Kev siv ntes German mortars thiab ntau lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev siv ntes German mortars thiab ntau lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws
Kev siv ntes German mortars thiab ntau lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws

Video: Kev siv ntes German mortars thiab ntau lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws

Video: Kev siv ntes German mortars thiab ntau lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws
Video: Maiv Xis Xyooj Khaus Pim | Tub Siab Loj Xa Lus Rau Maiv Xis Xyooj 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim
Kev siv ntes German mortars thiab ntau lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws
Kev siv ntes German mortars thiab ntau lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws

Hauv cov lus tshaj tawm rau kev tshaj tawm Kev siv German cov tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog, Kuv tau tshaj tawm yam tsis xav paub tias tsab xov xwm kawg hauv kab lus yuav tsom mus rau kev siv cov tub rog German tua.

Txawm li cas los xij, tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li cas, kuv tau los xaus tias nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tawg los ntawm cov tshuaj khib, teb, tiv thaiv lub tank thiab tiv thaiv dav hlau phom loj. Hauv qhov no, tsawg kawg peb kab lus ntxiv mob siab rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau hais lus rau cov nyeem hauv German.

Hnub no peb yuav saib German mortars thiab ntau lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws.

50 mm mortar 5 cm le. Gr. W. 36

Hauv thawj lub sijhawm ua tsov rog, peb cov tub rog feem ntau ntes cov neeg German 50-mm mortars 5 cm le. Gr. W. 36 (German 5cm leichter Granatenwerfer 36). Cov tshuaj khib no tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tsim qauv Rheinmetall-Borsig AG xyoo 1934, thiab tau nkag mus rau xyoo 1936.

Mortar 5 cm le. Gr. W. 36 tau muaj lub tswv yim "npub" - uas yog, txhua lub ntsiab lus tau muab tso rau ntawm ib rab phom nqa phom. Lub thoob yog 460 mm ntev thiab lwm cov txheej txheem tau teeb tsa ntawm lub hauv paus phaj. Spindle kho tau qhov siab thiab kev taw qhia tau siv rau kev taw qhia. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj khib hauv qhov chaw tua yog 14 kg. Cug tau muab los ntawm ob tus neeg, uas tau muab cov mos txwv nqa.

Duab
Duab

Thawj qhov nrawm ntawm 50 mm kuv hnyav 910 g yog 75 m / s. Ntau qhov kev tua ntau tshaj - 575 m. Yam tsawg kawg - 25 m. Cov lus qhia ntsug ntsug: 42 ° - 90 °. Kab rov tav: 4 °. Kev ntxhib ntxaum tau nqa tawm los ntawm kev xa lub hauv paus phaj.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau kawm paub zoo tuaj yeem tua 20 phom ib feeb twg. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hluav taws nrog lub hom phiaj kho tsis tshaj 12 rds / min. Kev faib ua feem me, muaj 115 g ntawm TNT nrum, muaj lub vojvoog ntawm kev rhuav tshem txog 5 m.

Cov lus txib Wehrmacht tau txiav txim siab rau 50-mm mortar raws li txhais tau tias ntawm kev txhawb nqa hluav taws rau qib-tuam txhab. Thiab lawv pinned zoo cia siab rau nws.

Hauv txhua lub tuam txhab rab phom, raws li cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv xyoo 1941, nws tau xav tias yuav muaj peb lub phom. Kev faib tub rog yuav tsum muaj 84 50 mm mortar.

Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1939, muaj txog 6,000 lub tuam txhab tshuaj khib hauv cov tub rog. Raws li lub Plaub Hlis 1, 1941, muaj 14,913 50-mm mortars thiab 31,982,200 muab rau lawv.

Duab
Duab

Txawm li cas los xij, 50-mm mortar tag nrho tsis tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej.

Nws qhov kev sib tua sib nrug sib luag rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm rab phom thiab tshuab rab phom, uas ua rau cov neeg siv phom phom phom sij thiab txo lawv cov nqi sib ntaus. Kev faib ua feem ntawm lub plhaub ua rau ntau qhov xav tau, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tawg loj tsis txaus los ua kom lub zog tiv thaiv lub teeb thiab thaiv cov hlau.

Thaum muaj kev tawm tsam, nws kuj tau pom meej tias kuv cov fuses tsis muaj qib xav tau ntawm kev ntseeg tau thiab nyab xeeb. Cov xwm txheej tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim thaum cov mines tsis tau tawg thaum tsoo hauv cov av nkos thiab cov dej daus tob. Los yog lwm yam - lub foob pob tshwm sim tam sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj, uas yog fraught nrog kev tuag ntawm cov neeg coob. Vim yog qhov rhiab heev ntawm lub fuse, tua hauv nag tau txwv.

