Hauv kab lus Nto nkoj: txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lub nkoj foob pob tawg thiab Nto nkoj: kom tsis txhob foob pob tiv thaiv nkoj, peb tshuaj xyuas txoj hauv kev kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev cog lus cog nkoj (NK) los ntawm cov foob pob tiv thaiv nkoj (ASM). Torpedo riam phom ua rau tsis muaj tsawg dua, tab sis hauv qee txoj kev muaj kev hem thawj ntau dua rau NK. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws ua rau muaj kev hem thawj ntau tshaj plaws rau cov nkoj dhia dej thiab cov nkoj ib nrab.
Qhov kev hem thawj no yuav tsum tau sib ntaus, thiab muaj ntau txoj hauv kev siv thiab cog lus tias yuav tiv thaiv riam phom torpedo.
Lub hom phiaj cuav
Ib yam li cov foob pob tiv thaiv nkoj, cov torpedoes tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam. Lub hom phiaj cuav tuaj yeem sib txawv - cuam tshuam nrog kev pab tshwj xeeb ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws thiab raug rho tawm los ntawm cov raj torpedo, txav mus, ua rau tus kheej thiab rub.
Ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tshaj lij thiab ua haujlwm ntau yam ntawm hom no yog ATDS (Advanced Torpedo Defense System) tsim los ntawm Raphael, uas suav nrog lub chaw nres tsheb sonar (GAS) txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov torpedoes, ATC-1 / ATC-2 towed modules, pov tseg torpedo destroyers Torbuster, decoys Scutter, Subscut thiab Lescut.
Hauv ntau cov ntawv tshaj tawm ob qho ntawm Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Tub Rog thiab lwm yam peev txheej, nws tau hais txog qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev pabcuam nrog Lavxias Navy (Navy). Pom tseeb, kev tshem tawm lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv torpedo yog cov khoom nyuaj ntau dua li cov ntxiab tsim los cuam tshuam RCC, uas nyob rau hauv qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws tuaj yeem yog lub kaum sab xis ua kom pom tseeb. Ib qho ntxiv, thaum lub hom phiaj torpedoes siv telecontrol hla cov kab hluav taws xob fiber ntau, nws lub peev xwm los paub lub hom phiaj tsis raug yuav ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsuas yog siv rau torpedoes uas tau tsim los ntawm submarines - foob pob hluav taws -torpedoes tsis tuaj yeem muaj lub sijhawm zoo li no.
Laser riam phom
Nws yuav zoo li tias riam phom laser thiab lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv torpedo tsis sib xws? Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam yooj yim. Muaj qhov hu ua teeb pom kev zoo ntawm Prokhorov / Askaryan / Shipulo-qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub zog poob siab thaum lub teeb nqaj ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob quantum tau nqus hauv cov kua.
Hauv kev sim ua los ntawm Prokhorov, Askaryan thiab Shipulo hauv xyoo 1963, cov dej pleev xim nrog tooj liab sulfate tau ua rau lub teeb ci ntsa iab ntawm lub ruby ruby laser. Thaum txog qee qhov kev siv hluav taws xob tau mus txog, kev tsim cov npuas pib, thiab tom qab ntawd cov kua tau rhaub. Yog tias lub nqaj tau tsom mus ze rau saum npoo ntawm lub cev hauv dej, cov dej tawg tau ua rau qhov tawg thiab nthwv dej nthuav tawm, uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov tawv nqaij - txog rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cuvette thiab tshem tawm cov kua mus rau qhov siab txog li 1 meter.
Lub teeb-hydraulic cov nyhuv tuaj yeem siv los ua suab nrov ntawm qhov deb, deb ntawm lub nkoj. Kev tsim hluav taws xob laser ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj suab nrov tau zoo nrog qhov ntau ntawm cov suab nrov tawm los ntawm ntau pua hertz mus rau ntau pua megahertz.
Yuav siv cov txiaj ntsig no li cas hauv kev txaus siab ntawm Navy?
Ob txoj kev qhia siv tau tuaj yeem kwv yees tau. Thawj qhov yog kev tsim lub hom phiaj tsis tseeb ntawm lub nkoj nkoj. Ntxiv mus, los ntawm kev txav lub laser nqaj hla saum npoo, xws li "virtual" lub hom phiaj cuav tuaj yeem ua rau txav tau.
Qhov kev taw qhia thib ob yog kev siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ua ib lossis ntau qhov chaw sab nraud ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo rau cov chaw tso dej (GAS). Hauv qhov no, ob qho kev ua tau zoo ntawm GAS tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, thiab qhov tsis qhia tawm ntawm NC tuaj yeem txo qis vim yog tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob tawm ntawm NC.
