Kev ua tiav ntawm German blitzkrieg
Hitler saib USSR cov tub rog ua tub rog tsis zoo nyob rau sab hnub tuaj uas tuaj yeem tawg tau yooj yim, cais tawm, puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem. Nws yog ib feem yog lawm. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus khoom ntawm Soviet Union tau ua tiav zoo kawg li, tom qab ntawd hauv kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev xav ntawm lub hlwb nws yog qhov tsis ruaj khov nyob rau lub sijhawm txaus ntshai ntawm kev txhim kho. Kev hloov pauv ntawm Russia nyuam qhuav pib, thiab kev vam meej ntawm Soviet tuaj yeem raug tsoo tawm ntawm kev nce mus.
Yog li ntawd, cov neeg German tau sim rhuav tshem USSR nrog blitzkrieg, uas tau nrog los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws muaj zog cuam tshuam rau cov neeg Soviet. Cov Nazis tau ua tiav qhov kev sim no hauv tebchaws Poland, Fabkis thiab Yugoslavia. Cov neeg German tau ua ntau yam rau qhov no. Lawv tsis kam suav tag nrho kev sib sau ua ke, tab sis lawv tau npaj zoo dua rau kev tawm tsam Russia ntau dua rau kev tshaj tawm Polish lossis Fab Kis.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, peb tau ua tiav txoj kev vam meej:
1. Peb muaj peev xwm qhia tsis tseeb Kremlin: kev ua kom cov tub rog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ua rau pom tias cov neeg German tsis tau npaj ua rog. Tias lawv ntshai ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm USSR thiab txhawb kev tiv thaiv ntawm sab hnub tuaj.
Qhov tseeb, lawv tsis tau npaj rau kev ua tsov rog ntev. Tsuas yog rau qhov kev tawm tsam nrawm nrawm, ua kom tawg tawg, los ntawm qhov uas cov yeeb ncuab yuav tsum swb. Ntxiv mus, taug kev yooj yim, kev ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus, kev pom zoo nrog cov kev tswj hwm tshiab hauv kev loj hlob ntawm Union tawg. Cov neeg German tau npaj tsis yog rau kev ua tsov rog ib txwm muaj ntawm lub zog kev lag luam, tab sis rau kev ua tsov rog kom kov yeej lub siab ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev tawg ntawm USSR los ntawm sab hauv.
2. Kev txawj ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb thiab cov neeg sawv cev hauv German tau tsim kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev kub ntxhov thiab ceeb nyob rau thaj tsam ciam teb.
3. Lawv siv lawv cov tswv yim tshiab ntawm cov tub rog huab cua ntawm lub zog tag nrho, qhia qhov xav tsis thoob ntawm kev teeb tsa kev tawm tsam, kev siv aviation hauv nruab nrab, ua kom raug lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv Lavxias, siv kev sib txuas lus thiab kev taw qhia hauv av. Soviet Air Force tau ua haujlwm zoo, feem ntau hauv av. Cov neeg foob pob tau tawm mus yam tsis muaj lub npog ntsej muag thiab tuag hauv pawg. Lub foob pob ntawm Minsk, Kiev thiab lwm lub nroog tau nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, ua rau lub siab tawg. Lawv coj mus rau qhov kev ntshai uas tuav ntau lab tus tib neeg.
4. Cov neeg German tau siv tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xav tsis thoob, xob laim ua tsov rog thiab riam phom tshiab. Lawv thawb lub koom haum panzer kom zoo thiab sib faib cov tsheb mus rau qhov kev kov yeej. Cov xov tooj ntawm lub xov tooj hauv German tau qis dua li cov neeg Soviet nyob hauv cov tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis lawv tau nyob deb ua ntej ntawm lawv raws li kev koom tes thiab kev xav txog riam phom thiab khoom siv. Ntxiv rau kev sib koom tes zoo nrog cov phom loj thiab dav hlau. Cov neeg German tsis tau khi lawv tus kheej rau kev ntes cov ntsiab lus muaj zog thiab cov node ntawm kev tawm tsam. Cov Nazis, ntsib kev tiv thaiv tawv ncauj, hla thaj chaw zoo li no, yooj yim pom cov chaw tsis muaj zog hauv cov yeeb ncuab kev sib ntaus sib tua (nws tsis tuaj yeem npog txhua yam) thiab khiav mus rau tom ntej. Cov tsos ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam nyob tom qab feem ntau ua rau muaj kev ntshai, tsis meej pem hauv "raw" Soviet kev sib cais, thiab kev tiv thaiv dav dav tau tawg. Cov Nazis tau mus ntxiv, tsis tso tseg kom sib sau ua ke.
Ua tsaug rau qhov no, Nazis tau tsoo cov tub rog USSR nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau tub rog hauv Belarus thiab Ukraine. Lawv tau ntes lub xeev Baltic nrawm nrog nws cov chaw nres nkoj, ua rau tuag ntawm Soviet Baltic Fleet. Xauv cov nkoj loj thiab cov nkoj hauv hiav txwv nqaim ntawm Finland, ua rau lawv ntes thaum German thiab Finnish faib ua Leningrad. Vim li ntawd, Berlin tau ruaj ntseg nws cov kev sib txuas lus hauv Baltic, los ntawm qhov uas Reich tau txais hlau los ntawm Scandinavia. Kev vam meej nyob rau sab qab teb tau tshem kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm thaj chaw roj hauv Romania thiab Hungary. Tom qab thawj qhov ua tiav, kev sib cais ntawm German tau hla mus rau Leningrad, lub peev thib ob ntawm USSR, ntes Kiev thiab xaus rau ntawm Moscow. Nyob rau sab qab teb, lawv tsoo hla mus rau Crimea.
Dab tsi yog qhov tsis raug nrog Fuhrer
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Hitler thiab nws cov neeg koom nrog yog kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv Soviet.
Nws raug txiav txim los ntawm tus piv txwv ntawm Tsov Rog Zaum Ob thiab 20s. Thaum ntawm Bolsheviks muaj ob peb tus thawj coj loj, pab pawg, tog neeg, pab pawg. Muaj kev tawm tsam nyuaj rau lub zog. Intrigues, quarrels, tshem tawm ntawm qhov tsis xav tau. Tab sis xyoo 1941 txhua yam txawv.
Tus thawj coj nyob ib leeg. Ib tug txiv neej hlau uas tau mus hla tebchaws, Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, tawm tsam Trotskyists thiab lwm yam "kev hloov pauv". Qhov no tsis yog ib tus neeg tswjfwm ywj pheej Sab Hnub Poob uas, thaum thawj qhov kev hem thawj, poob rau hauv kev npau taws thiab npau taws. Tsis zoo li cov lus dab neeg uas tau nthuav tawm nyob rau xyoo "perestroika" thiab kev ywj pheej "yeej" ntawm 90s, Stalin tsis ntshai thiab khiav tawm ntawm Kremlin thawj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Nws tau tswj hwm qhov xwm txheej thiab txij li thawj hnub ntawm Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg tau ua haujlwm hnyav los tawm tsam Nazi kev tawm tsam, kov yeej kev poob siab loj. Tus thawj coj cov hlau yuav txi txiv.
Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm, tsoomfwv, tog thiab cov tub rog hais kom ua haujlwm. Commanders thiab Red Army cov txiv neej tau tawm tsam kom tuag. Hauv cov nroog thiab cheeb tsam uas nyob, cov hnab ris ntawm kev tawm tsam tam sim ntawd, cov neeg sib ntaus hauv av thiab cov neeg koom tes, npaj tuag rau lub hom phiaj zoo.
Tsis muaj kev tawg sab hauv ib yam (Vim li cas Stalin rhuav tshem cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv kev tawm tsam). Ua ntej tsov rog, Stalin thiab nws cov neeg koom nrog nruab nrab feem ntau ntawm "kab thib tsib". Cov seem ntawm Trotskyist tus kws tshaj lij thoob ntiaj teb tau mus rau hauv av, nkaum hauv qab qhov kev coj ntawm kev mob siab rau Stalinists. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev tawm tsam tub rog, ua tau Bonapartes tau raug tshem tawm.
Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias cov neeg German yuav tsum cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txawv hauv zej zog dua li nyob rau sab hnub poob.
Tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus thiab tshaj tawm xov xwm hauv USSR, uas cov neeg German tau siv los tshaj tawm kev ntshai thiab ceeb nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe. Cov xov xwm sab hnub poob thiab xov tooj cua tau pab zoo rau Hitler thiab nws cov thawj coj. Lawv tig ib lossis ob tus paratroopers (lossis tsis muaj ib qho) rau hauv kev sib cais hauv huab cua, kev ua ntawm ob peb tus neeg sawv cev ciam teb mus rau "pawg thib tsib" ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab. Peb pom German tso tsheb hlau luam uas tsis muaj, thiab lwm yam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov neeg tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv pab tsiaj, ua tub rog rau hauv pawg neeg tsis sib xws. Thiab cov tub ceev xwm, nrog lawv nrawm, ua tsis tau zoo, tsuas yog ua rau qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo, lawv tus kheej tau ua txhaum txoj cai tswjfwm.
Hauv USSR, lawv paub yuav ua li cas nrog lub tswb nrov. Cov xov tooj cua tau txais, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm zam tau tus yeeb ncuab cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam rau lub siab ntawm cov pej xeem Soviet. Tsis muaj TV lossis Is Taws Nem, thiab ntawv xov xwm, xov xwm tshaj tawm thiab xov tooj cua tau raug tswj hwm los ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet. Cov neeg German tau nyob nrog tsuas yog cov ntawv me me thiab nthuav tawm cov lus xaiv. Tab sis qhov no tuaj yeem raug tso tseg. Yog li, kev ntshai thiab kev npau taws tau raug zam thoob plaws lub tebchaws.
Stalin tau qhia txog lub siab xav tawm tsam kom txog thaum kawg. Cov neeg tau hnov nws. Thiab cov neeg German los ntawm qhov pib xav tias muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, uas tsis muaj zog, tab sis muaj zog dua. Nws yog hais txog cov hlau yuav ntawm Soviet tus thawj coj uas German blitzkrieg tsoo.
Stalin tau npaj lub tebchaws thiab zej zog rau kev ua tsov rog loj. Cov neeg tau npaj rau kev ua haujlwm thiab tiv thaiv, rau qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo. Lub teb chaws tau raug cawm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias hauv 30s, txawm hais tias tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam, kev lag luam tshiab tau tsim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Tsim cov chaw lag luam tshiab hauv Urals thiab Siberia. Cov pob zeb Ural thiab Siberian tau ua tsis zoo dua li cov nyob hauv Donbass. Kev tsim khoom nyob rau sab hnub tuaj tau kim dua li nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws. Tab sis nws tsis tu ncua tsa. Qhov thib ob roj tsim hauv paus tau tsim los ntawm Volga thiab Urals. Tsim los ntawm Magnitogorsk thiab Kuznetsk cov hlau loj loj. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj deb, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, lub chaw dav hlau thiab chaw tsim khoom nkoj, tau tsa los. Thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws, cov nroj tsuag thaub qab rau kev siv tshuab, hlau hlau, ua kom cov roj ua kom zoo, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv yuav tsum, yog tias ua tau, ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej, ntawm lub hauv paus cov khoom siv raw. Thaum ua tsov rog, thaum thaj chaw tsim khoom lag luam sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub poob tau poob thiab thaj chaw nruab nrab tau tawm tsam, Urals tau cawm tag nrho lub tebchaws.
Ua ntej tsov rog, qhov tseem ceeb yog kev txhim kho ntawm cov cheeb tsam. Hauv txhua cheeb tsam, cov chaw tsim khoom tau tsim uas yuav tsum txaus siab rau nws cov kev xav tau yooj yim rau roj, khoom siv hauv tsev, lub zog, zaub mov, thiab lwm yam. Tsiaj txhu thiab zaub hauv paus raug tsim nyob ib puag ncig lub nroog loj. Kev tsim kho vaj. Stalin tsim cov peev txheej tshwj xeeb, pov hwm lub tebchaws tiv thaiv qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj. Thiab qhov no tau cawm lub tebchaws hauv xyoo 1941, thaum peb poob tag nrho sab hnub poob ntawm Russia!
Vim li cas kev ua tsov rog dhau los "tsis tau xav txog"
Cov Nazis muaj peev xwm teeb tsa kev tawm tsam yam tsis tau xav txog. Lawv tau tswj hwm nthuav tawm kev rub lawv lub zog mus rau Sab Hnub Poob raws li kev dag, dag cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug. Hitler tswj kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav thiab kev ua tsov rog hauv lub hlwb, muab Moscow lub tswv yim tias nws yuav tsis tawm tsam thawj zaug. Qhov no tau tso cai rau Wehrmacht ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qhov ua rau tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tshem tawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Red Army nyob rau sab hnub poob ciam teb (tshwj xeeb hauv Belarus).
Thaum lub xyoo ntawm glasnost, perestroika thiab tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, lub tswvyim hais ua dabneeg ntawm Stalin "gullibility" tau tsim. Lawv hais tias tus thawj coj Soviet, vim nws txoj kev ruam thiab tawv ncauj, tsis ua raws li cov lus ceeb toom ntau txog qhov kev ua phem uas yuav tshwm sim ntawm Peb Reich. Stalin tsis ntseeg nws cov tub ceev xwm txawj ntse, ntau yam kev xav tau ntawm USSR thiab tshaj tawm los ntawm Askiv. Yog li ntawd, kuv yuav liam rau txhua qhov teeb meem thiab kev ua tsis tiav ntawm USSR. Ntxiv rau Beria, uas ua si nrog tus tswv thiab xa txhua tus neeg uas tuaj nrog xov xwm tsis zoo mus rau Gulag.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev los no kev tshawb fawb txog tub rog loj tshwm sim, uas tsoo cov ntawv no rau smithereens. Stalin tsis yog ib tug neeg ruam ruam. Nws muaj lub siab xav, xav yuav hlau thiab tsim kev xav, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsis dhau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm USSR-Russia hauv lub sijhawm tseem ceeb. Muaj ntau qhov kev ceeb toom, cov hnub tau sib txawv. Nws tau pom tseeb tias Askiv xav tawm tsam cov neeg Lavxias thiab cov neeg German dua, zoo li xyoo 1914. Yog li ntawd, "ceeb toom" los ntawm London tau zoo li cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug. Stalin yeej tsis xav kom cov neeg Lavxias rov tawm tsam ntxiv rau kev nyiam Askiv.
Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias Hitler thiab Stalin yog cov thawj coj sib txawv. Stalin yog ib tug kws log hlau, yog ib tug neeg txawj xav. Hitler vam khom ntau rau kev paub, nws qhov kev nkag siab. Tus thawj coj hauv tebchaws Soviet tau paub tias Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tsis tau npaj rau kev ua tsov rog ib txwm muaj. Kev txawj ntse ua haujlwm tau zoo: Moscow paub tias Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tsis tau ua tiav kev sib sau ua ke tag nrho. Cov neeg German muaj cov peev txheej me me ntawm cov txheej txheem raw khoom. Cov tub rog tsis tau npaj rau kev sib tw rau lub caij ntuj no: tsis muaj khaub ncaws hnav rau lub caij ntuj no, tiv taus cov roj nplua nyeem rau cov cuab yeej thiab riam phom.
Qhov thib ob pem hauv ntej
Lub Kremlin paub tias cov tub rog German feem ntau ntawm txhua qhov ntshai ua tsov rog ntawm ob sab, uas tau rhuav tshem Lub Tebchaws Yelemees hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib. Lub Reich tau ua tiav Askiv tsis tiav nyob rau sab hnub poob, uas twb tau zoo lawm thiab ntxiv dag zog rau nws cov peev txheej tub rog. Muaj kev tawm tsam hauv North Africa, nws muaj peev xwm tias cov neeg German, tom qab tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Crete, yuav tsaws cov tub rog hauv Middle East. Lossis lawv yuav cua daj cua dub Malta, thiab tom qab ntawd Egypt. Nws yog txhua yam muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsim nyog.
Yog li, nws tsim nyog tias Lub Tebchaws Yelemees yuav tsis mus ua rog nrog Russia txog thaum qhov teeb meem ntawm Askiv tau daws. Thiab txawm tias tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa kev lag luam. Kev xa tawm ntawm German kev sib cais ntawm ciam teb nrog USSR tuaj yeem piav qhia yooj yim. Berlin tuaj yeem muaj kev ntshai los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias thaum lawv cuam tshuam nrog Askiv. Nws yog qhov laj thawj los npaj qhov teeb meem muaj zog nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, txij li Fuhrer muaj cov tub rog txaus tam sim no. Kev ua haujlwm Cretan tau ua raws li kev tshuaj xyuas rau kev ua haujlwm loj los txeeb cov Isles Askiv.
Stalin paub tias Tebchaws Askiv Lub Tebchaws nyob hauv txoj haujlwm txaus ntshai heev. Hitler tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm Air Force thiab Navy tawm tsam Askiv, nce kev tsim cov nkoj submarines, thiab cuam tshuam rau tus yeeb ncuab txoj kev sib txuas lus hauv hiav txwv. Npaj tiag tiag kev ua haujlwm amphibious hauv tebchaws Askiv, txuas nrog txhua thaj av, huab cua thiab hiav txwv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Capture Malta ua ke nrog Italians. Tso siab rau Franco thiab coj Gibraltar. Cov tub rog tsaws hauv Syria thiab Lebanon. Ntxiv dag zog rau Rommel pab pawg hauv Libya thiab tsoo cov tub rog Askiv hauv tebchaws Egypt nrog ob qhov kev tawm tsam. Tom qab ntawd rov txhim kho kev tswj hwm tus phooj ywg hauv Iraq. Luag Turkey rau koj sab, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, yog Hitler xav kom yeej yeej Askiv, nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo.
Tsuas yog kev cia siab ntawm Askiv rau kev cawm seej yog kev sib cav ntawm cov neeg Lavxias thiab cov neeg German. Stalin nco tau zoo npaum li cas Fabkis thiab Askiv tau cawm lawv lub tebchaws nyob rau xyoo 1914-1917, tawm tsam Qhov Tseeb Thib Ob "rau tus tub rog Lavxias kawg." Thiab txawm tias ntxov dhau los, Tebchaws Askiv tuaj yeem siv Tsarist Russia los tsoo Napoleon lub tebchaws. Hauv ob qho xwm txheej no, Askiv, nrog kev pab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug, kev dag ntxias, kev xiab nyiaj, kev dag ntxias, qiv nyiaj thiab tsev fuabtais coup (kev tua Tsar Paul), thwarted sim ntawm kev sib koom tes thiab kev sib koom tes ntawm Russia nrog Fabkis thiab nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes imperial. Yog li, cov neeg Askiv tau cawm lawv lub tebchaws ntiaj teb. Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias Askiv tsis tau ntxeev siab rau lawv txoj cai tswjfwm kev lig kev cai thaum xyoo 1930s thiab thaum ntxov xyoo 1940s. Ua ke nrog Fab Kis, lawv tau sim nrog tag nrho lawv lub zog kom xa Peb Qhov Reich mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj. Qhov tseeb, Hitler xub txiav txim siab los daws cov lus nug Fabkis.
Tom qab kev swb ntawm Fabkis, txoj cai zais cia ntawm Askiv tseem tsis hloov pauv. Cov neeg Askiv tau sim tawm tsam cov neeg Lavxias thiab cov neeg German. Yog li ntawd, daim ntawv tshaj tawm tsis pub leejtwg paub ntawm Askiv hais txog kev tawm tsam German tawm tsam USSR tau zoo li tsis yog xov xwm. Rau Stalin kom swb rau qhov kev ua phem thiab ntaus lub tebchaws Yelemes ua ntej.
Nrog cov lus tseeb no ua ntej nws ob lub qhov muag, tus xav paub Stalin tsis ntseeg Hitler qhov kev tawm tsam thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1941. Rau txhua qhov laj thawj, qhov no tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Kev ua tsov rog tau xav nyob ib puag ncig xyoo 1942, thaum Hitler yuav daws qhov teeb meem ntawm ob sab xub ntiag.
Qhov teeb meem yog tias Fuhrer tsis yog tus neeg muaj tswv yim, nws txoj kev xav tsis yog kev tshuaj xyuas, tab sis kev nkag siab. Hitler maj mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus yam tsis tau coj lub tebchaws thiab kev lag luam mus rau lub xeev ntawm kev npaj txhij, tsis muaj peev txheej txaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw, thiab yam tsis tau npaj pab tub rog rau lub caij ntuj no.
Tseeb, nws tau muaj kev pom zoo zais cia nrog London tias yuav tsis muaj qhov thib ob tiag tiag. Hitler paub tias thaum nws tab tom tsoo Russia, Askiv thiab Asmeskas yuav tsis cuam tshuam.
Ib qho ntxiv, muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho "kab thib tsib" hauv Pawg Tub Rog Liab. Moscow, tsuas yog ua ntej pib ua tsov rog, tau coj cov tub rog mus rau kev npaj sib ntaus sib tua. Tab sis qee tus thawj coj sabotaged cov lus qhia no. Yog li ntawd, cov tub rog ntawm NKVD thiab lub nkoj tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam yeeb ncuab, tabsis cov koomhaum Red Army hauv Belarus tsis yog.
Li no kev puas tsuaj loj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus tseem ceeb qhia, uas tsis muaj nyob thaum pib ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv Ukraine.