Vim tias qhov ua tau zoo tsawg thiab tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb txaus siab, xyoo 1943 kev tsim cov tshuaj khib 5 cm le. Gr. W. 36 tau ua tiav.

Cov phom 50-hli tseem tshuav hauv cov tub rog tau siv rau qhov txwv kom txog thaum kawg kev ua phem ua qias.

Txawm li cas los xij, nyob hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog, Red Army tseem tso tseg cov tuam txhab tshuaj khib. Thiab tseem tshuav 50 hli cov pob zeb tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov pob zeb tawg.

Qhov no tsis yog hais tias ntes 50-mm mortars tau nrov ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab.

Cov tuam txhab German mortars tau qee zaum siv los ua haujlwm ywj pheej txhais tau tias tiv thaiv hluav taws hauv kev tiv thaiv mus sij hawm ntev.

Thaum lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1944, muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo siv cov phom cib nyob hauv txoj kev sib ntaus. Cov phom uas tau ntes tau raug teeb tsa rau saum cov cuab yeej ntawm lub teeb T-70 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tau siv los tua cov yeeb ncuab tub rog uas tau nyob hauv lub tsev thiab saum ru tsev.

Raws li qhov no, cov kws tshaj lij ntawm BTU GBTU, uas tshuaj xyuas qhov kev paub txog kev tawm tsam, pom zoo kom siv txuas ntxiv siv 50-mm mortars hauv cov chav ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv ntawm pab tub rog liab koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus rau lub nroog.

Cov neeg koom nrog siv cov tshuaj ciam av los tua hluav taws ntawm German cov chaw ruaj khov hauv thaj chaw uas nyob. Lub teeb pom kev zoo 50mm mortars ua haujlwm zoo rau qhov no. Thaum tau rho tawm kaum lub mines los ntawm qhov deb tshaj plaws, nws tuaj yeem rov qab sai.

81 mm cug 8 cm s. G. W. 34

Muaj zog ntau dua (piv rau 50mm) yog 8cm s. G. W. 81mm mortar. 34 (German 8-cm Granatwerfer 34).

Cug tau tsim xyoo 1932 los ntawm Rheinmetall-Borsig AG. Thiab xyoo 1934 nws tau nkag mus ua haujlwm. Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1937 txog 1945. Kev lag luam German tsim ntau dua 70,000 81-mm mortars, uas tau siv rau txhua qhov chaw.

Mortar 8 cm SWB 34 muaj kev tsim qauv qub raws li lub tswv yim

"Daim duab peb sab xav"

thiab suav nrog ib lub thoob nrog lub breech, lub hauv paus phaj, bipod thiab pom.

Kev nqa ob txhais ceg nqa ntawm ob txhais ceg txhawb nqa ntawm tib tus qauv (vim tias muaj lub pob khawm sib koom ua ke) tso cai teeb tsa qhov nyuaj ntawm cov lus qhia ntsug. Qhov kev teeb tsa tib yam nkaus tau ua tiav siv lub tshuab nqa nqa.

Duab
Duab

Hauv txoj haujlwm tua, 8 cm s. G. W. 34 hnyav 62 kg (57 kg siv cov khoom sib txuas lub teeb). Thiab nws tuaj yeem ua tau txog 25 ncig / feeb.

Ntsug taw qhia kaum: ntawm 45 ° txog 87 °. Kab lus qhia kab rov tav: 10 °. Kuv lub cev hnyav 3.5 kg tawm ntawm lub thoob 1143 mm ntev nrog qhov pib ceev ntawm 211 m / s, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ntaus lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 2400 m.

Hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog thib ob, kev txhawb nqa lub zog tau tshaj tawm nrog kev tua ntau txog 3000 m.

Cov mos txwv thauj khoom suav nrog kev tawg thiab cov pa luam yeeb.

Xyoo 1939, tau tsim cov khoom tawg uas tawg me me, uas, tom qab ntog, tau muab pov nrog cov hmoov tshwj xeeb thiab foob rau ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1.5-2 m.

Kev tawg cua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm zais hauv qhov av thiab qhov av, thiab tseem ua rau nws tuaj yeem zam qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov npog daus los ntawm kev tsim cov chaw tawg.

Fragmentation 81 mm mines 8 cm Wgr. 34i8cm wb. 38 muaj 460 g ntawm cam khwb cia TNT lossis amatol. Fragmentation bouncing kuv 8 cm Wgr. 39 tau nruab nrog TNT nrum lossis cam khwb cia ammatol thiab hmoov them rau hauv lub taub hau. Qhov hnyav tawg - 390 g, rab phom - 16 g Cov tawg tawg tawg tawg - txog 25 m.