Kev siv lub teeb-hydraulic cuam tshuam rau submarines (submarines) tej zaum yuav ua tsis tau lossis nyuaj heev, txij li cov dej npau yuav pib tam sim ntawm qhov chaw tawm ntawm nqaj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev xaiv rau kev teeb tsa lub teeb ci laser los ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes uas siv lub tshuab txuas nrog lub nkoj submarine nrog hluav taws xob thiab fiber-optic cable tuaj yeem txiav txim siab (cov fiber yuav siv los xa cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob).
Ntawm kev dhia dej ntawm cov nkoj lossis cov nkoj hauv dej, cov hluav taws xob laser tuaj yeem tsim tawm los ntawm kev siv fiber ntau mus rau sab saud ntawm cov qauv zoo nyob saum cov dej, ib yam li ntawm Virginia nuclear submarines nws tau npaj los tso tawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm periscope kom rhuav tshem lub hom phiaj huab cua los ntawm periscope qhov tob.
Anti-torpedoes
Ib txoj kev cia siab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tua torpedo yog tiv thaiv torpedoes (tiv thaiv torpedoes). Hauv ib feem, cov no suav nrog yav dhau los hais txog tus kheej-propelled simulator-destroyer Torbuster los ntawm PTZ ATDS ntawm Raphael lub tuam txhab.
Hauv tebchaws Russia, PAKET-E / NK txoj haujlwm tau raug tsim thiab raug teeb tsa ntawm cov nkoj tshiab. PAKET-E / NK txoj haujlwm suav nrog GAS tshwj xeeb, kev siv lub tshuab tswj tsis siv neeg, lub foob pob hluav taws thiab lub qhov me me 324 mm torpedoes hauv kev tiv thaiv submarine (MTT) thiab tiv thaiv torpedo (AT) cov qauv, muab tso rau hauv thauj thiab tso tawm ntim (TPK).
Qhov ntau ntawm AT-torpedoes yog 100-800 metres, qhov tob tob txog li 800 metres, qhov nrawm nce mus txog 25 meters ib pliag (50 pob), lub taub hau hnyav yog 80 kg. Lub foob pob hluav taws ntawm PAKET-E / NK tuaj yeem hloov kho lossis hloov pauv, hauv ob-, plaub- thiab yim-ntim cov qauv.
Cov foob pob hluav taws Launchers
Muaj thiab tseem siv xws li tiv thaiv torpedo / anti-submarine riam phom li foob pob hluav taws. Cov nkoj loj loj ntawm Lavxias lub nkoj tau nruab nrog UDAV-1M tiv thaiv torpedo nkoj tiv thaiv foob pob hluav taws (RKPTZ), tsim los kov yeej lossis thim cov torpedoes tawm tsam lub nkoj. Qhov nyuaj kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los rhuav tshem submarines, submarine sabotage rog thiab cov cuab tam.
Nws tuaj yeem kwv yees tias cov foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo raws li txhais tau tias rau kev xa tawm (ntuav) tus kheej-propelled imitators-destroyers, simulators tus kheej-propelled, drifting jammers lossis anti-torpedoes. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv qhov ua tau zoo raws li txhais tau tias ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov torpedoes niaj hnub nrog cov mos txwv uas tsis siv tau tuaj yeem nug (kev siv cov mos txwv siab nrog qhov muaj peev xwm tsawg ntawm kev swb).
Short-range anti-torpedo tiv thaiv systems
Txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov foob pob tiv thaiv nkoj ntawm qhov luv, NK siv cov tshuab tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau (ZAK), uas siv cov phom tua hluav taws tsis siv neeg nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 20-45 hli. Tam sim no, lawv cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv foob pob hluav taws feem ntau tau nug, nrog rau qhov uas muaj lub siab xav tso tseg ZAK hauv kev pom zoo ntawm cov dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv luv luv (SAM), xws li Asmeskas RIM-116.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm lub hauv paus me-caliber tsis siv neeg nrawm-rab phom loj, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv luv-tiv thaiv torpedo tiv thaiv (AT) tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm ua tau. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev nyuaj no yuav cog lus tias yuav muaj cov phiaj xwm me me nrog cov lus qhia cavitating uas tuaj yeem kov yeej huab cua / dej txiav tau zoo thiab taug kev nrug deb hauv dej yam tsis poob lub zog kinetic thiab qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev txav mus los.
