Capella Space Txhua Qhov Pom Qhov Muag: Harbinger ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm Satellite

Cov txheej txheem:

Capella Space Txhua Qhov Pom Qhov Muag: Harbinger ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm Satellite
Capella Space Txhua Qhov Pom Qhov Muag: Harbinger ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm Satellite

Video: Capella Space Txhua Qhov Pom Qhov Muag: Harbinger ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm Satellite

Video: Capella Space Txhua Qhov Pom Qhov Muag: Harbinger ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm Satellite
Video: Tiam no Tsis yog wb Tiam - Tsom Xyooj Nkauj Tawm Tshiab 2022 - 2023 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim
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Tsis ntev los no, peb tau txiav txim siab lub peev xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw los txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov dav hlau thauj neeg tawm tsam. Tshwj xeeb, tus sau tau hais txog qhov kev xav txog kev tsim yav tom ntej ntawm "lub hnub qub" ntawm cov hnub qub uas muaj kev saib xyuas tsis zoo thiab pheej yig, muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw qis thiab muaj peev xwm hloov pauv cov hnub qub loj thiab kim cov neeg soj xyuas. Ib yam dab tsi zoo sib xws twb tau tshwm sim nrog kev sib txuas xov tooj cua ua tsaug rau Space X thiab nws Starlink ntiaj teb kev kub ceev satellite Internet project.

Raws li tus sau qhov kev xav, thev naus laus zis siv rau kev tsim kho loj thiab xa tawm ntawm Starlink lub hnub qub tuaj yeem siv tom qab siv rau kev tsim kho lub hnub qub saib xyuas. Qee tus neeg tawm tsam tau tawm tsam qhov no tias kev soj ntsuam lub hnub qub yuav loj dua, nyuaj dua thiab kim dua. Thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau lub hnub qub radar soj ntsuam lub hnub qub, uas yog qhov kev txaus siab tshaj plaws, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm ntawm hnub thiab nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm huab cua.

Zoo, lub neej yav tom ntej tuaj sai dua li tus neeg sau xav. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, lub neej tom ntej no tsis tuaj rau txhua tus.

Qhov chaw Capella

Tsim muaj xyoo 2016, Asmeskas lub tuam txhab Capella Space, nyob hauv San Francisco, California, lub hom phiaj muab cov neeg siv thoob ntiaj teb nrog lub peev xwm kom tau txais kev daws teeb meem kev lag luam radar duab ntawm ntiaj chaw saum npoo av.

Capella Chaw npaj npaj xa 36 lub hnub qub nruab nrog lub qhov hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob radar. Nws tau kwv yees tias qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub satellite yuav yog li 40 kilograms. Lub kaw lus yuav tsum tso cai kom tau txais cov duab radar (RL) ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 50 centimeters.

Ntxiv mus, xav tias lub kaw lus muaj peev xwm tau txais cov duab nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 25 centimeters thiab siab dua, tab sis lub sijhawm no rau cov neeg siv pej xeem tseem raug txwv los ntawm Asmeskas txoj cai.

Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2018, Capella Chaw tau pib nws thawj qhov kev sim satellite, Denali, mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Kev tshaj tawm tau ua tiav siv SpaceX Falcon 9 lub tsheb pib los ntawm Vandenberg Air Force Base (California).

Denali satellite tau tsim los ntsuas kev tsim qauv thiab thev naus laus zis. RL cov duab los ntawm nws tsis tau muag. Tab sis lawv tau siv rau kev sim sab hauv thiab nyiam cov tub ua lag luam thiab cov neeg muaj peev xwm. Tom qab tshaj tawm, Denali lub xov tooj cua tau xa lub vev xaib kav hlau txais xov hloov pauv tau npog thaj tsam li 8 metres.

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Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2020, thawj lub hnub qub ua haujlwm satellite, Sequoia, tau pib, uas twb muaj peev xwm muab cov duab radar ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam. Kev tshaj tawm mus rau hauv lub hnub qub tau ua los ntawm RN Electron ntawm lub tuam txhab American aerospace ntiav Rocket Lab.