Duab
Duab

Txhua lub Wehrmacht cov tub rog ua tub rog yuav tsum muaj rau rau rau-81-mm mortars. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1939, cov tub rog muaj 4,624 cug phom. Raws li Lub Rau Hli 1, 1941, muaj 11,767 cov phom hauv Wehrmacht cov tub rog sib cais.

Kev tsim tawm ntawm 8 cm sGG.34 txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum kawg kev ua tsov rog.

Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1945, tau sau npe 16,454 mortars.

Thawj kis ntawm kev siv ntes 81-mm mortars raug kaw thaum Lub Xya Hli 1941. Xyoo 1942, cov tub rog nyob hauv cov tub rog liab tau tshwm sim hauv Red Army, uas tau txuas nrog lub roj teeb nruab nrog cov phom German. Hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1942, cov lus qhia rau kev siv thiab cov lus qhia rau kev siv kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshaj tawm.

Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas muaj peev xwm tua German 81-mm mines los ntawm Soviet 82-mm cov tub rog cug. Txij li kev ntaus pob ntawm German thiab Soviet txhaj tshuaj sib txawv, cov rooj tua tau muab tso rau siv 81-mm mines.

Duab
Duab

Cov Tub Rog Liab tau siv zog siv 81 mm 8 cm s. G. W.34 mortars tawm tsam lawv tus tswv qub. Thiab (tsis zoo li 50mm 5 cm le. Gr. W. 36 mortars) tom qab lub teb chaws Yelemees txoj kev swb lawv feem ntau tsis xa mus rau seem.

Ib tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm German-ua 81-mm mortars hauv thawj xyoo tom qab ua tsov rog xyoo tau nyob hauv cov tub rog ntawm Bulgaria, Czech koom pheej thiab Romania.

Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1940s, Lub Xeev Soviet tau muab ntau pua puas lub foob pob German los rau Suav Suav, uas tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Kuomintang. Tom qab ntawd, cov phom no nquag tawm tsam Kaus Lim Kauslim thiab tau siv tawm tsam Fab Kis thiab Asmeskas thaum sib ntaus hauv Asia sab hnub tuaj.

Xyoo 1960s-1970s, muaj cov xwm txheej thaum tsoomfwv Soviet, tsis kam tshaj tawm kev koom tes nrog qee qhov kev tawm tsam hauv tebchaws, muab lawv nrog riam phom ua txawv teb chaws, suav nrog German 81-mm 8 cm s. G. W. 34.

120-mm mortar Gr. W. 42

Thaum lub sijhawm pib ua tsov rog, cov neeg Germans muaj 105 mm 10.5 cm Nebelwerfer 35 cug, uas yog cov txheej txheem nthuav dav 81 mm 8 cm s. G. W.34 cug thiab tau tsim thaum chiv thawj los tua cov mos txwv tshuaj.

Coj mus rau hauv tus account tias sab saum toj ntawm Peb Reich tsis ntshai siv riam phom tshuaj, tsuas yog tawg thiab tawg me me uas hnyav 7, 26-7, 35 kg tau siv rau kev tua.

Qhov hnyav ntawm 105-mm mortar hauv qhov chaw tua yog 107 kg. Thiab hais txog kev tua ntau, nws me ntsis dhau qhov 81-mm 8 cm s. G. W. mortar. 34.

Xyoo 1941, vim yog qhov tsis txaus siab thiab qhov hnyav ntau dhau, kev tsim khoom ntawm 105 mm mortar 10, 5 cm Nebelwerfer 35 tau txiav tseg.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg German tau zoo siab los ntawm Soviet kev tswj hwm 120-mm mortar PM-38.

PM-38 hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus hnyav 282 kg. Kev tua ntau yog 460-5700 m. Tus nqi hluav taws tsis kho lub hom phiaj yog 15 rds / min. Qhov tawg tawg tawg tawg hnyav uas hnyav 15.7 kg muaj txog li 3 kg ntawm TNT.

Xyoo 1941, cov tub rog German tau nce qib PM-38s ntau. Thiab lawv tau siv cov khoom plig raws li lub npe 12 cm Granatwerfer 378 (r). Yav tom ntej, Cov neeg German tau siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas nquag siv.

Soviet PM-38 tau ua tiav zoo uas German hais kom xaj kom luam nws.

Ib lub tshuaj khib German hu ua Gr. W. 42 (German Granatwerfer 42) txij Lub Ib Hlis 1943 tau tsim tawm ntawm Waffenwerke Brünn cog hauv Brno.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub laub thauj khoom tau txais kev tsim qauv zoo dua qub, hloov pauv rau kev rub los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv zog.

