Soviet post-war anti-tank phom loj

Soviet post-war anti-tank phom loj
Soviet post-war anti-tank phom loj

Video: Soviet post-war anti-tank phom loj

Video: Soviet post-war anti-tank phom loj
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Tom qab kev ua tsov rog kawg, hauv USSR, cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank tau ua tub rog nrog: 37-mm lub dav hlau phom ntawm 1944 tus qauv, 45-mm tiv thaiv phom tank. 1937 thiab arr. Xyoo 1942, 57-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank ZiS-2, faib 76-mm ZiS-3, 100-mm teb hom 1944 BS-3. Kuj siv tau yog German ntes 75-hli phom tiv thaiv lub tank Rak 40. Lawv tau npaj ua lub hom phiaj, khaws thiab kho yog tsim nyog.

Nws tau raug muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1944. Phom phom loj 37-hli ChK-M1.

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Nws tau qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau caj npab parachute battalions thiab maus taus regiments. Cov phom hnyav 209 kg hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus tau tso cai rau kev thauj mus los hauv huab cua thiab dhia paj paws. Nws muaj cov cuab yeej zoo nkag mus rau nws qhov muaj peev xwm, tso cai rau nws tsoo cov cuab yeej ib sab ntawm nruab nrab thiab hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam nrog cov sub-caliber projectile ntawm qhov nrug deb. Cov mos txwv tau hloov pauv nrog 37 hli 61-K phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Cov phom tau thauj hauv Willis thiab GAZ-64 tsheb (ib rab phom rau ib lub tsheb), ntxiv rau hauv Dodge thiab GAZ-AA tsheb (ob rab phom rau ib lub tsheb).

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Ib qho ntxiv, muaj peev xwm thauj rab phom ntawm ib lub laub lossis tsheb nqaj hlau, nrog rau hauv lub tsheb maus taus. Yog tias tsim nyog, lub cuab yeej raug muab cais ua peb ntu.

Kev suav phom suav nrog plaub tus neeg - tus thawj coj, tus tua phom, tus nqa khoom thiab tus nqa khoom. Thaum tua, kev suav yuav siv txoj haujlwm nquag. Cov txheej txheem hluav taws kub txog 25-30 teev ib feeb twg.

Ua tsaug rau qhov tsim thawj ntawm cov cuab yeej thim rov qab, 37-mm lub dav hlau phom qauv 1944 ua ke lub zog loj ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau rau nws qhov muaj peev xwm me me thiab qhov hnyav. Nrog cov cuab yeej nkag mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ze rau 45 mm M-42, ChK-M1 yog peb zaug sib zog thiab ntau dua me me (ntau dua kab hluav taws), uas yooj yim heev txav lub phom los ntawm cov neeg coob thiab nws camouflage. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, M-42 kuj tseem muaj tus lej zoo-nyob ntawm lub log tsheb uas muaj puv ntoob, uas tso cai rau rub rab phom los ntawm lub tsheb, tsis muaj lub qhov ncauj ntswj nres thaum qhib, zoo dua fragmentation projectile thiab zoo dua cov cuab yeej-tho qhov projectile.

Cov phom loj 37-mm ChK-M1 tau txog li 5 xyoos lig, tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam thiab muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom thaum tsov rog tuaj txog qhov kawg. Thaj, nws tsis koom nrog kev ua siab phem. Tag nrho 472 rab phom tau tsim.

Cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank 45-hli twb tsis muaj hnub kawg los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev tawm tsam, txawm tias muaj cov mos txwv 45-mm phom M-42 sub-caliber projectile nrog kev nkag mus ib txwm ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 meters-81-mm homogeneous armor tsis tuaj yeem kho qhov xwm txheej. Niaj hnub nimno hnyav thiab nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam raug tsoo tsuas yog thaum raug rho tawm ntawm ib sab, los ntawm qhov deb me me. Kev siv cov phom no kom txog thaum hnub kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm lawv cov kev ua haujlwm siab, yooj yim ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab kev zais, cov khoom loj ntawm cov mos txwv ntawm lub peev xwm no, ntxiv rau kev tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm Soviet kev lag luam los muab cov tub rog hauv xav tau tus lej nrog phom tiv thaiv lub tank nrog cov yam ntxwv siab dua.

Ib txoj hauv kev lossis lwm qhov, hauv cov tub rog nquag, "plaub caug-tsib" tau nrov heev, tsuas yog lawv tuaj yeem txav los ntawm cov rog ntawm kev suav hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev ua tub rog tshiab, txhawb nws nrog hluav taws.

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Thaum kawg ntawm 40s, "plaub caug-tsib" tau pib nquag thim tawm ntawm cov khoom thiab xa mus rau chaw cia khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, rau lub sijhawm ntev, lawv txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm nrog Tub Rog Tub Rog thiab siv los ua kev cob qhia riam phom.

Tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm 45 mm M-42 tau raug xa mus rau cov phooj ywg ntawd.

Soviet post-war anti-tank phom loj
Soviet post-war anti-tank phom loj

Cov tub rog Asmeskas los ntawm 5th Cavalry Regiment kawm M-42 raug ntes hauv Kauslim Teb

"Plaub caug-tsib" tau nquag siv hauv Kev Tsov Rog Kauslim. Hauv Albania, cov phom no tau siv rau thaum ntxov 90s.

Ntau lawm ntau lawm 57-hli phom tiv thaiv lub tank ZiS-2 tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1943, tom qab tsim cov tshuab ua haujlwm hlau tau txais los ntawm Asmeskas. Kev rov kho dua ntawm cov khoom lag luam tau tshwm sim nrog qhov nyuaj - dua li muaj teeb meem thev naus laus zis nrog kev tsim khoom ntawm cov thoob, ntxiv rau, cov nroj tsuag tau hnyav hnyav nrog cov phiaj xwm rau kev tsim cov 76 -mm faib phom thiab tank phom, uas muaj ntau tus lej chav nyob nrog ZIS-2; hauv cov xwm txheej no, kev nce qib ntawm ZIS-2 ntawm cov cuab yeej uas twb muaj lawm tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev txo qhov ntim ntawm cov phom no, uas tsis tuaj yeem lees txais. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thawj pawg ZIS-2 rau kev ua tiav lub xeev thiab kev sim tub rog raug tso tawm thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1943, thiab hauv kev tsim cov phom no, kev thim rov qab khaws cia ntawm tsob ntoo txij li xyoo 1941 tau siv dav. Kev tsim khoom ntau ntawm ZIS-2 tau teeb tsa los ntawm Lub Kaum Hli-Kaum Ib Hlis 1943, tom qab ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tshiab, muab cov cuab yeej siv raws li qiv-xaum.

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Lub peev xwm ntawm ZIS-2 ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsoo 80-mm frontal armor ntawm feem ntau German nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam Pz. IV thiab tua phom rau tus kheej-propelled phom StuG III ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, nrog rau sab caj npab ntawm Pz. VI "Tsov" tank; ntawm qhov nrug deb tsawg dua 500 m, Tsov tus Tsov tus tw lub tsho tiv no kuj raug ntaus.

Hais txog tus nqi tag nrho thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm kev tsim khoom, kev sib ntaus thiab kev pabcuam thiab cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm, ZIS-2 tau dhau los ua Soviet rab phom tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tsov rog.

Txij li thaum rov pib tsim khoom, kom txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, cov tub rog tau txais ntau dua 9000 rab phom, tab sis qhov no tsis txaus los ua kom tiav cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub tank.

Kev tsim khoom ntawm ZiS-2 tau kav ntev txog xyoo 1949, suav nrog, nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog txog 3500 rab phom tau tsim. Los ntawm 1950 txog 1951, tsuas yog cov ZIS-2 cov thoob tau tsim. Txij li xyoo 1957, ZIS-2 tso tawm yav dhau los tau hloov kho tshiab rau ZIS-2N kev hloov pauv nrog lub peev xwm los sib ntaus sib tua thaum hmo ntuj vim yog siv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb hmo ntuj

Hauv xyoo 1950, cov phiaj xwm tshiab uas muaj peev xwm tshiab nrog rau kev nkag mus rau hauv cov cuab yeej tau tsim los rau cov phom loj.

Hauv lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog, ZIS-2 tau ua haujlwm nrog Soviet pab tub rog tsawg kawg txog rau xyoo 1970, zaum kawg ntawm kev siv kev sib ntaus sib tua tau sau tseg hauv xyoo 1968, thaum muaj kev sib cav nrog PRC ntawm Damansky Island.

ZIS-2 tau muab rau ntau lub tebchaws thiab koom nrog ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, thawj qhov uas yog Kauslim Tsov Rog.

Muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev siv ZIS-2 ua tiav los ntawm Egypt xyoo 1956 hauv kev tawm tsam nrog cov neeg Israel. Cov phom ntawm hom no tau ua haujlwm nrog Suav pab tub rog thiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tso cai raws qhov ntsuas hom 55. Raws li xyoo 2007, ZIS-2 tseem tab tom ua haujlwm nrog pab tub rog ntawm Algeria, Guinea, Cuba thiab Nicaragua.

Hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog thib ob, cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank tau ua tub rog nrog ntes German 75-mm anti-tank phom Cancer 40. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm xyoo 1943-1944, tau ntes ntau rab phom thiab mos txwv. Peb cov tub rog txaus siab rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 metres, raws qhov ib txwm muaj, cov phom loj uas muaj peev xwm nkag tau rau hauv 154-hli armor.