Qhov hnyav ntawm Sequoia satellite yog 107 kg. Nws muaj 400 metres ntawm cov xov hlau thiab xov hlau txuas ntau tshaj ib puas lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Lub software suav nrog ntau dua 250,000 kab ntawm C code, hla 10,000 kab ntawm Python code, thiab ntau dua 500,000 kab ntawm FPGA code.

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Nrog rau qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 525 mais thiab lub hnub qub nyiam ntawm 45 degrees, Sequoia tuaj yeem muab cov neeg siv khoom nrog cov duab radar hauv cheeb tsam xws li Middle East, Kauslim, Nyij Pooj, Europe, Southeast Asia, Africa thiab Tebchaws Meskas.

Txog thaum xaus xyoo 2020, nws tau npaj yuav tshaj tawm ob lub Sequoia RN Falcon 9 lub hnub qub mus rau hauv qhov chaw los ntawm SpaceX. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws tau npaj kom tso tawm tsawg kawg xya lub hnub qub ntawm hom no.

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Nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov kev daws teeb meem siab tshaj plaws ntawm thaj chaw tau xaiv rau kev tshuaj xyuas yog muab thaum lub duab radar raug nthuav tawm txog li 60 vib nas this, uas Sequoia lub hnub qub tau teeb tsa nrog cov txheej txheem kev siv tshuab ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov. Kev tshem tawm hauv dav hlau yuav qis dua. Synthetic aperture hom tso cai rau 3D topography thiab cov ntsiab lus txhais.

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Nws tau kwv yees tias lub hnub qub kawg ntawm 36 lub hnub qub yuav muab cov duab ntawm ib feem ntawm ntiaj chaw nrog lub sijhawm tsis pub dhau ib teev.

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Capella Space's Sequoia satellite tau tsim hauv 4 xyoos los ntawm pab pawg ntawm 100 tus neeg.

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Capella Space twb tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus rau kev muab cov ntaub ntawv teev xwm txheej nrog Asmeskas tsoomfwv cov chaw haujlwm.

Tshwj xeeb, xyoo 2019, kev pom zoo tau kos npe nrog Asmeskas Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Tebchaws (NRO) txhawm rau muab cov duab radar coj mus muag tau los ntawm Capella Space satellites nrog lub xeev NRO lub chaw saib xyuas lub hnub qub.

Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2019, Asmeskas Tub Rog Tub Rog (Tub Rog Tub Rog) tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog Capella Chaw txhawm rau teeb tsa lub tuam txhab cov duab mus rau hauv Air Force virtual kev muaj tiag software (tejzaum nws hais txog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws 3D daim duab qhia chaw rau kev ya dav hlau).

Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 13, 2020, daim ntawv cog lus tau kos npe nrog Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg txhawm rau muab cov ntaub ntawv huab cua nkag los ntawm huab cua mus rau US Navy. Capella tseem yuav muab Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg nrog rau cov kev pabcuam hauv tsev los txheeb xyuas qhov kev tshawb pom.

Thiab thaum Lub Rau Hli 25, 2020 Capella Space tshaj tawm kos npe rau Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Txhim Kho (CRADA) nrog Asmeskas Lub Tebchaws Geospatial Agency (NGA). Daim ntawv cog lus CRADA yuav muab Capella Chaw nkag mus rau NGA cov kws tshawb fawb kom nkag siab tob txog cov teeb meem. Rov qab los, NGA tau nkag mus rau Capella Space qhov kev xav thiab kev pabcuam tshuaj xyuas. Qhov no yog thawj qhov kev pom zoo CRADA ntawm NGA thiab lub tuam txhab lag luam muab cov duab los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob radar satellites.

Tau kawg, Capella Space lub hnub qub tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov sib piv ncaj qha ntawm cov xov tooj cua tshawb nrhiav ntse thiab kim tshaj tawm los ntawm cov thawj coj ua tub rog-muaj hwj chim. Tab sis lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm no.