120-mm mortar Gr. W. 42 txawv ntawm PM-38 hauv kev tsim khoom thev naus laus zis thiab cov cuab yeej pom kev. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj khib hauv kev sib ntaus yog 280 kg. Ua tsaug rau kev siv lub zog tua hluav taws muaj zog ntau dua thiab lub teeb me me los ntawm 100 g, qhov sib tua ntau tshaj plaws tau nce mus rau 6050 m.

Tab sis tsis li ntawd, nws cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus sib tua sib haum rau Soviet tsab.

Duab
Duab

Txij Lub Ib Hlis 1943 txog Lub Tsib Hlis txog Lub Tsib Hlis 1945, 8461 120mm Gr. W. mortar raug rho tawm haujlwm. 42.

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis zoo, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ntes ntau pua lub clones ntawm Soviet PM-38 cug ua hauv Czech koom pheej. Coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias rau kev tua los ntawm German Gr. W. 42 thiab Soviet PM-38, tib lub mines tuaj yeem siv, tsis muaj teeb meem hauv kev muab 120-mm mortars nrog mos txwv.

Hauv lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog (txog rau thaum ib nrab xyoo 1960s) tau ntes cov mos txwv Gr. W. 42 tau siv nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe. Thiab Czechoslovakia xa lawv mus rau Middle East.

150 mm foob pob zeb cug 15 cm Nb. W. 41

Tsim ua ntej Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, ntau lub foob pob ua ntxaij tshuab (MLRS) yog thawj lub hom phiaj txhawm rau tua cov foob pob hluav taws nruab nrog cov tshuaj ua tsov rog thiab cov pa luam yeeb tsim rau teeb tsa cov ntxaij vab tshaus camouflage. Qhov no tau cuam tshuam rau hauv lub npe ntawm thawj lub npe German 150-mm MLRS-Nebelwerfer (German "Fog-thrower") lossis "Hom D pa luam yeeb".

Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tsis zoo rau Allies hais txog tag nrho cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov tshuaj ua rog sib ntaus sib tua.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qib siab ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm German kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg thiab muaj lub hauv paus theoretical zoo tau tso cai rau cov kws kho mob German nyob rau xyoo 1930s los ua kom muaj kev vam meej hauv kev siv tshuaj riam phom.

Hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsim cov txheej txheem los tua cov kab, hom tshuaj lom uas tuag taus tshaj plaws hauv kev pabcuam tau tshawb pom - tshuaj lom paj hlwb. Thaum pib, nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov tshuaj tom qab hu ua "Tabun". Tom qab ntawd, txawm tias cov tshuaj lom ntau tau tsim thiab tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom lag luam: "Zarin" thiab "Soman".

Hmoov zoo rau cov tub rog sib koom ua ke, kev siv cov tshuaj lom tawm tsam lawv tsis muaj qhov chaw.

Lub teb chaws Yelemees, raug kev puas tsuaj kom swb hauv kev ua tsov rog los ntawm cov lus yooj yim, tsis tau sim tig dej nyab ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv nws qhov kev pom zoo nrog kev pab ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab kawg. Vim li no, German MLRS tsuas yog siv cov foob pob tawg loj, hluav taws kub hnyiab, haus luam yeeb thiab tshaj tawm cov mines rau tua.

Kev sim ntawm 150-mm rau-barreled mortar thiab foob pob hluav taws pib thaum xyoo 1937. Thiab los ntawm qhov pib xyoo 1940, "Fog thrower" tau coj mus rau qib uas xav tau ntawm kev npaj sib ntaus.

Qhov riam phom no tau xub siv los ntawm cov neeg German thaum lub sijhawm Fab Kis sib tw. Xyoo 1942 (tom qab nkag mus rau kev pabcuam nrog 28/32 cm Nebelwerfer 41 MLRS), chav nyob tau hloov npe 15 cm Nb. W. 41 (15 cm Nebelwerfer 41).

Kev teeb tsa yog ib pob ntawm rau ntawm cov tubular qhia nrog qhov ntev ntawm 1300 mm, ua ke rau hauv ib qho kev thaiv thiab teeb tsa ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm 37-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank 3, 7 cm Pak 35/36.

Lub foob pob hluav taws muaj lub tshuab taw qhia ntsug nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 ° thiab lub tshuab ua haujlwm tig uas tau muab 24 ° kab rov tav ua haujlwm. Hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus, lub log tau dai tawm, lub tsheb thauj khoom tau so ntawm lub bipod ntawm lub txaj zawv zawg thiab lub hauv ntej nres nres. Kev thauj khoom tau tshwm sim los ntawm lub plab. Qee zaum, kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua thaum tua los ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws, lub log tsav tau raug tshem tawm.