Tam sim no, Norwegian lub tuam txhab DSG Technology tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw no. DSG Cov kws tshaj lij thev naus laus zis tau tsim kab ntawm cov mos txwv uas muaj peev xwm los ntawm 5, 56 txog 40 mm. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv torpedo, cov mos txwv nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 30 hli yog qhov kev txaus siab tshaj plaws, uas, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, tuaj yeem ua kom yeej ntawm cov torpedoes ntawm qhov deb ntawm 200-250 meters.
Txog rau submarines, dhia nkoj cov nkoj thiab cov nkoj ib nrab-submersible, submarine ZAK tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm tsim los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov phom submachine hauv qab rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ua luam dej (cov nkoj ib nrab submersible tuaj yeem ua tau zoo sib xws ZAK, ntawm lub log tsheb nthuav tawm saum dej).
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm ZAK hauv qab dej tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm "txhaws" lub suab nrov uas tsim los ntawm GAS, ua rau nws nyuaj rau lub hom phiaj ob ZAK thiab tiv thaiv torpedo launchers uas tau pib. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias hauv cov txheej txheem ntsuas nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov tsis ua suab nrov uas ua los ntawm ZAK hauv qab dej txhawm rau lim lawv tawm los ntawm cov cuab yeej GAS. Ib qho ntxiv, kev ua haujlwm ntawm submarine ZAK tuaj yeem ua tiav nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv, hauv lub xeev ntawm "qhov xav tau heev", thaum tus yeeb ncuab lub torpedoes twb dhau lwm txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv torpedo tiv thaiv.
Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab torpedoes ntawm qhov luv, cog lus laser radars - lidars - tuaj yeem txiav txim siab
Lidar
Lub lidar yog raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev kho qhov muag hluav taws xob los ntawm lub cev tsis pom kev. Lidars tuaj yeem tsim ob-lossis peb-dimensional duab ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig, txheeb xyuas qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov nruab nrab pob tshab los ntawm qhov uas cov duab hluav taws xob dhau mus, thiab txiav txim siab qhov nrug thiab nrawm ntawm cov khoom.
Lub tshuab nqus tsev tuaj yeem tsim tau ob qho tib si hauv tshuab - los ntawm kev tig lub hauv paus ntawm cov hluav taws xob kho qhov muag, tso tawm cov iav fiber ntau lossis tsom iav, thiab siv cov kav hlau txais xov ib theem. Cov hluav taws xob nyob rau thaj tsam ntsuab lossis xiav-ntsuab ntawm cov spectrum muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws permeability rau dej. Tam sim no, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tuav los ntawm hluav taws xob laser ntev 532 nm, uas tuaj yeem tsim tawm nrog kev ua haujlwm tau zoo txaus los ntawm diode-pumped solid-state lasers.
Tus thawj coj hauv cov txheej txheem kev pom hauv qab dej hauv qab yog Kaman, uas tau tsim kho cov txheej txheem txij li xyoo 1989. Yog hais tias pib qhov ntau ntawm cov lidars tau txwv rau ob peb kaum metres, tam sim no nws twb yog pua pua meters lawm. Kaman tseem npaj siab siv lub hau kaw kom tswj tau cov torpedoes ntawm cov channel kho qhov muag.
Txawm li cas los xij, ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Kaman lub tuam txhab ntawm cov ncauj lus txog tub rog tej zaum yuav raug cais tawm, hauv kev sib txuas nrog uas tej zaum twb tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nyob hauv cov khoom siv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm.
Tuam Tshoj tam sim no tab tom tsim kho qhov chaw tsim los txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab paub txog cov yeeb ncuab submarines los ntawm qhov chaw siv lidar. Tej zaum, cov kev txhim kho no tseem tab tom ua hauv Russia. Asmeskas NASA thiab Lub Chaw Haujlwm Tiv Thaiv Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb (DARPA) tab tom pab nyiaj txiag phiaj xwm los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tshawb pom cov nkoj hauv qab ntawm qhov tob ntawm 180 metres hauv qab dej.
Nws tuaj yeem kwv yees tau tias kev koom ua ke ntawm kev cog lus ruaj khov rau hauv kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv torpedo yuav ua rau kom muaj peev xwm pom tau cov yeeb ncuab torpedoes thiab tsoo lawv nrog riam phom tiv thaiv torpedo
Kev siv cov lidars yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv luv luv tsis yog tsuas yog ua raws cov cavitating mos txwv, tab sis kuj yog lub hauv paus ntawm qhov me me qhov siab tiv thaiv torpedoes. Hauv qee txoj hauv kev, qhov no yuav yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuab tiv thaiv nquag (KAZ) siv rau hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam.