Ib lub tuam txhab 100 tus neeg tau tsim thiab tsim cov hnub qub uas muaj peev xwm tau txais cov duab radar daws teeb meem siab. Lub tuam txhab no npaj yuav siv lub hnub qub ntawm 36 lub hnub qub zoo li no. Qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov hnub qub no tso cai rau lawv muab tso rau hauv orbit hauv pawg, ib yam li Starlink kev sib txuas lus lub hnub qub. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau tsis tsuas yog txhim kho lawv cov pab pawg hauv qhov chaw nrawm, tab sis kuj tseem tso lawv sai, yog tias tsim nyog, nrog cov tsheb nruab nrab nruab nrab.

Yog tias tsuas yog lub tuam txhab pib ntiag tug muaj peev xwm ua qhov no? Muaj pes tsawg lub lossis zoo ib yam lub hnub qub tuaj yeem US Department of Defense tso tawm yog tsim nyog?

Los ntawm txoj kev, Capella Space tsis yog tib lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm hauv txoj kev qhia no.

ICEYE

Lub tuam txhab Finnish ICEYE tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 2014 raws li kev koom tes ntawm Aalto University, Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Xov Tooj Cua Tshuab.

Txij li xyoo 2019, ICEYE tau muab cov kev pabcuam kom tau txais kev daws teeb meem kev lag luam duab radar tau txais kev siv peb tus tswv lub hnub qub. Thawj lub ICEYE-X2 lub hnub qub tau tshaj tawm rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 3, 2018 los ntawm SpaceX's Falcon 9 lub tsheb pib, thiab ob lub hnub qub ntxiv tau pib rau lub Xya Hli 5, 2019.

Nws tau kwv yees tias nrog kev lag luam ua tiav ntawm txoj haujlwm, ntau lub hnub qub yuav raug tshaj tawm txhua xyoo.

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Qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub satellite yog 85 kg. Nws tau nruab nrog ion thrusters txhawm rau kho nws lub orbit. Kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov duab radar yog 0, 25x0, 5, 1x1 lossis 3x3 meters, qhov sib dhos raug yog 10 meters, kev sib txuas lus channel nrawm yog 140 megabits ib ob. Orbital qhov siab yog 570 kilometers, inclination 97.69 degrees.

Ntiaj chaw Labs

Asmeskas lub tuam txhab Planet Labs, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 2010, tsim thiab tsim khoom CubeSat-type microsatellites hu ua Dove, uas tau xa mus rau hauv qhov chaw raws li lub luag haujlwm pabcuam rau lwm txoj haujlwm.

Txhua lub Dove satellite tau nruab nrog lub xeev-ntawm-tus-kos duab kho qhov muag pom qhov system programmed los soj ntsuam qhov sib txawv ntawm lub Ntiaj Teb. Txhua lub Dove soj ntsuam satellite txuas ntxiv mus ntsuas lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av, xa cov ntaub ntawv tom qab hla dhau qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv av.

Thawj ob qhov kev sim Dove satellites tau pib rau xyoo 2013.

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Tom qab tau txais lub tuam txhab German BlackBridge AG, Lub Ntiaj Teb Labs cov hnub qub sib tw tau nthuav dav nrog RapidEye lub hnub qub. Thiab tom qab tau txais TerraBella los ntawm Google kuj los ntawm lub hnub qub SkySat.

Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2015, Planet Labs tau tso 87 Dove satellites thiab 5 RapidEye satellites mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Xyoo 2017, Ntiaj Teb tau tshaj tawm 88 lub hnub qub Dove ntau dua. Txog lub Cuaj Hlis 2018, lub tuam txhab tau tshaj tawm txog 300 lub hnub qub ntau dua, 150 ntawm cov uas tau ua haujlwm. Xyoo 2020, Planet Labs tau tshaj tawm rau qhov kev daws teeb meem siab ntxiv SkySats thiab 35 Dove satellites.

Dove satellites hnyav 4 kg. Lawv qhov ntev yog 10x10x30 centimeters, qhov siab qhov siab yog 400 kilometers.

Lub hnub qub muab cov duab nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 3-5 meters.

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RapidEye satellites tsawg dua ib cubic meter hauv qhov loj thiab hnyav 150 kg, nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 630 kilometers, muab cov duab nrog daws teeb meem ntawm 5 meters siv lub ntsej muag ntau lub ntsej muag hauv xiav (440-510 nm), ntsuab (520-590 nm)), nyob ze liab (630 –690 nm), liab liab (690-730 nm) thiab ze ze infrared (760-880 nm) qhov ntev yoj yoj.

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Lub hnub qub SkySat muab cov vis dis aus daws teeb meem me-meter. Lawv cov qauv tsim yog ua raws kev siv cov khoom pheej yig, muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua lag luam.

Lub hnub qub SkySat ntev txog 80 cm thiab hnyav txog 100 kg.

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SkySat cov hnub qub nyob hauv qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 450 kilometers thiab tau nruab nrog ntau lub ntsej muag thiab panchromatic sensors. Qhov kev daws teeb meem hauv thaj tsam panchromatic ntawm 400-900 nm yog 0.9 meters.

Lub ntsej muag ntau lub ntsej muag sib sau cov ntaub ntawv hauv xiav (450-515 nm), ntsuab (515-595 nm), liab (605-695 nm) thiab ze ze infrared (740-900 nm) ib puag ncig nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 2 meters.

Peb puas muaj tej yam zoo sib xws?

Lavxias tus kheej cosmonautics

Kev ua tiav ntawm Lavxias tus kheej cosmonautics muaj ntau dua qub.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, ib tus tuaj yeem nco qab lub tuam txhab SPUTNIX tau tsim hauv xyoo 2011, uas xyoo 2014 tau pib ua thawj tus kheej Lavxias tus kheej microsatellite thev naus laus zis ua yeeb yam Tablettsat-Aurora rau hauv ntiaj teb qis hauv ntiaj teb nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 26 kilograms.

Raws li lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, lub tsheb tau nruab nrog lub koob yees duab panchromatic txhawm rau tua lub ntiaj teb saum npoo hauv pawg spectral band 430-950 nm nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 15 meters thiab qhov dav dav ntawm 47 kilometers.

Capella Space Qhov Pom Txhua Qhov Muag: Harbinger ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm Satellite
Capella Space Qhov Pom Txhua Qhov Muag: Harbinger ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm Satellite

Tsis tas li, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm nanosatellites tau tsim los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tau pib.

Ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev txhim kho, lub ultra-compact satellite rau kev hnov deb ntawm lub ntiaj teb RBIKRAFT-ZORKIY tuaj yeem sau tseg.

Nws qhov hnyav yuav yog 10, 5 kilograms. Kev tshaj tawm tau teem sijhawm rau xyoo 2021.

Cov cuab yeej yuav nqa lub koob yees duab tsom iav nrog daws teeb meem ntawm 6, 6 meters ib pixel, tsim los ntawm NPO Lepton. Lub koob yees duab tau nruab nrog lub tshuab cua sov kom ruaj khov thiab tsom mus rau qhov system, nrog rau cov cuab yeej nco ua hauv, uas tso cai tua ntawm qhov xav tau, yam tsis tau khi rau kev txais chaw nres tsheb.

Qhov kwv yees kwv yees qhov siab ntawm RBIKRAFT-ZORKY lub hnub qub yuav yog 550 km nrog lub siab ntawm 98 degrees.

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Lwm lub tuam txhab yog NPP Dauria Aerospace, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 2011 thiab yog ib ntawm thawj lub tuam txhab Lavxias tsim thiab tshaj tawm lub hnub qub lag luam.

Thaum Lub Xya Hli 8, 2014, Dauria Aerospay tau tshaj tawm thawj lub hnub qub ntawm DX series nruab nrog kev them nyiaj rau kev txais thiab xa cov paib los ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Tsis Siv Neeg, tsim los rau kev taw qhia thiab cim cov nkoj hauv Ntiaj Teb Dej Hiav Txwv thiab ntawm cov kab dej.

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Ob lub hnub qub PERSEUS-M1 thiab PERSEUS-M2 tau muag rau Asmeskas Aquila Space thaum kawg ntawm 2015.

Hauv tib lub xyoo 2015, Mikhail Kokorich, tus tsim ntawm NPP Dauria Aerospay LLC, muag nws cov nyiaj hauv tuam txhab thiab tau tsiv mus nyob Tebchaws Meskas.

Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, peb lag hauv kev lag luam satellites los ntawm cov teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb yog kwv yees li 10-15 xyoo.

Raws li txoj cai, muaj cov tuam txhab tsim cov khoom siv rau lub hnub qub - lub tshuab ion, lub ntsuas cua, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tab sis kev tsim cov chaw tsim khoom uas tsim cov khoom lag luam zaum kawg - thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis siab - qee yam tsis loj hlob ua ke.

Peb muaj qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws nrog tso tsheb. Feem ntau, peb tsis muaj dab tsi piv rau Spaсe X lossis Capella Space tseem.

lus xaus

Kev lag luam ntawm qhov chaw tab tom tsim los ntawm tus nqi siab tshaj plaws, ob qho tib si hais txog kev tso cov khoom thauj mus rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab hais txog kev tsim cov khoom siv dag ntiaj teb lub hnub qub rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias kev hloov pauv ntawm kev lag luam ntawm qhov chaw tau hais tseg thaum pib ntawm 2000s thiab tau dhau los ua tawg nyob rau kaum xyoo dhau los. Ua ke ua ke, qhov no tau tso cai tshwm sim ntawm cov cuab yeej, thev naus laus zis thiab kev pabcuam uas tsis ntev los no nkag mus tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev lag luam, tab sis tseem rau tsoomfwv cov neeg siv khoom.

Hauv lub teeb pom kev no, kev cia siab los ntawm Asmeskas kev ua tub rog ntawm ntau pua lossis ntau txhiab tus neeg tshawb nrhiav thiab sib txuas xov tooj cua, thiab yav tom ntej kuj tseem muaj lub hnub qub tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv foob pob hluav taws (ABM), tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntxiv lawm

Qhov no txhais li cas rau peb hauv cov lus siv?

Nws tuaj yeem sib cav tau tias los ntawm qee lub sijhawm, raws li kev nce tus lej ntawm kev soj ntsuam lub hnub qub ntawm ntau chav kawm thiab lub hom phiaj raug xa mus, nrog rau lawv cov yam ntxwv kev txhim kho, nws yuav dhau los ua tsis tau kom tsis txhob pom ntau hom riam phom los ntawm qhov chaw

Lub peev xwm kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb, puag ncig lub moos thiab txhua lub sijhawm huab cua cov ntaub ntawv, ntawm lub sijhawm ntsuas ze rau qhov tiag, yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tawm tsam nrog cov cuab yeej muaj tseeb thiab lub dav hlau tsis muaj neeg tsav tsheb (UAVs) mus rau tag nrho qhov tob ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lub tebchaws, tsis yog nyob ruaj ruaj, tabsis tseem nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm tes, rov ua lub hom phiaj riam phom ntawm lub davhlau.

Nyob rau hauv kev hem thawj yuav yog lub xov tooj cua hauv av raws li cov txheej txheem foob pob hluav taws (PGRK), uas yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv nuclear (SNF), thiab cov nkoj saum npoo av ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm yuav plam lub sijhawm me ntsis kom poob hauv qhov tob ntawm dej hiav txwv, uas txhais tau hais tias cov yeeb ncuab lub dav hlau dav hlau yuav ib txwm muaj lub hauv paus thiab yuav tuaj yeem muab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov rog rau kev tawm tsam nrog cov foob pob tiv thaiv nkoj (ASM), txaus los kov yeej kev tiv thaiv huab cua (tiv thaiv huab cua) of aircraft carrier and naval strike groups (AUG and KUG).

Yog tias Tebchaws Meskas raug cai raug cai muag cov duab los ntawm qhov chaw nrog qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm 50 centimeters, tom qab ntawv muaj kev daws teeb meem dab tsi rau cov tub rog - 25, 10 centimeters lossis tsawg dua?

Nrog rau cov duab zoo no, tsis muaj lub kaum tsom iav yuav pab tau. Piv txwv li, thaum tawm tsam cov nkoj, lawv qhov kev kuaj pom thawj zaug tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm 3-5 meters, tom qab ntawd kev txheeb xyuas yuav ua tiav nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 50 centimeters lossis tsawg dua. Thiab tom qab ntawd, tom qab tshaj tawm txoj kev tiv thaiv lub nkoj tiv thaiv lub nkoj, cov nkoj tuaj yeem taug qab thiab lawv cov kev sib txuas tau xa ncaj qha mus rau lub foob pob tiv thaiv nkoj ntawm lub xov tooj cua sib txuas lus satellite (rov xav txog hauv davhlau).

Ib tug neeg yuav hais tias vim li cas thiaj tsis siv hluav taws xob ua rog?

Lawv tuaj yeem daws qee qhov teeb meem, tab sis tsis yog txhua qhov. Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ua rog nws tus kheej yog "lub teeb" rau tus yeeb ncuab; nws tsis tuaj yeem siv lawv tas li. Ib qho ntxiv, cov cuab yeej siv tshawb nrhiav qhov muag tseem nyob.

Nws yog qhov ua haujlwm tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig kev lag luam los rhuav tshem lub network ntawm lub hnub qub me me los ntawm qhov chaw - nws muaj peev xwm ua kom rov ua tiav pab pawg ntawm lub hnub qub me me uas tsis muaj nyiaj txiag poob ntau dua li tua lawv nrog cov foob pob tiv thaiv. Qhov no xav tau cov chaw tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam cov peev xwm ntawm kev tswj hwm nruj thiab nyob hauv qhov chaw mus ntev ntev, kom ntseeg tau qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntau lub hom phiaj.

Thiab tsis txhob cia siab rau qhov kev xav tsis sib xws txog "lub thoob ntawm cov txiv ntoo hauv qhov chaw."Kev lag luam tag nrho ntawm lub ntiaj teb yuav tsis tuaj yeem thauj "cov noob txiv" mus rau hauv qhov chaw hauv qhov nyiaj txaus los rhuav tshem lub hnub qub.

"Raws li European Chaw Haujlwm Chaw Haujlwm, muaj ntau dua 29,000 cov khib nyiab loj nyob ib puag ncig peb lub ntiaj teb, los ntawm 4-nti daim hlau mus rau tag nrho cov uas tsis muaj nyob hauv lub hnub qub thiab tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm cov roj siv. Ntxiv txog 670,000 daim hlau nruab nrab ntawm 1 txog 10 centimeters loj, kwv yees li 170 lab xim xim, thiab suav tsis txheeb ntau lab ntawm cov dej txias txias thiab cov hmoov av tsawg dua li ib centimeter loj."

Txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov hnub qub me me thiab cov thev naus laus zis tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv feem ntau yuav ua rau rov pib ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm orbital foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm "pob zeb diamond pebble" yam, uas, suav nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm US SNF.

Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ntau tau hais txog qhov tseeb tias xyoo pua 21st yuav yog xyoo pua ntawm kev muaj tiag, nano- thiab biotechnology. Qhov chaw, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau dhau los ua "niaj hnub thov", koom nrog qee yam xws li TV satellite.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tuam txhab ntiag tug nrog lub hom phiaj xav tau thiab cov phiaj xwm hloov pauv txhua yam. Thiab qhov chaw rov pom nws tus kheej ntawm qhov ua ntej ntawm kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis.

Qhov chaw tsis yog tsuas yog phiaj xwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb thiab nthuav dav ntawm tib neeg mus rau thaj chaw tshiab, tab sis kuj yog lub hauv paus hauv kev ntseeg kom ruaj ntseg ntawm lub xeev. Twb tau tam sim no, yam tsis tau txais qhov kom zoo dua, lossis tsawg kawg sib npaug hauv qhov chaw sab nrauv, ib qho av, huab cua thiab dej hiav txwv yuav tuag. Yav tom ntej, qhov xwm txheej no tsuas yog yuav ua phem zuj zus tuaj.

Qhov no ua rau cov phiaj xwm tsim kev cog lus tso tsheb thiab lub dav hlau rau ntau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv peb lub tebchaws.

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