Duab
Duab

Cov neeg tsim qauv German tswj hwm los tsim lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab cog pob zeb loj heev. Kev sib ntaus hnyav hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab tau mus txog 770 kg, hauv qhov chaw khaws cia daim duab no yog sib npaug rau 515 kg. Rau qhov kev ncua deb, kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem rub los ntawm cov zog ntawm kev suav. Kev ntaus pob tau ntev txog 10 vib nas this. Ib pab neeg ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm 5 tus neeg tuaj yeem rov nqa phom rov qab rau hauv 90 vib nas this.

Duab
Duab

Tom qab tsom mus rau cov tshuaj khib ntawm lub hom phiaj, cov neeg coob tau mus rau hauv npog thiab, siv chav tso tawm, raug tua nyob rau hauv series ntawm 3 lub mines. Qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob pib thaum tshwm sim los ntawm lub roj teeb ntawm lub tsheb rub lub teeb tsa.

Rau kev tua, 150-mm turbojet cov mines tau siv, uas muaj cov cuab yeej siv txawv heev rau lawv lub sijhawm.

Kev ua tsov rog, uas suav nrog 2 kg ntawm TNT, tau nyob hauv ntu ntu, thiab nyob rau pem hauv ntej - lub tshuab dav hlau uas muaj zog nrog lub ntsej muag ncaj ncees, nruab nrog lub hauv qab perforated nrog 28 lub taub hau inclined ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 14 °. Kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov projectile tom qab tso tawm tau ua tiav los ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm qhov nrawm txog 1000 qhov kev hloov pauv ib pliag, muab los ntawm obliquely nyob hauv lub taub hau.

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm German 15 cm Wurfgranete foob pob hluav taws los ntawm Soviet M-8 thiab M-13 cuaj luaj yog txoj hauv kev ruaj khov hauv dav hlau. Turbojet projectiles muaj qhov raug dua, vim tias txoj hauv kev ruaj khov no tseem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm them nyiaj rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm lub cav. Ntxiv rau, cov lus qhia luv tuaj yeem siv tau. Txij li, tsis zoo li cov cuaj luaj ruaj khov los ntawm tus Tsov tus tw, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ruaj khov tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov xub thawj ntawm lub foob pob. Tab sis vim qhov tseeb tias ib feem ntawm lub zog ntawm cov pa tawm tau siv los ntawm kev tshem lub foob pob hluav taws, qhov kev sib tua tau luv dua li lub foob pob hluav taws.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws dav dav ntawm lub foob pob tawg tawg tawg ntau nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 34, 15 kg yog 6700 m. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ya dav hlau yog 340 m / s. Nebelwerfer muaj qhov ua tau zoo heev rau MLRS ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 6000 m, kev tawg ntawm lub plhaub raws lub hauv ntej yog 60-90 m, thiab ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 80-100 m. pem hauv ntej thiab 15 metres ua ntej ntawm qhov chaw tawg. Cov khoom tawg loj khaws cia lawv lub zog tuag ntawm qhov deb ntau dua 200 m.

Qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua hluav taws siab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv foob pob zeb foob pob hluav taws tsis tsuas yog cov hom phiaj hauv cheeb tsam, tab sis tseem ua lub hom phiaj. Txawm hais tias, tau kawg, nrog kev ua haujlwm tsawg dua li cov khoom siv phom loj.

Thaum pib xyoo 1942, Wehrmacht muaj peb lub foob pob ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws (peb qhov kev sib cais hauv txhua qhov), nrog rau cuaj cais kev sib cais. Kev faib faib muaj peb lub roj teeb hluav taws, 6 chav nyob ib leeg.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1943, cov roj teeb ntawm 150-mm foob pob hluav taws tau pib suav nrog hauv cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov phom loj ntawm cov tub rog sib faib, hloov 105-mm teb howitzers hauv lawv. Raws li txoj cai, ib faib muaj ob lub roj teeb ntawm MLRS, tab sis qee qhov lawv cov lej tau nce mus txog peb. Hauv tag nrho, Kev lag luam German tsim 5283 15 cm Nb. W. 41 thiab 5.5 lab lub foob pob tawg loj thiab cov pa luam yeeb.

React rau-barreled mortars tau nquag siv rau ntawm Soviet-German pem hauv ntej. Ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob, tau ua haujlwm nrog 4th Lub Hom Phiaj Tshwj Xeeb Tshwj Xeeb, los ntawm thawj teev ntawm kev ua tsov rog lawv tau siv los tua lub Brest Fortress thiab tua ntau dua 2,800 lub foob pob zeb tawg loj.

Duab
Duab

Thaum tua los ntawm 150-mm rau rau-barreled mortar, lub plhaub tau muab txoj kev pom kom pom tseeb ntawm cov pa luam yeeb, muab qhov chaw ntawm txoj haujlwm tua.

Muab hais tias German MLRS yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb rau peb cov phom loj, qhov no yog lawv qhov teeb meem loj.

