kev xaiv. Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, lawv tau siv ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov phom phom pem hauv ntej, khij lub hom phiaj pom nrog cov mos txwv phosphorus, muab cov pa luam yeeb dawb kom pom tseeb ntawm huab cua. Tom qab ntawd, tau siv lub dav hlau sib ntaus nrawm thiab hnyav ntau dua ntawm qhov chaw no nrog foob pob thiab foob pob. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, qee tus Peruvian Tucanos tau txais cov thawv dai nrog lub ntsuas hluav taws xob pom, uas tso cai rau lawv kom pom cov neeg coob coob thiab cov cuab yeej siv hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Hauv xyoo 2012, tsoomfwv Peruvian tshaj tawm nws lub hom phiaj los hloov kho 20 lub dav hlau EMB-312.

Xyoo 1992, Colombia tau xaj 14 AT-27s, kev xa thawj thawj lub dav hlau tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis ntawm tib lub xyoo. Thawj peb xyoos, Colombian "Tucano" tsuas yog ua haujlwm kev qhia dav hlau, tab sis raws li qhov xwm txheej hauv lub tebchaws tsis zoo, lawv tau tsom mus rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa huab cua nyob ze thiab cuam tshuam lub tshuab hluav taws xob lub dav hlau nqa cov yeeb dawb. Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1990, thaum ua haujlwm tiv thaiv Kev Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Colombia (FARC), Tucano tau ya ntau dua 150 qhov kev sib tw yam tsis poob.

Duab
Duab

Xyoo 1998, Colombian turboprop nres lub dav hlau tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej pom kev hmo ntuj, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Hauv xyoo 2011, Embraer, ua ke nrog Colombian Aeronautic Industry SA, nrog Asmeskas kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag, tau pib ua haujlwm kom txuas ntxiv kev pab lub neej thiab txhim kho kev sib ntaus ntawm AT-27. Hauv kev kho dua tshiab, lub dav hlau tau txais tis tshiab thiab tsaws iav. Lub tuam txhab Asmeskas Rockwell Collins muab cov khoom siv ntau lub ntsej muag, cov khoom siv taw qhia thiab kaw cov kev sib txuas lus.

Turboprop nres dav hlau raws li kev qhia Pilatus RS-7/9 Turbo Tus Kws Qhia thiab Embraer EMB 312 Tucano tau ua pov thawj los ua qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo rau ntau lub tebchaws uas xav tau cov dav hlau no. Yog lawm, ib lub cav dav hlau me ntsis qis dua hauv kev tiv thaiv kev muaj sia nyob thiab tawm tsam lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb rau tsim OV-10 Bronco, OV-1 Mohawk thiab IA-58A Pucar nres dav hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua lub xeev xav tau kev tiv thaiv dav hlau dav hlau, rau kev nom tswv thiab kev lag luam, tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm yuav tau tshwj xeeb kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam dav hlau. Thaum xyoo 1980s, Argentina tau nug txog $ 4.5 lab rau IA-58A Pucar ntxaib-cav turboprop nres dav hlau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, EMB 312 Tucano, hloov mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm T-27, raug nqi $ 1 lab rau kev lag luam txawv teb chaws. Pukara ", nqa riam phom muaj zog dua, yog qhov zoo dua. Tab sis nws tuaj yeem lees paub nrog kev ntseeg siab tias thaum ua haujlwm zoo ib yam "Pukara" hauv kev sib piv nrog "Tucano" tsis muaj 4, 5 zaug ua haujlwm tau zoo dua. Ib qho ntxiv, tus nqi ib teev twg ntawm ib lub tshuab dav hlau ua los ntawm Pilatus thiab Embraer yog 2.5-4 npaug tsawg dua li ntawm cov khoom siv cav ntxaib los ntawm FMA, North American thiab Grumman, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov tebchaws txom nyem ntiaj teb thib peb.

Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub dav hlau tua phom turboprop tau ua pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam thiab hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv xeev. Lawv kuj tseem siv tau zoo los txwv kev siv tshuaj yeeb thiab kev rho tawm tsis raug cai ntawm cov peev txheej ntuj. Raws li cov cuab yeej onboard txhim kho, nws tau dhau los ua kev tshawb fawb thiab tua lub hom phiaj hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1990, tau muaj lub siab xav ua kom lub dav hlau tiv thaiv ib tog twg muaj riam phom zoo uas tuaj yeem siv tau sab nraum thaj tsam tua hluav taws. Hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, txawm tias muaj kev sib tw hnyav los ntawm cov drones thiab cov nyoob hoom qav taub, kev txaus siab rau lub teeb pom kev turboprop nres dav hlau tsis tau ploj mus. Raws li ib feem ntawm phiaj xwm tawm tsam kev ua phem thoob ntiaj teb thiab tshuaj mafia, lawv tau dhau los ua qhov xav tau thiab tau nquag siv hauv "qhov chaw kub". Qhov no yuav tham txog hauv ntu tom ntej ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas.

Qhov kawg ua raws …

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