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Xyoo 1944, tua cov ntxhuav thiab cov lus qhia ua haujlwm tau tshaj tawm rau Cancer 40 hauv USSR.

Tom qab ua tsov rog, cov phom tau pauv mus rau qhov chaw khaws cia, qhov uas lawv nyob tsawg kawg txog rau thaum ib nrab xyoo 60s. Tom qab ntawd, qee tus ntawm lawv tau "pov tseg", thiab qee qhov tau xa mus rau cov phoojywg.

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Kev thaij duab ntawm RAK-40 rab phom tau coj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv Hanoi thaum xyoo 1960.

Ntshai tsam muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm Sab Qab Teb, ntau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv lub tank tau tsim los ua ib feem ntawm pab tub rog Nyab Laj Qaum Teb, ua tub rog nrog German 75-mm RaK-40 phom tiv thaiv lub tank los ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Cov phom no tau raug ntes loj nyob rau xyoo 1945 los ntawm Red Army, thiab tam sim no Soviet Union tau muab lawv rau cov neeg Nyab Laj kom tiv thaiv kev ua phem tuaj ntawm sab qab teb.

Kev faib phom 76-hli hauv tebchaws Soviet tau npaj los daws qhov haujlwm ntau, feem ntau yog kev txhawb nqa hluav taws rau cov tub rog nyob hauv tsev, tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus tua hluav taws, thiab rhuav tshem cov chaw tiv tshav ntuj. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev ua tsov rog, cov phom loj sib faib yuav tsum tau tua ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tej zaum txawm tias ntau dua li tshwj xeeb cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank.

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Txij li xyoo 1944, vim qhov qeeb ntawm kev tso phom 45-mm thiab tsis muaj rab phom ZIS-2 57-mm, txawm tias tsis muaj cov cuab yeej nkag mus txaus rau lub sijhawm ntawd. faib 76 mm ZiS-3 dhau los ua rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank loj ntawm Red Army.

Hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, qhov no yog kev ntsuas yuam, kev nkag mus ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv riam phom, uas nkag mus rau 75-mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm qhov deb ntawm 300 metres raws qhov ib txwm muaj, tsis txaus los tawm tsam German nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam Pz. IV.

Raws li xyoo 1943, cov cuab yeej ntawm PzKpfW VI Tiger lub tank hnyav tsis tuaj yeem ua rau ZIS-3 nyob rau hauv qhov kev kwv yees pem hauv ntej thiab tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv ntawm qhov ze ze dua 300 m hauv kev kwv yees sab. Lub tank German tshiab PzKpfW V "Panther", nrog rau kev kho dua tshiab PzKpfW IV Ausf H thiab PzKpfW III Ausf M lossis N, kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis muaj zog nyob rau pem hauv ntej qhov projection rau ZIS-3; Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov tsheb no tau ntseeg los ntawm ZIS-3 mus rau sab.

Kev qhia ntawm sub-caliber projectile txij li xyoo 1943 tau txhim kho lub peev xwm tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm ZIS-3, tso cai rau nws kom ntseeg tau tsoo ntsug 80-mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm kev nyob ze dua 500 m, tab sis 100-mm cov cuab yeej ntsug tseem tsis tau tiv thaiv rau nws.

Tus txheeb ze tsis muaj zog ntawm lub peev xwm tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm ZIS-3 tau paub los ntawm Soviet cov thawj coj tub rog, txawm li cas los xij, txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov ZIS-3 hauv cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank. Qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem raug kho los ntawm kev qhia ua qhov projectile ntxiv rau hauv cov mos txwv. Tab sis qhov projectile no tau siv los ntawm ZiS-3 tsuas yog nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog.

Tsis ntev tom qab kev tsov rog xaus thiab tso ntau tshaj 103,000 rab phom, kev tsim ZiS-3 tau raug tso tseg. Cov phom tseem siv tau ntev, tab sis thaum kawg ntawm 40s, nws yuav luag thim tawm ntawm cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank. Qhov no tsis tiv thaiv ZiS-3 los ntawm kev nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb thiab koom nrog hauv ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cheeb tsam, suav nrog hauv thaj chaw ntawm yav dhau los USSR.

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Hauv cov tub rog Lavxias niaj hnub no, tseem siv tau ZIS-3s feem ntau yog siv foob pob hluav taws lossis ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib ntaus ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Tshwj xeeb, cov phom no tau ua haujlwm nrog Pab Pawg Sib cais nyob hauv qab tus thawj coj ntawm Moscow, uas ua foob pob hluav taws rau hnub so thaum Lub Ob Hlis 23 thiab Tsib Hlis 9.