210-mm foob pob zeb cug 21 cm Nb. W. 42

Xyoo 1942, lub 210-mm tsib-barreled 21 cm Nb. W lub foob pob hluav taws tau pib ua haujlwm. 42. Rau kev tua los ntawm nws tau siv dav hlau mines 21 cm Wurfgranate, ruaj khov hauv kev ya los ntawm kev sib hloov. Raws li nrog 150 mm foob pob hluav taws, lub taub 210 hli foob pob hluav taws, nyob ntawm ib lub kaum sab xis mus rau lub cev ntawm lub cev, ua kom nws muaj kev sib hloov.

Cov txheej txheem, 210-mm 21 cm Nb. W. 42. muaj ntau yam zoo ib yam nrog 15 cm Nb. W. 41 thiab tau teeb tsa lub phom phom zoo sib xws. Hauv txoj haujlwm tua, qhov hnyav ntawm kev teeb tsa yog 1100 kg, hauv qhov chaw khaws cia - 605 kg.

Lub ntaus pob tau raug rho tawm tsis pub dhau 8 vib nas this, rov thawb lub pob zeb siv li 90 feeb. Tus nqi hmoov hauv lub tshuab dav hlau tau hlawv tawm hauv 1, 8 s, ua kom lub zog nrawm mus txog 320 m / s, uas tau muab dav dav dav ntawm 7850 m.

Lub dav hlau me, hauv lub taub hau uas muaj txog 28.6 kg ntawm TNT lossis amatol, tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.

Duab
Duab

Yog tias tsim nyog, muaj qhov ua tau ntawm kev tua ib lub plhaub, uas ua rau nws yooj yim rau xoom hauv. Tsis tas li, nrog kev pab tshwj xeeb ntxig, nws tuaj yeem tua 150-mm lub plhaub los ntawm 15 cm Nb. W. rau-rau-barreled mortar. 41. Yog tias tsim nyog, ib pab neeg ntawm 6 leej tuaj yeem yob 21 cm Nebelwerfer 42 hla qhov kev ncua deb.

Duab
Duab

Tsib-barreled kev teeb tsa tau nquag siv los ntawm cov neeg German txog rau hnub kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.

Hauv tag nrho, ntau dua 1,550 rub MLRS ntawm hom no tau tsim. Hais txog kev pabcuam, kev ua haujlwm thiab tus yam ntxwv sib ntaus, 21 cm Nb. W. 42 tuaj yeem suav tias yog German MLRS zoo tshaj plaws siv thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.

Pob zeb cug 28/32 cm Nebelwerfer 41

Hauv thawj lub sijhawm ua tsov rog, thaum siv kev sib ntaus ntawm 150-mm rau-barreled foob pob hluav taws, nws tau tawm tias lawv qhov kev tua ntau nyob rau feem ntau thaum lub sijhawm muab kev txhawb nqa hluav taws ncaj qha ntau dhau thaum tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab sab xub ntiag.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov xav tau kom nce lub zog ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws, txij li hauv 150-hli dav hlau dav hlau, feem ntau ntawm lub ntim sab hauv tau nyob nrog roj dav hlau. Hauv qhov no, siv lub cav tsim tawm zoo ntawm 150-mm projectile 15 cm Wurfgranete, ob lub foob pob hluav taws loj loj.

Duab
Duab

Lub 280-mm siab-tawg tawg foob pob tawg tau ntim nrog 45, 4 kg ntawm cov khoom tawg.

Nrog kev ntaus ncaj ntawm cov mos txwv hauv lub tsev cib, nws tau raug puas tsuaj tag nrho, thiab qhov ua rau tuag ntawm cov tawg tawg nyob deb ntawm ntau dua 400 m. Lub taub hau ntawm 320-mm lub foob pob hluav taws tau ntim nrog 50 litres ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. (cov roj av) thiab muaj lub foob pob tawg uas hnyav 1 kg. Lub foob pob hluav taws, thaum siv hauv thaj chaw muaj neeg nyob lossis hauv thaj chaw ntoo, tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws kub ntawm thaj tsam 150-200 m².

Txij li qhov hnyav thiab rub ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws tshiab tau nce siab dua li ntawm 15 cm Wurfgranete 150 mm projectile, qhov kev sib tua tau txo los ntawm peb zaug. Thiab nws yog 1950-2200 m nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws projectile ceev ntawm 150-155 m / s. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tua tau tsuas yog ntawm cov hom phiaj ntawm kab ntawm kev sib cuag thiab nyob tom qab tam sim ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.

Duab
Duab

Lub foob pob hluav taws yooj yim tau tsim los tso tawm cov foob pob tawg loj thiab tawg.