Anti-torpedo complexes ntawm kev tiv thaiv nquag
Kev nrhiav pom ntawm cov yeeb ncuab torpedoes nrog kev pab los ntawm lub hau yuav ua kom ntseeg tau cov lus taw qhia me me los tiv thaiv torpedoes ntawm lawv nrog qhov raug siab. Kev cia siab tiv thaiv torpedo KAZ yuav suav nrog lub foob pob hluav taws, lub hau ntswj thiab lub qhov me me los tiv thaiv torpedoes tswj los ntawm fiber ntau optic cable.
Anti-torpedo KAZ tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm nce mus txog 500 meters. Qhov ntau ntawm cov lidars xav tau kom raug lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv torpedoes tam sim no mus txog 200-300 meters. Lub nqaj laser tuaj yeem npog qhov deb dua, tab sis lub teeb pom kev zoo tau tawg ntau dua. Los ntawm kev tso tus txais rau hauv lub taub hau homing (GOS) ntawm anti-torpedo, ib qho txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua tiav thaum tiv thaiv torpedo tau pib rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab torpedo raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tau txais los ntawm GAS, thiab raws li kev tiv thaiv torpedo tus yeeb ncuab torpedo, cov duab hluav taws xob uas pom ntawm lub hau tau teeb tsa ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom yuav raug ntes los ntawm tus tiv thaiv torpedo nrhiav thiab ua tiav los ntawm KAZ cov cuab yeej txhawm rau txhawm rau kho qhov kev tiv thaiv-torpedo trajectory.
Yog li, kev siv ua ke tiv thaiv torpedoes (txog 1000-2000 meters), tiv thaiv torpedo KAZ (txog 400-500 meters) thiab tiv thaiv torpedo tiv thaiv ZAK (txog 200-250 meters) yuav ua kom muaj kev sib tw yeej cov yeeb ncuab torpedoes ntawm thaj tsam ntawm ntau kaum tawm meters mus rau ob peb kilometers. nrog kev sib tshooj ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv
ANPA
Kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj neeg nyob hauv qab (AUVs) tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv torpedo. Nyob ntawm cov haujlwm uas tau daws, AUV tuaj yeem ua tiav tus kheej lossis muab lub zog thiab tswj los ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom - lub nkoj nto, lub nkoj dhia dej saum npoo av, lub nkoj ib nrab dej lossis lub nkoj submarine (coj los ntawm AUV).
AUVs tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm kev saib xyuas hydroacoustic siab dua, ua tus thauj khoom ntawm lidar thiab tiv thaiv torpedoes (txhawm rau nthuav thaj tsam ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab torpedoes), thiab daws cov haujlwm ua haujlwm rau kuv. Tus qhev me me uas muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem tsim tau, lub luag haujlwm uas yuav yog nrog tus neeg nqa khoom thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab torpedoes los ntawm kev mus txog thiab tua tus kheej ntawm lub rooj sib tham.
lus xaus
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv torpedo sib txawv muaj nyob thiab tab tom tsim, muaj peev xwm ua rau nws nyuaj li ua tau kom kov yeej cov nkoj saum npoo av, cov nkoj dhia dej saum npoo av, cov nkoj ib nrab thiab cov nkoj hauv qab los ntawm kev raug riam phom torpedo.
Kev tiv thaiv cov nkoj los ntawm cov riam phom torpedo yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov nkoj dhia dej thiab cov nkoj ib nrab nthwv dej, kev tawm tsam uas nyuaj los ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub nkoj foob pob, thiab tiv thaiv cov foob pob hluav taws-torpedoes thiab torpedoes tau tsim los ntawm submarines yuav raug siv.
Feem ntau, suav nrog kev nce qib tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho thaj chaw thiab kev tshawb nrhiav aviation cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, nrog rau kev soj ntsuam cov nkoj tsis muaj neeg nyob thiab cov neeg tsav tsheb tsis muaj neeg nyob hauv qab, muaj feem yuav ua rau cov nkoj saum npoo av thiab cov submarines raug tshawb pom thiab tawm tsam los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab zoo tshaj.
Raws li qhov no, kev tiv thaiv nquag txhais tau tias tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam loj nrog tiv thaiv lub nkoj foob pob thiab riam phom torpedo tuaj ua ntej hauv kev txhim kho ntawm Navy..