Xyoo 1946, tsim nyob rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm tus thawj coj tsim F. F. Petrov, tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam. 85 hli phom tiv thaiv lub tank D-44. Cov riam phom no yuav tau xav tau zoo thaum ua tsov rog, tab sis nws txoj kev txhim kho rau ntau qhov laj thawj tau qeeb heev.

Sab nrauv, D-44 zoo ib yam li German 75-mm anti-tank Cancer 40.

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Txij xyoo 1946 txog 1954, cog tus lej 9 ("Uralmash") tsim 10,918 phom.

D-44s tau ua haujlwm nrog cais cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank loj ntawm cov phom loj lossis cov tub rog tso tsheb hlau luam (ob lub roj teeb tiv thaiv lub tank muaj ob lub platoons tua hluav taws) 6 txhua lub roj teeb (hauv faib 12).

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Cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov tawg tawg tawg ntau heev, cov duab zoo li cov phom loj, cov phom loj thiab cov pa luam yeeb tau siv los ua mos txwv. Qhov kev tua ncaj qha ntawm BTS BR-367 ntawm lub hom phiaj 2 m siab yog 1100 m. Ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 500 m, qhov projectile no nkag mus rau phaj phom 135 mm tuab ntawm lub kaum sab xis 90 °. Thawj qhov ceev ntawm BPS BR-365P yog 1050 m / s, kev nkag mus rau tej cuab yeej yog 110 hli los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1000 m.

Xyoo 1957, hmo ntuj tau teeb tsa ntawm qee rab phom, thiab kev hloov kho tus kheej kuj tau tsim. SD-44, uas tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv tshav rog yam tsis muaj tsheb laij teb.

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Lub thoob thiab nqa ntawm SD-44 tau coj los ntawm D-44 nrog kev hloov kho me me. Yog li, lub cav M-72 ntawm Irbit Motorcycle Plant nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 14 hp tau teeb tsa ntawm ib lub txaj phom loj. (4000 rpm.) Muab kev ceev rau tus kheej nce mus txog 25 km / h. Kev xa hluav taws xob los ntawm lub cav tau muab los ntawm cov kiv cua, qhov sib txawv thiab cov qag mus rau ob lub log ntawm rab phom. Lub iav, uas yog ib feem ntawm kev sib kis, muab rau rau pem hauv ntej zog thiab ob lub zog rov qab. Lub rooj zaum kuj tseem tsau rau ntawm lub txaj rau ib tus ntawm cov neeg coob coob, uas ua cov haujlwm ntawm tus tsav tsheb. Ntawm nws qhov kev pov tseg muaj lub kauj tsheb uas tswj hwm qhov ntxiv, thib peb, lub log phom loj, teeb tsa tom kawg ntawm ib lub txaj. Lub taub hau tau teeb tsa kom pom txoj kev thaum hmo ntuj.

Tom qab ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab siv 85-mm D-44 los ua ib feem faib los hloov ZiS-3, thiab muab kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv tso tsheb hlau luam rau cov tshuab siv phom loj thiab ATGMs.

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Hauv lub peev xwm no, riam phom tau siv hauv ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, suav nrog hauv qhov loj ntawm CIS. Qhov xwm txheej hnyav ntawm kev siv kev sib ntaus tau sau tseg hauv North Caucasus, thaum lub sijhawm "kev tawm tsam kev ua phem."

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D-44 tseem tab tom ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, ntau cov riam phom no nyob hauv cov tub rog sab hauv thiab hauv chaw khaws khoom.

Los ntawm D-44 nyob rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm tus thawj tsim qauv FF Petrov tau tsim anti-tank 85 hli phom D-48 … Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm D-48 phom tiv thaiv lub tank yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntev. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau qhov siab tshaj plaws pib nrawm ntawm qhov projectile, lub thoob ntev tau nce mus rau 74 calibers (6 m, 29 cm).

Kev txhaj tshuaj tshiab tsis tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov riam phom no. Ib rab phom-tho qhov projectile ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1,000 m tho cov cuab yeej nrog tuab ntawm 150-185 hli ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 60 °. Ib rab phom me me ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1000 m nkag rau hauv cov cuab yeej sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov tuab ntawm 180-220 mm ntawm lub kaum sab xis 60 °. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tua ntau ntawm cov foob pob tawg tawg hnyav hnyav 9.66 kg. - 19 km ib.

Los ntawm 1955 txog 1957 tsim tawm: 819 daim qauv ntawm D-48 thiab D-48N (nrog pom hmo ntuj APN2-77 lossis APN3-77).

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Cov phom tau nkag mus rau kev pabcuam nrog rau kev sib cais ntawm cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub tank lossis cov tub rog phom loj. Raws li rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank, D-48 rab phom sai sai dhau los. Nyob rau thaum ntxov 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, tso tsheb hlau luam uas muaj zog tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws NATO. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm D-48 yog qhov "tshwj xeeb" mos txwv, tsis haum rau lwm rab phom 85-mm. Rau kev tua los ntawm D-48, kev siv kev txhaj tshuaj los ntawm D-44, KS-1, lub taub ntim 85 hli thiab rab phom uas siv rau tus kheej kuj tseem raug txwv, qhov no ua rau cov phom qis dua.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1943 V. G. Grabin, hauv nws daim ntawv sau tseg rau Stalin, tau thov, nrog rau kev rov pib tsim dua ntawm 57-mm ZIS-2, kom pib tsim cov phom loj 100-mm nrog rau kev sib tua, uas tau siv rau hauv phom tub rog.

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Ib xyoos tom qab, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1944 Phom phom 100-mm, qauv 1944 BS-3 tau pib rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Vim tias muaj lub ntsej muag tawg ntawm lub ntsej muag nrog cov kab rov tav txav nrog ib nrab tsis siv neeg, kev teeb tsa cov lus qhia ntsug thiab kab rov tav ntawm ib sab ntawm rab phom, nrog rau kev siv tshuaj tua ib leeg, tus nqi ntawm cov phom yog 8-10 rounds ib feeb twg. Cov phom loj tau raug rho tawm nrog cov mos txwv tsis sib xws nrog cov ris tsho tiv thaiv cov phom loj thiab cov foob pob tawg loj tawg. Cov cuab yeej siv phom-tho qhov projectile nrog qhov pib ceev ntawm 895 m / s ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m ntawm lub rooj sib tham lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 ° tho cov cuab yeej nrog tuab ntawm 160 hli. Qhov kev tua ncaj qha yog 1080 m.

Txawm li cas los xij, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov riam phom no hauv kev tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam yog qhov hais ntau heev. Los ntawm lub sijhawm nws tshwm sim, Cov neeg German siv tsis siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm qhov loj.

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Thaum ua tsov rog, BS-3 tau tsim tawm me me thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm loj. Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, 98 BS-3s tau txuas ua ib txoj hauv kev ntxiv dag zog rau tsib lub tub rog. Cov phom tau ua haujlwm nrog cov pab tub rog loj ntawm lub 3-regiments muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Hauv cov phom loj ntawm RGK, txij li Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1945, muaj 87 rab phom BS-3. Thaum pib xyoo 1945, hauv Pawg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog Tub Rog thib 9, ua ib feem ntawm peb lub phom ntev, ib rab phom loj phom, 20 BS-3 txhua tus, tau tsim.

Yeej, vim yog qhov ntev tua ntau-20650 m thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo siv lub foob pob tawg tawg hnyav 15.6 kg, rab phom tau siv los ua phom hull los tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab phom loj thiab tua lub hom phiaj ntev.

BS-3 muaj tus lej tsis zoo uas ua rau nws nyuaj siv nws los ua lub tank tiv thaiv. Thaum tua, rab phom dhia ntau heev, uas ua rau tus neeg ua haujlwm phom tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsoo qhov pom kev teeb tsa, uas, nyeg, coj mus rau qhov txo qis hauv kev siv lub hom phiaj tua hluav taws - qhov tseem ceeb zoo rau thaj tsam tiv thaiv phom phom.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm lub qhov ncauj haib nres nrog qhov siab qis ntawm kab ntawm txoj kev tua hluav taws thiab txoj hauv kev tiaj tus raug rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv phom coj mus rau tsim cov pa luam yeeb thiab huab plua plav tseem ceeb uas nthuav tawm txoj haujlwm thiab dig muag cov neeg coob. Kev txav mus los ntawm rab phom nrog qhov hnyav ntau dua 3500 kg ua rau ntau qhov xav tau, kev thauj mus los ntawm cov neeg coob ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua.

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Tom qab ua tsov rog, rab phom tau tsim tawm mus txog xyoo 1951, tag nrho ntawm 3816 BS-3 cov phom phom tau tsim. Hauv 60s, rab phom tau hloov kho tshiab, qhov no feem ntau cuam tshuam txog qhov pom thiab mos txwv. Txog rau thaum ntxov 60s, BS-3 tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej ntawm txhua lub tank sab hnub poob. Tab sis nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm: M-48A2, Chieftain, M-60-qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv. Cov sub-caliber tshiab thiab cov phiaj xwm tau tsim kho sai. Kev hloov kho tshiab tom ntej tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-80s, thaum 9M117 Bastion tiv thaiv lub tank ua lub foob pob hluav taws nkag mus rau BS-3 cov mos txwv.

Qhov riam phom no tseem tau muab rau lwm lub tebchaws, koom nrog ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cheeb tsam hauv Asia, Africa thiab Middle East, hauv qee qhov nws tseem siv tau. Hauv tebchaws Russia, rab phom BS-3, txog thaum tsis ntev los no, tau siv los ua riam phom tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv hauv kev pabcuam nrog rau 18 lub tshuab rab phom thiab faib phom loj nyob hauv Kuril Islands, thiab tseem muaj tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm lawv hauv kev khaws cia.

Txog thaum lig 60s thiab 70s thaum ntxov ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, phom tiv thaiv lub tank yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tso tsheb hlau luam. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm ATGM nrog kev qhia ua haujlwm ib nrab tsis siv neeg, uas yuav tsum tsuas yog ua kom lub hom phiaj pom kev pom, qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Cov thawj coj tub rog ntawm ntau lub tebchaws tau txiav txim siab siv hlau ntau, hnyav thiab kim riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank anachronism. Tab sis tsis nyob hauv USSR. Hauv peb lub tebchaws, kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank txuas ntxiv mus hauv cov lej tseem ceeb. Ntxiv mus, ntawm qib tshiab uas tsim nyog.

Xyoo 1961 nkag mus rau kev pabcuam 100-mm du-bore phom tiv thaiv lub tank T-12, tsim nyob rau hauv tsim chaw lis haujlwm ntawm Yurginsky tshuab tsim tsev cog khoom No. 75 nyob hauv kev coj ua ntawm V. Ya. Afanasyeva thiab L. V. Korneeva.

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Qhov kev txiav txim siab ua rab phom mos muag thaum xub thawj yuav zoo li coj txawv txawv, lub sijhawm cov phom zoo li no yuav luag ib puas xyoo dhau los. Tab sis cov neeg tsim ntawm T-12 tsis xav li ntawd.

Hauv txoj kab du, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov pa roj siab ntau dua li hauv cov xov, thiab raws li nce qhov pib tshaj tawm ntawm qhov projectile.

Hauv rab phom phom, kev sib hloov ntawm qhov projectile txo cov cuab yeej ua kom tawg ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm cov roj thiab hlau thaum tawg ntawm qhov zoo li tus nqi.

Phom rab phom du ua rau kom muaj sia nyob ntawm lub thoob-tsis tas yuav ntshai ntawm qhov hu ua "yaug" ntawm cov phom ntev.

Cov channel cannon muaj cov chav thiab ib lub cylindrical du-walled qhia ib feem. Lub tsev yog tsim los ntawm ob qhov ntev thiab ib qho luv (ntawm lawv) cones. Kev hloov pauv ntawm chav mus rau ntu ntu cylindrical yog txoj kab nqes hav. Vertical wedge shutter nrog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav ib nrab. Kev them nyiaj ib zaug. Lub tsheb thauj mus los rau T-12 tau coj los ntawm 85 mm D-48 phom tiv thaiv lub tank.

Hauv 60s, lub tsheb thauj khoom yooj yim dua tau tsim rau T-12 rab phom. Cov txheej txheem tshiab tau txais qhov ntsuas MT-12 (2A29), thiab hauv qee qhov chaw nws hu ua "Rapier". MT-12 tau mus rau hauv cov khoom lag luam hauv xyoo 1970. Kev sib faib phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm kev sib tsoo phom loj ntawm USSR Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog suav nrog ob lub roj teeb tiv thaiv lub tank, suav nrog rau rau 100-mm T-12 (MT-12) phom tiv thaiv lub tank.

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T-12 thiab MT-12 rab phom muaj lub taub hau zoo ib yam-rab phom ntev, nyias muaj qhov ntev txog 60 calibers nrog “ntsev ntsev” muzzle nres. Cov txaj zawv zawg tau nruab nrog lub log rub tawm ntxiv uas tau teeb tsa ntawm lub qhov qhib. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv siv niaj hnub no MT-12 yog tias nws tau nruab nrog lub torsion bar ncua kev kawm, uas tau thaiv thaum lub sij hawm tua kom ntseeg tau ruaj khov.

Thaum dov phom los ntawm txhais tes, cov menyuam tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub txaj, uas txuas nrog tus nres ntawm lub txaj sab laug. T-12 thiab MT-12 rab phom tau thauj los ntawm tus qauv MT-L lossis MT-LB tsheb laij teb. Rau kev txav mus los hauv cov daus, LO-7 kev caij ski tau siv, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem tua hluav taws los ntawm kev sib tw ntawm qhov siab nce mus txog + 16 ° nrog lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm kev sib hloov mus txog 54 °, thiab ntawm qhov nce siab ntawm 20 ° nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev sib hloov mus txog 40 °.

Cov nplaim du yog qhov yooj yim dua rau kev tua cov phom loj, txawm hais tias xyoo 1961, feem ntau, lawv tseem tsis tau xav txog qhov no. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv phom, siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom loj nrog lub ntsej muag zoo li lub taub hau uas muaj lub zog siv hluav taws xob siab, muaj peev xwm nkag mus tau 215 mm tuab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1000 meters. Cov mos txwv thauj khoom suav nrog ntau hom sub-caliber, sib sau ua ke thiab tawg tawg tawg ntau qhov projectiles.

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Tua ZUBM-10 nrog rab phom-tho sub-caliber projectile

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Tua ZUBK8 nrog qhov projectile sib sau ua ke

Thaum txhim kho cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tsom rau ntawm rab phom, koj tuaj yeem siv txhaj tshuaj nrog lub foob pob tiv thaiv lub tank "Kustet". Kev tswj lub foob pob hluav taws yog ib nrab tsis siv neeg raws lub laser nqaj, qhov sib tua yog los ntawm 100 txog 4000 m. Cov foob pob hluav taws nkag mus rau tom qab cov cuab yeej ERA ("cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv") txog li 660 hli tuab.

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9M117 foob pob hluav taws thiab ZUBK10-1 puag ncig

Txhawm rau tua hluav taws ncaj qha, T-12 rab phom tau nruab nrog pom ib hnub thiab pom hmo ntuj. Nrog qhov pom dav, nws tuaj yeem siv ua riam phom los ntawm cov haujlwm kaw. Muaj qhov kev hloov kho ntawm rab phom MT-12R nrog 1A31 "Ruta" hinged qhia radar.

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Tsis lees paub rau MT-12R Davhlau Radar 1A31 "Ruta"

Cov phom tau hnyav heev hauv kev pabcuam nrog cov tub rog ntawm Warsaw Pact lub tebchaws, muab rau Algeria, Iraq thiab Yugoslavia. Lawv tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam hauv Afghanistan, hauv Iran-Iraq tsov rog, hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv thaj tsam ntawm yav dhau los ntawm USSR thiab Yugoslavia. Thaum cov teeb meem kev sib ntaus sib tua no, 100-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank feem ntau yog siv tsis tawm tsam tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis raws li cov phom sib faib lossis cov phom phom.

Cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank MT-12 txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm hauv Russia.

Raws li lub chaw tshaj xov xwm ntawm Ministry of Defense, thaum Lub Yim Hli 26, 2013, hluav taws tau tua kom zoo ntawm P23 U1 ze Novy Urengoy nrog kev pab ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj kom raug nrog UBK-8 qhov projectile los ntawm MT- 12 rab phom loj nrawm ntawm Yekaterinburg cais cov phom loj ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Lub Hauv Paus Tub Rog Hauv Nroog.

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Qhov hluav taws tau pib thaum Lub Yim Hli 19 thiab hloov mus rau qhov tsis muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm cov pa nkev tawg los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis raug. Cov neeg siv phom loj tau pauv mus rau Novy Urengoy los ntawm cov tub rog thauj dav hlau uas tawm ntawm Orenburg. Ntawm lub tshav dav hlau Shagol, cov cuab yeej thiab cov mos txwv raug thauj mus, tom qab ntawd cov tub rog loj nyob hauv qab cov lus txib ntawm tus tub ceev xwm ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws thiab cov phom loj hais kom ua los ntawm Central Military District Colonel Gennady Mandrichenko raug coj mus rau qhov chaw. Cov phom tau teeb tsa ncaj qha los ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws tso cai deb ntawm 70 m. Lub hom phiaj txoj kab uas hla yog 20 cm.

Xyoo 1967, Cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv Soviet tau los xaus qhov T-12 rab phom tsis muab kev cia siab rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm Chieftain tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cog lus MVT-70. Yog li ntawd, thaum Lub Ib Hlis xyoo 1968, OKB-9 (tam sim no yog ib feem ntawm Spetstekhnika JSC) tau qhia kom txhim kho rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank tshiab, muaj zog dua nrog rab phom ntawm 125-mm du-bore D-81 tank phom. Txoj haujlwm nyuaj rau ua tiav, txij li D-81, muaj kev sib tw zoo tshaj plaws, muab lub zog rov zoo tshaj plaws, uas tseem tuaj yeem tiv taus rau lub tank hnyav 40 tons. Tab sis ntawm kev sim hauv thaj chaw, D-81 tau tua 203-mm B-4 howitzer los ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom taug qab. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank hnyav 17 tons thiab nrawm tshaj plaws ntawm 10 km / h yog qhov tsis muaj lus nug. Yog li ntawd, hauv rab phom 125-mm, kev thim rov qab tau nce los ntawm 340 mm (txwv los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub tank) mus rau 970 mm thiab tau siv lub qhov ncauj haib nres. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm teeb tsa rab phom 125-mm rau ntawm peb tus neeg thauj khoom los ntawm cov ntawv 122-mm D-30 howitzer, uas tso cai rau hluav taws ncig.

Tus tshiab 125-mm rab phom tau tsim los ntawm OKB-9 hauv ob qho qauv: rub D-13 thiab tus kheej-txhawb SD-13 ("D" yog qhov ntsuas ntawm cov phom loj tsim los ntawm V. F. Petrov). Kev tsim kho ntawm SD-13 yog 125-mm du-bore phom tiv thaiv lub tank "Sprut-B" (2A-45M). Cov ntaub ntawv ballistic thiab cov mos txwv ntawm D-81 phom tank thiab 2A-45M phom tiv thaiv lub tank zoo ib yam.

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Cov phom loj 2A-45M muaj lub tshuab ua haujlwm rau kev xa nws los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua mus rau txoj haujlwm khaws cia thiab rov ua dua, suav nrog lub tog raj kheej thiab lub tog raj kheej hydraulic. Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub laj kab, lub tsheb thauj khoom tau nce mus rau qhov siab uas tsim nyog rau kev yug me nyuam los yog hloov lub txaj, thiab tom qab ntawd qis rau hauv av. Cov thooj voos kheej kheej hydraulic nqa rab phom mus rau qhov siab tshaj hauv av, nrog rau nce thiab txo qis lub log.

Sprut-B tau rub los ntawm Ural-4320 lossis MT-LB tsheb laij teb. Ib qho ntxiv, rau kev tawm tsam tus kheej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, rab phom muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb raws li lub tshuab MeMZ-967A nrog lub zog tsav. Lub cav yog nyob ntawm sab xis ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv qab lub hood. Ntawm sab laug ntawm tus thav duab yog lub rooj zaum tsav tsheb thiab cov tswj phom thaum lub zog txav tus kheej. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev av qhuav yog 10 km / h, thiab cov mos txwv thauj khoom yog 6 txhaj tshuaj; roj ntau - mus txog 50 km.

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Kev ntim cov mos txwv ntawm 125-mm rab phom "Sprut-B" suav nrog cais cov ntaub ntawv thau duab nrog HEAT, sub-caliber thiab lub foob pob tawg loj tawg, nrog rau cov foob pob tiv thaiv lub tank. 125-mm VBK10 puag ncig nrog BK-14M qhov projectile tuaj yeem tsoo lub tank M60, M48, Leopard-1A5. Tua VBM-17 nrog lub sub-caliber projectile-M1 tso tsheb hlau luam "Abrams", "Leopard-2", "Merkava MK2". VOF-36 puag ncig nrog OF26 lub foob pob tawg loj tawg tau tsim los txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov neeg ua haujlwm, kev tsim vaj tsev thiab lwm lub hom phiaj.

Thaum muaj cov cuab yeej qhia tshwj xeeb 9S53 "Sprut" tuaj yeem tua ZUB K-14 nrog rau kev tiv thaiv lub foob pob hluav taws 9M119, kev tswj hwm uas yog ib nrab tsis siv neeg los ntawm lub laser nqaj, qhov sib tua yog los ntawm 100 txog 4000 m. yog kwv yees li 24 kg, cuaj luaj - 17, 2 kg, nws nkag mus rau hauv cov cuab yeej tom qab ERA nrog cov tuab ntawm 700-770 mm.

Tam sim no, rub phom tiv thaiv lub tank (100- thiab 125-mm du-bore) tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tebchaws ntawm yav dhau los cov koom pheej ntawm USSR, nrog rau ntau lub tebchaws tsim kho. Cov tub rog ntawm cov tebchaws sab hnub poob tau tso tseg tshwj xeeb rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank, ob leeg rub thiab ua tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem xav tias rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank muaj lub neej yav tom ntej. Ballistics thiab mos txwv ntawm 125-mm rab phom "Sprut-B", koom ua ke nrog cov phom loj ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau loj niaj hnub no, muaj peev xwm tawm tsam cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntau lawm hauv ntiaj teb. Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank hla ATGM yog qhov kev xaiv dav ntawm txhais tau tias kev rhuav tshem ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab muaj peev xwm tsoo lawv cov ntsiab lus-khoob. Ib qho ntxiv, Sprut-B tuaj yeem siv ua riam phom tsis tiv thaiv lub tank. Nws HE-26 lub foob pob tawg loj tawg ze rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv foob pob thiab hais txog qhov tawg loj mus rau OF-471 qhov projectile ntawm 122-mm A-19 corps phom, uas tau nrov npe hauv Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj.

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