Ob-tier chim truss tau txuas rau lub log tsheb uas muaj lub txaj thav duab ruaj khov. Cov lus qhia ua kom nws tuaj yeem them nqi 280-mm siab-tawg (28 cm Wurfkorper Spreng) thiab 320-mm lub foob pob hluav taws (32 cm Wurfkorper Flam) cov foob pob.

Qhov hnyav ntawm kev tshem tawm qhov kev teeb tsa yog 500 kg, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ywj pheej yob nws ntawm tshav rog los ntawm cov neeg coob. Kev sib ntaus hnyav ntawm kev teeb tsa, nyob ntawm seb hom cuaj luaj siv: 1600-1650 kg. Txoj haujlwm tua kab rov tav yog 22 °, lub kaum sab xis nce yog 45 °. Lub dav hlau ntawm 6 lub cuaj luaj tau siv 10 s, thiab tuaj yeem thauj rov qab rau hauv 180 s.

Duab
Duab

Thaum ua tsov rog, cov neeg German tau txiav txim siab tsis tsim cov 320-mm lub foob pob hluav taws vim lawv tsis ua haujlwm tau zoo. Ib qho ntxiv, lub cev-phab ntsa ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab, lawv feem ntau xau thiab tsoo thaum tso tawm.

Hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm tag nrho cov roj tsis txaus, nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev ua siab phem, tus yeeb ncuab txiav txim siab tias nws tsis muaj laj thawj siv nws los ua kom lub foob pob tawg.

Cov phom uas rub tawm 28/32 cm Nebelwerfer 41 raug rho tawm 320 units. Lawv kuj raug xa mus tsim cov foob pob ua ntxaij foob pob ua ntxaij. 280-mm thiab 320-mm foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem siv tau yam tsis tau rub lub foob pob hluav taws. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los khawb tawm txoj haujlwm pib. Cov pob zeb me me hauv cov thawv ntawm 1-4 tau nyob ntawm qhov chaw nqes hav ntawm cov av saum cov ntoo ntoo.

Duab
Duab

Cov foob pob hluav taws tso tawm thaum ntxov feem ntau tsis tawm ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm nrog lawv. Txij li cov thawv ntoo tau nce ntau ntxiv aerodynamic rub, thaj tsam ntawm hluav taws tau txo qis. Thiab muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lawv cov koog.

Cov ntas nyob hauv txoj haujlwm ruaj khov tau hloov pauv sai sai los ntawm "cov khoom siv hnyav" (schweres Wurfgerat). Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj-qhia (plaub daim) raug teeb tsa ntawm lub teeb thav duab hlau lossis tshuab ntoo. Lub thav duab tuaj yeem nyob ntawm cov ces kaum sib txawv, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab PU lub kaum sab xis nce ntawm 5 txog 42 degrees.

Qhov hnyav sib ntaus ntawm ntoo sWG 40, thauj nrog 280-mm cuaj luaj, yog 500 kg. Nrog 320 mm mos txwv - 488 kg. Rau cov hlau xa hluav taws xob sWG 41, cov yam ntxwv no yog 558 thiab 548 kg, feem.

Duab
Duab

Lub ntaus pob tau raug rho tawm haujlwm rau 6 s, rov nrawm dua yog 180 s.

Cov kev pom tau zoo heev thaum xub thawj thiab suav nrog tsuas yog tus kws cog lus pom zoo. Kev suav tsis tu ncua rau kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kev teeb tsa yooj yim no tsis tau sawv tawm: ib tus tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem tua hluav taws los ntawm sWG 40/41.

Thawj qhov kev siv loj ntawm 28/32 cm Nebelwerfer 41 kev teeb tsa tau tshwm sim rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob thaum lub caij ntuj sov German tawm tsam xyoo 1942. Lawv tau siv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sijhawm Sevastopol raug kaw.

Vim tias muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws, lawv tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "creak" thiab "nees luav" los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Lwm lub npe sib tham yog "Vanyusha" (los ntawm kev sib piv nrog "Katyusha").

Duab
Duab

Coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias cov yeeb ncuab tau siv ntau lub foob pob ua ntxaij tshuab, lawv feem ntau raug ntes nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo los ntawm peb cov neeg tua rog.

Duab
Duab

Kev teeb tsa siv cov phom German rau-phom sib tsoo hauv Red Army tau teeb tsa thaum pib xyoo 1943, thaum thawj lub roj teeb tau tsim.

Duab
Duab

Txhawm rau kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov chav nrog ntes cov foob pob hluav taws, tau sau thiab nruab nrab suav cov mos txwv tau teeb tsa. Thiab cov rooj tua tau muab txhais ua lus Lavxias.

Duab
Duab

Pom tau tias, peb cov tub rog ntes tsib-barreled 210-mm 21 cm Nebelwerfer 42 cug ntau tsawg dua li 150-mm rau-barreled 15 cm Wurfgranete.

Nws tsis muaj peev xwm nrhiav pom cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv siv niaj hnub hauv Red Army.

Kev teeb tsa cov khoom sib cais sib txawv tuaj yeem txuas nrog rau cov koomhaum Soviet ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab faib phom loj.

Nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1942, nyob hauv ib puag ncig Leningrad, kev tsim cov dav hlau dav hlau pib, raws li lawv tsim, rov hais dua German 28 cm Wurfkorper Spreng thiab 32 cm Wurfkorper Flam.

Lawv tau pib los ntawm kev teeb tsa thav duab nqa tau yooj yim thiab haum zoo rau kev ua tsov rog hauv trench.

Lub taub hau ntawm M-28 lub foob pob tawg loj tau ntim nrog lub foob pob tawg raws li ammonium nitrate. Cov hluav taws kub me me M-32 tau nchuav nrog cov hluav taws sib txuas ua kom tawg ntawm cov roj ua kom huv, qhov ua kom tsis sib haum ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov me me ntawm cov khoom tawg tau muab tso rau hauv ib khob dawb phosphorus.

Tab sis lub foob pob hluav taws 320-hli foob pob hluav taws me me, uas ua rau pom qhov ua tau zoo tsawg, tau tso tawm me ntsis. Ntau tshaj 10,000 chav nyob ntawm 280-mm siab-foob pob tawg tau tsim hauv Leningrad.

Txawm hais tias cov neeg German tso ob peb 28/32 cm Nebelwerfer 41 rub lub foob pob, lawv, nrog rau 280 thiab 320-mm foob pob hluav taws me me, kuj tau dhau los ua rog ntawm pab tub rog liab thiab tau siv tawm tsam lawv tus tswv qub. Ntau ntxiv, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ntes cov txheej txheem tsim los tso cov foob pob hluav taws los hauv av.

Piv txwv li, hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm xa los ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm 347th Rifle Division mus rau lub chaw ua haujlwm ntawm 10 Rifle Corps (1st Baltic Front) thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1945, nws tau hais txog kev siv 280 thiab 320-mm TMA (hnyav projectiles)) los tua cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm.

Txij li thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1944, txhua ntawm peb lub phom phom ntawm 347th faib muaj "TMA roj teeb". Cov kev teeb tsa tau nquag siv los ua "phom nomadic" rau ib qho salvo nrog kev hloov pauv tom ntej ntawm txoj haujlwm tua.

Nws tau sau tseg tias kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg tiv thaiv cov tub rog German npaj rau kev tawm tsam tau zoo tshwj xeeb. Ntxiv rau qhov poob peev hauv qhov peev txheej, kev ua ntawm TMA tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov yeeb ncuab cov neeg ua haujlwm. Daim ntawv qhia tias thaum lub sijhawm tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam txij lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1944 txog Lub Peb Hlis 1945, kev faib faib siv 320 lub foob pob.

Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1945, cov lus txib ntawm 49th Army (2nd Belorussian Front) tau tshaj tawm qhov kev txiav txim uas cov thawj ntawm cov phom loj ntawm cov tub rog thiab kev faib ua haujlwm tau qhia kom siv cov foob pob hluav taws tua los tua cov ntsiab lus tiv thaiv yeeb ncuab, tiv thaiv lub tank thiab xaim teeb meem.

Qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg uas German "Fog Throwers" tau koom nrog yog kev ua tsov rog ntawm Kaus Lim Kauslim.

Ob peb lub kaum ntes 15 cm Nb. W. 41 tau raug pov tseg los ntawm pab tub rog North Kauslim thiab Suav Cov Neeg Tuaj Pab Dawb.

Hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm Asmeskas huab cua zoo dua thiab thaj chaw toj roob hauv pes, German rau-rau-barreled foob pob hluav taws, uas muaj cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo, ua pov thawj zoo dua li Soviet Katyushas.

Cov kev teeb tsa uas rub tau tuaj yeem rub tawm los ntawm cov zog ntawm kev suav thiab siv kev sib tw nees. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev cog lus German German MLRS tau yooj yim dua rau camouflage ntau dua li Soviet BM-13N foob pob hluav taws sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom.

Hauv tebchaws DPRK, tshuaj xyuas lub peev xwm ntawm cov riam phom no, lawv tau pib tso cov mos txwv rau cov foob pob tawg.

Txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua phem rau hauv Kaus Lim Qab Teb, cov kws tshaj lij Soviet tau sau tseg qhov ua tau zoo ntawm riam phom no hauv thaj chaw ntxhib.

Pom zoo: